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1.
Braz J Med Biol Res ; 50(7): e5984, 2017 Jul 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28678920

RESUMEN

The aim of the present study was to systematically review the recent literature about pain and distress outcomes in children and critically analyze the methodological quality of the reports. The systematic review was based on the PRISMA statement and performed by selecting articles that are indexed in scientific databases. The methodological quality of reports was examined using STROBE statement, for observational studies, and CONSORT statement, for randomized controlled trials. The PedIMMPACT consensus was used to evaluate the psychometric quality of pain instruments. We analyzed 23 empirical studies, including 14 randomized controlled trials, seven cross-sectional studies, and two studies with cohort designs. Fourteen studies included preschool- and schoolchildren, and nine studies included infants. Regarding studies with infants, pain responses were evaluated by heart rate, crying and behavioral observation scales, and distress was evaluated only by salivary cortisol. Four-handed care and sensorial saturation interventions were used to evaluate efficacy to reduce pain and distress responses. Concerning studies with children, both pain and distress responses were evaluated by self- and hetero-reports, behavioral observation and/or physiological measures. Distraction was effective for reducing pain and distress during burn dressing changes and needle procedures, and healing touch intervention reduced distress and pain in chronic patients. All of the studies scored at least 60% in the methodological quality assessment. The pain outcomes included measures of validity that were classified as well-established by the PedIMMPACT. This systematic review gathers scientific evidence of distress-associated pain in children. Pain and distress were measured as distinct constructs, and their associations were poorly analyzed.


Asunto(s)
Manejo del Dolor/métodos , Dimensión del Dolor/métodos , Estrés Psicológico/psicología , Niño , Humanos , Lactante , Manejo del Dolor/psicología , Dimensión del Dolor/psicología , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto
2.
Eur J Pain ; 21(1): 178-187, 2017 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27461092

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Pain is a stressful experience that can have a negative impact on child development. The aim of this crossover study was to examine the efficacy of audiovisual distraction for acute pain relief in paediatric inpatients. METHOD: The sample comprised 40 inpatients (6-11 years) who underwent painful puncture procedures. The participants were randomized into two groups, and all children received the intervention and served as their own controls. Stress and pain-catastrophizing assessments were initially performed using the Child Stress Scale and Pain Catastrophizing Scale for Children, with the aim of controlling these variables. The pain assessment was performed using a Visual Analog Scale and the Faces Pain Scale-Revised after the painful procedures. Group 1 received audiovisual distraction before and during the puncture procedure, which was performed again without intervention on another day. The procedure was reversed in Group 2. Audiovisual distraction used animated short films. A 2 × 2 × 2 analysis of variance for 2 × 2 crossover study was performed, with a 5% level of statistical significance. RESULTS: The two groups had similar baseline measures of stress and pain catastrophizing. A significant difference was found between periods with and without distraction in both groups, in which scores on both pain scales were lower during distraction compared with no intervention. The sequence of exposure to the distraction intervention in both groups and first versus second painful procedure during which the distraction was performed also significantly influenced the efficacy of the distraction intervention. CONCLUSION: Audiovisual distraction effectively reduced the intensity of pain perception in paediatric inpatients. SIGNIFICANCE: The crossover study design provides a better understanding of the power effects of distraction for acute pain management. Audiovisual distraction was a powerful and effective non-pharmacological intervention for pain relief in paediatric inpatients. The effects were detected in subsequent acute painful procedures.


Asunto(s)
Dolor Agudo/prevención & control , Manejo del Dolor/métodos , Dolor Asociado a Procedimientos Médicos/prevención & control , Dolor Agudo/diagnóstico , Dolor Agudo/psicología , Atención , Catastrofización , Niño , Estudios Cruzados , Femenino , Hospitalización , Humanos , Masculino , Dimensión del Dolor , Dolor Asociado a Procedimientos Médicos/diagnóstico , Dolor Asociado a Procedimientos Médicos/psicología , Flebotomía
3.
Rev. bras. pesqui. méd. biol ; Braz. j. med. biol. res;50(7): e5984, 2017. tab, graf
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: biblio-951698

