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1.
Farm. hosp ; 42(4): 147-151, jul.-ago. 2018. tab
Article Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-174832

Objetivo: Analizar la frecuencia del incumplimiento terapéutico en pacientes que sufren reingresos hospitalarios precoces e identificar los factores asociados al mismo. Método: Estudio observacional descriptivo de tres meses de duración (marzo-mayo de 2014). Se incluyeron todos los pacientes mayores de 65 años que reingresaron en los 3-30 días siguientes al alta hospitalaria. Fueron excluidos los reingresos programados y los reingresos en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Las variables recogidas fueron: edad, sexo, servicio médico, categoría diagnóstica mayor, polimedicación, número de días desde el alta, presencia de hipertensión y/o diabetes. Se evaluó el cumplimiento terapéutico y la dificultad en la administración de medicación mediante el test de Morisky-Green y el test de Haynes-Sackett, respectivamente. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables y se relacionaron estas con la adherencia terapéutica. Las variables con significación estadística se incluyeron en un modelo de regresión logística multivariante. Resultados: El 57% de los pacientes presentaron falta de adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico. El 23% presentaba dificultad en la administración de la medicación. Un 86% presentaba comorbilidades (hipertensión y/o diabetes) y el 79% tenía cuidador. El 86% de los pacientes estaban polimedicados (≥ 5 fármacos). Existe relación entre la falta de adherencia y la dificultad en la administración de los medicamentos (p = 0,021), la polimedicación (p = 0,002) y la presencia de diabetes mellitus (p=0,018). Conclusiones: La polimedicación, la presencia de diabetes mellitus y la existencia de dificultad en la administración de la medicación se evidencian como factores pronósticos de la falta de adherencia al tratamiento en pacientes mayores de 65 años


Objective: To analyse the rate of therapeutic nonadherence in patients who experience early readmissions, and identify the factors associated with nonadherence. Methods: An observational descriptive 3-month study (March-May 2014), which included all patients more than 65 years who were readmitted between 3 to 30 days following the last hospital discharge. Exclusion criteria: programmed re-admissions and readmissions to the Intensive Care Unit. Variables included in the study: age, sex, medical service, major diagnostic category, polypharmacy, number of days since the last hospital discharge, and hypertension and diabetes. Therapeutic adherence and difficulty in taking medication were assessed using the Morisky-Green test and the Haynes-Sackett test, respectively. A descriptive analysis of the variables was conducted, showing they were associated with therapeutic adherence. Statistically significant variables were included in a multivariate logistic regression model. Results: In total, 57% of the patients were nonadherent to pharmacological treatment; 23% had difficulty taking their medication; 86% had comorbidities (hypertension and diabetes); 79% had a caregiver; and 86% were polymedicated (≥ 5 medications). There was an association between lack of adherence and difficulty in taking medications (P = 0.021), polypharmacy (P = 0.002), and diabetes mellitus (P = 0.018). Conclusions: Polymedication, diabetes mellitus, and difficulty in taking medication were shown to be prognostic factors of lack of adherence to treatment in patients more than 65 years


Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Medication Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Patient Readmission , Patient Compliance/statistics & numerical data , Aged, 80 and over , Observational Study , Epidemiology, Descriptive
2.
Farm Hosp ; 42(4): 147-151, 2018 07 01.
Article En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29959838

OBJECTIVE: Analyze the frequency of therapeutic noncompliance in patients who  suffer early readmissions, and identify the factors associated with it. METHOD: Observational, descriptive study of three months duration (March -  May 2014). All patients older than 65 years who readmitted in the 3-30 days  following the last hospital discharge were included. We excluded programmed  re-admissions and readmissions in the Intensive Care Unit. The variables  collected were: age, sex, medical service, major diagnostic category,  polypharmacy, number of days since the last hospital discharge, presence of  hypertension and/or diabetes. The therapeutic compliance and the difficulty in  the administration of medication were evaluated by means of the Morisky-Green  test and the Haynes-Sackett test respectively. A descriptive analysis of the  variables was carried out and they were related to the therapeutic adherence.  The variables with statistical significance were included in a multivariate logistic  regression model. RESULTS: Fifty seven percent of the patients presented lack of adherence to  pharmacological treatment. Twenty three percent had difficulty administering the medication. Eighty six percent had comorbidities  (hypertension and/or diabetes) and 79% had a caregiver. Eighty six percent of patients were polymedicated (≥ 5 drugs). There is a relationship between lack of adherence and difficulty in the administration of medications (p=0.021),  polypharmacy (p=0.002), and the presence of diabetes mellitus (p=0.018). CONCLUSIONS: Polymedication, the presence of diabetes mellitus and the existence of difficulty in the administration of medication are evidenced as prognostic factors of the lack of adherence to treatment in patients older than 65 years.