RESUMEN

The aim of the present study was to systematically review the recent literature about pain and distress outcomes in children and critically analyze the methodological quality of the reports. The systematic review was based on the PRISMA statement and performed by selecting articles that are indexed in scientific databases. The methodological quality of reports was examined using STROBE statement, for observational studies, and CONSORT statement, for randomized controlled trials. The PedIMMPACT consensus was used to evaluate the psychometric quality of pain instruments. We analyzed 23 empirical studies, including 14 randomized controlled trials, seven cross-sectional studies, and two studies with cohort designs. Fourteen studies included preschool- and schoolchildren, and nine studies included infants. Regarding studies with infants, pain responses were evaluated by heart rate, crying and behavioral observation scales, and distress was evaluated only by salivary cortisol. Four-handed care and sensorial saturation interventions were used to evaluate efficacy to reduce pain and distress responses. Concerning studies with children, both pain and distress responses were evaluated by self- and hetero-reports, behavioral observation and/or physiological measures. Distraction was effective for reducing pain and distress during burn dressing changes and needle procedures, and healing touch intervention reduced distress and pain in chronic patients. All of the studies scored at least 60% in the methodological quality assessment. The pain outcomes included measures of validity that were classified as well-established by the PedIMMPACT. This systematic review gathers scientific evidence of distress-associated pain in children. Pain and distress were measured as distinct constructs, and their associations were poorly analyzed.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Lactante , Niño , Estrés Psicológico/psicología , Dimensión del Dolor/métodos , Manejo del Dolor/métodos , Dimensión del Dolor/psicología , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Manejo del Dolor/psicología
4.
Genet Mol Res ; 15(2)2016 Apr 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27173185

RESUMEN

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide and the first among women. Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) are the two major histological subtypes, and the clinical and molecular differences between them justify the search for new markers to distinguish them. As proteomic analysis allows for a powerful and analytical approach to identify potential biomarkers, we performed a comparative analysis of IDC and ILC samples by using two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Twenty-three spots were identified corresponding to 10 proteins differentially expressed between the two subtypes. ACTB, ACTG, TPM3, TBA1A, TBA1B, VIME, TPIS, PDIA3, PDIA6, and VTDB were upregulated in ductal carcinoma compared to in lobular carcinoma samples. Overall, these 10 proteins have a key role in oncogenesis. Their specific functions and relevance in cancer initiation and progression are further discussed in this study. The identified peptides represent promising biomarkers for the differentiation of ductal and lobular breast cancer subtypes, and for future interventions based on tailored therapy.


Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/genética , Carcinoma Lobular/genética , Proteoma/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/metabolismo , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/patología , Carcinoma Lobular/metabolismo , Carcinoma Lobular/patología , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proteoma/metabolismo
5.
Genet Mol Res ; 14(4): 14847-56, 2015 Nov 23.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26600546

RESUMEN

Investigations of any type of crime invariably starts at the crime scene by collecting evidence. Thus, the purpose of this research was to collect and analyze an entomological trace from an environment that is similar to those of indoor crime scenes. Hematophagous mosquitoes were collected from two residential units; saliva of volunteers that were residents in the units was also collected for genetic analysis as reference samples. We examined the allele frequencies of 15 short tandem repeat loci (D8S1179, D21S11, D7S820, CSF1PO, D3S1358, TH01, D13S317, D16S539, D2S1338, D19S433, vWA, TPOX, D18S51, D5S818, and FGA) and amelogenin. A total of 26 female hematophagous mosquitoes were identified as Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Culex quinquefasciatus; we were able to obtain 11 forensically valid genetic profiles, with a minimum of 0.028203 ng/µL of human DNA. Thus, the results of this study showed that it was possible to correlate human genetic information from mosquitoes with the volunteer reference samples, which validates the use of this information as forensic evidence. Furthermore, we observed mixed genetic profiles from one mosquito. Therefore, it is clearly important to collect these insects indoors where crimes were committed, because it may be possible to find intact genetic profiles of suspects in the blood found in the digestive tract of hematophagous mosquitoes for later comparison to identify an offender and/or exclude suspects.


Asunto(s)
Culicidae/genética , ADN/sangre , Genética Forense , Repeticiones de Microsatélite/genética , Animales , Crimen , Dermatoglifia del ADN , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Pruebas Genéticas , Humanos
6.
Vet Parasitol ; 181(2-4): 83-90, 2011 Sep 27.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21641721

RESUMEN

Dogs naturally infected with Leishmania Infantum (=L. chagasi) were treated with miltefosine using different therapeutic regimens. The animals were evaluated for clinical evolution, biochemical parameters, parasite load (by real-time PCR), cytokine levels and humoral response. After treatment and during the following 24 months, there was progressive clinical improvement and complete recovery in 50% (7/14) of the treated animals. There was a decrease in the smear positivity of the bone marrow after treatment, and there was also a gradual and constant decrease in positive cultures at the end of the follow-up period. However, the PCR detection of parasite DNA remained positive. In general, all animals presented a significant increase in parasite load 6 months after treatment. The IFN-γ levels in all the groups tended to increase during follow-up period, regardless of the miltefosine dose administered. The IL-4 and IL-10 levels of the animals tended to decrease during follow-up, except after 300 days when only IL-10 increased. The serum antibodies identified antigens that ranged from 116 kDa to less than 29 kDa in the Western blot assay. Furthermore, 300 days after treatment, qualitative and quantitative differences in the antigen profiles were observed. Antigens of 97 and 46 kDa were the most intensely recognized. Higher levels of antigen-specific Leishmania IgG were detected before and 300 days after treatment in all groups. Taking together, the improvement in the clinical symptoms was not followed by parasitological clearance, suggesting that treatment with miltefosine is not recommended, especially in endemic areas like Brazil, where children are the major victims and dogs are involved in the maintenance of the parasite cycle.


Asunto(s)
Antiprotozoarios/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades de los Perros/tratamiento farmacológico , Leishmania infantum , Leishmaniasis Visceral/veterinaria , Fosforilcolina/análogos & derivados , Animales , Brasil/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/sangre , Enfermedades de los Perros/parasitología , Perros , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Leishmaniasis Visceral/sangre , Leishmaniasis Visceral/tratamiento farmacológico , Fosforilcolina/uso terapéutico , Factores de Tiempo
7.
Toxicol In Vitro ; 25(4): 761-6, 2011 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21238575

RESUMEN

Leather manufacturing has a high potential for environmental pollution due to hides and chemicals that are not completely absorbed during the tanning process. This study aims to investigate the mutagenic potential of surface water samples from Cadeia and Feitoria rivers (RS, Brazil) in areas influenced by tanneries and leather footwear industry. Micronucleus assays using V79 cells and human lymphocytes were used. Cells were exposed to surface water collected bimonthly from three sites for a year, totaling six samples. Significant MN induction in human lymphocytes was shown by 83% of samples from sites FEI001 and CAD001 located downstream from the industrial area, followed by FEI004 (33%), upstream. Only a single sample from site FEI004 showed a positive response for MN in V79 cells. Thirteen discordant and five concordant responses were found between the two in vitro tests. Mutagenic agents were found at the sites where chemical quality was worst, corroborating studies on chronic toxicity, oxidative stress and mutagenicity performed in this area. The assay using human lymphocytes was more sensitive than V79 cells to detect the contaminants from this area, showing that it is an excellent biomarker of environmental genotoxicity.


Asunto(s)
Linfocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Mutágenos/toxicidad , Curtiembre , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/toxicidad , Animales , Brasil , Línea Celular , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , Humanos , Linfocitos/patología , Micronúcleos con Defecto Cromosómico/inducido químicamente , Pruebas de Micronúcleos , Mutágenos/aislamiento & purificación , Ríos
8.
Int J Sports Med ; 30(10): 728-32, 2009 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19642060

RESUMEN

Several studies have established that systemic sclerosis patients have a reduced exercise capacity when compared to healthy individuals. It is relevant to evaluate whether aerobic exercise in systemic sclerosis patients is a safe and effective intervention to improve aerobic capacity. Seven patients without pulmonary impairment and seven healthy controls were enrolled in an 8-week program consisting of moderate intensity aerobic exercise. Patients and controls had a significant improvement in peak oxygen consumption (19.72+/-3.51 vs. 22.27+/-2.53 and 22.94+/-4.70 vs. 24.55+/-3.00, respectively, p=0.006), but difference between groups was not statistically significant (p=0.149). This finding was reinforced by the fact that at the end of the study both groups were able to perform a significantly higher exercise intensity when compared to baseline, as measured by peak blood lactate (1.43+/-0.51 vs. 1.84+/-0.33 and 1.11+/-0.45 vs. 1.59+/-0.25, respectively, p=0.01). Patients improved the peak exercise oxygen saturation comparing to the baseline (84.14+/-9.86 vs. 90.29+/-5.09, p=0.048). Rodnan score was similar before and after the intervention (15.84+/-7.84 vs.12.71+/-4.31, p=0.0855). Digital ulcers and Raynaud's phenomenon remained stable. Our data support the notion that improving aerobic capacity is a feasible goal in systemic sclerosis management. The long term benefit of this intervention needs to be determined in large prospective studies.


Asunto(s)
Terapia por Ejercicio/métodos , Consumo de Oxígeno/fisiología , Calidad de Vida , Esclerodermia Sistémica/terapia , Adulto , Tolerancia al Ejercicio/fisiología , Femenino , Humanos , Lactatos/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Pruebas de Función Respiratoria , Esclerodermia Sistémica/fisiopatología , Resultado del Tratamiento
9.
Arq. Inst. Biol ; 75(1)2008.
Artículo en Portugués | LILACS-Express | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1461926

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT The eucalyptus snout beetle Gonipterus scutellatus Gyllenhal was found in Espirito Santo State, Brazil, attacking clonal plantations of Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis (hybrid urograndis). The presence of this species in Brazil has been known since 1979, with a geographical distribution restricted to Brazils South and São Paulo State. The pests introduction to the state of Espírito Santo was probably accidental and its occurrence has been limited to the central region of the state. Field surveys did not detect the egg parasitoid Anaphes nitens (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), which is the main natural enemy of G. scutellatus.


RESUMO O gorgulho do eucalipto Gonipterus scutellatus Gyllenhal foi encontrado no Estado do Espírito Santo atacando plantações clonais de Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis (híbrido urograndis). Essa espécie de gorgulho é conhecida no Brasil desde 1979, tendo sua distribuição geográfica restrita aos estados da região Sul e São Paulo. A introdução do inseto no Estado do Espírito Santo foi provavelmente acidental e sua ocorrência tem se limitado à região central do Estado. Nos levantamentos de campo não foi detectado o parasitóide de ovos Anaphes nitens (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), que é o principal inimigo natural do gorgulho do eucalipto.

10.
Arq. Inst. Biol ; 75(3)2008.
Artículo en Portugués | LILACS-Express | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1461966

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT Pineus boerneri Annand, 1928 (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), a new exotic aphid species, was found in 2002 and 2004 infesting Pinus plantations in the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais, Brazil. This is the first report of this species and family in pine plantations in the Brazilian Southeast. The geographic distribution, symptoms and damage caused by this species are presented.


RESUMO Uma nova espécie exótica de pulgão, Pineus boerneri Annand, 1928 (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) foi encontrada em 2002 e 2004 infestando plantios de Pinus, nos Estados de São Paulo e Minas Gerais, sendo este o primeiro relato tanto da espécie quanto da família destes pulgões em plantios dePinus spp. na região Sudeste do Brasil. A distribuição geográfica, sinais da presença e danos são apresentados no artigo.

11.
Scand J Rheumatol ; 36(6): 458-61, 2007.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18092268

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the exercise capacity of women with systemic sclerosis (SSc) without pulmonary involvement using a cardiopulmonary stress test. METHODS: Thirteen consecutive female SSc patients [mean age 40.8+/-14 years, mean body mass index (BMI) 25.5+/-3.7 kg/m2] without pulmonary and cardiac involvement and 13 healthy sedentary female controls (mean age 41.6+/-9.1 years, mean BMI 23.7+/-3.8 kg/m2) matched by age and BMI underwent a maximum cardiopulmonary stress test (Bruce protocol). The following parameters were analysed: peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), anaerobic threshold (AT), respiratory compensation point (RCP) and metabolic equivalent (MET) of the VO2peak. Comparisons between groups were analysed using the Student t-test. RESULTS: Forced vital capacity (FVC; 92.2+/-14.2% predicted) and carbon monoxide diffusion lung capacity (DL CO; 85.8+/-5.8% predicted) were within the normal range in SSc patients. VO2peak of SSc patients was significantly reduced in comparison to the control group (19.8+/-4.6 vs. 23.7+/-4.5 mL/kg/min, p = 0.04). SSc patients also had a significant reduction in MET at peak exercise (5.6+/-1.3 vs. 6.7+/-1.3 MET, p = 0.04) and a significant shorter time interval between AT and RCP compared to the control group (112.6+/-95.6 vs. 164.0+/-65.3 s, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: SSc patients without pulmonary impairment have reduced exercise capacity. Abnormal vascular response to exercise may account for this finding, as the vascular system is one of the major target organs in this pathological condition.


Asunto(s)
Tolerancia al Ejercicio/fisiología , Pulmón/fisiopatología , Esclerodermia Sistémica/fisiopatología , Adulto , Prueba de Esfuerzo/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Pulmón/metabolismo , Enfermedades Pulmonares , Persona de Mediana Edad , Consumo de Oxígeno/fisiología , Pronóstico , Capacidad de Difusión Pulmonar , Esclerodermia Sistémica/metabolismo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Capacidad Vital/fisiología
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