Objetivo: Analizar la frecuencia del incumplimiento terapéutico en pacientes que sufren reingresos hospitalarios precoces e identificar los factores asociados  al mismo.Método: Estudio observacional descriptivo de tres meses de duración (marzo­ mayo de 2014). Se incluyeron todos los pacientes mayores de 65 años que  reingresaron en los 3-30 días siguientes al alta hospitalaria. Fueron excluidos los reingresos programados y los reingresos en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos.  Las variables recogidas fueron: edad, sexo, servicio médico, categoría  diagnóstica mayor, polimedicación, número de días desde el alta, presencia de  hipertensión y/o diabetes. Se evaluó el cumplimiento terapéutico y la dificultad  en la administración de medicación mediante el test de Morisky-Green y el test  de Haynes-Sackett, respectivamente. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las  variables y se relacionaron estas con la adherencia terapéutica. Las variables  con significación estadística se incluyeron en un modelo de regresión logística multivariante.Resultados: El 57% de los pacientes presentaron falta de adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico. El 23% presentaba dificultad en la administración de la medicación. Un 86% presentaba comorbilidades  hipertensión y/o diabetes) y el 79% tenía cuidador. El 86% de los pacientes  estaban polimedicados (≥ 5 fármacos). Existe relación entre la falta de  adherencia y la dificultad en la administración de los medicamentos (p = 0,021), la polimedicación (p = 0,002) y la presencia de diabetes mellitus (p = 0,018).Conclusiones: La polimedicación, la presencia de diabetes mellitus y la  existencia de dificultad en la administración de la medicación se evidencian como factores pronósticos de la falta de adherencia al tratamiento en pacientes  mayores de 65 años.


Medication Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Patient Compliance/statistics & numerical data , Patient Readmission/statistics & numerical data , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Pharmacists , Polypharmacy
3.
Farm. hosp ; 41(5): 611-617, sept.-oct. 2017. tab
Article En | IBECS | ID: ibc-166598

Objective: To assess the toxicity of a standardized triple intrathecal chemotherapy in onco- hematological adult patients and to establish risk factors of toxicity. Method: Observational and prospective study of standardized triple intrathecal chemotherapy administrations in onco-hematologic adult patients for 18 months. Results: There were some adverse events in 39.3% of the 56 administrations registered. 96.7% of the events were grade 1-2 and only 1 event was grade 3. The lower age of the patient and the greater difference between the administered drug volume and cerebrospinal fluid removed volume were shown as risk factors for toxicity. Conclusions: The administration of standardized triple intrathecal chemotherapy was related to a low frequency of toxicity and most of adverse events were mild-moderate. The detection of adverse effects was significantly greater in young adults and in those administrations where the difference between cerebrospinal fluid remove volume and the administered drug was greater (AU)


Objetivo: Evaluar la toxicidad asociada a la administración de quimioterapia triple intratecal estandarizada en pacientes onco-hematológicos adultos e identificar los factores de riesgo asociados. Método: Estudio observacional y prospectivo de las administraciones de quimioterapia triple intratecal estandarizada administradas a pacientes onco-hematológicos adultos durante 18 meses. Resultados: Se registró algún evento adverso en el 39,3% de las 56 administraciones registradas. El 96,7% de los eventos fueron grado 1-2 y solo 1 evento fue grado 3. La menor edad del paciente y la mayor diferencia entre el volumen administrado y el líquido cefalorraquídeo extraído se mostraron como factores de riesgo de toxicidad. Conclusiones: La administración de quimioterapia triple intratecal estandarizada estuvo relacionada con una baja frecuencia de toxicidad y la mayoría de los eventos adversos fueron de gravedad leve-moderada. La detección de efectos adversos fue significativamente mayor en adultos jóvenes y en aquellas administraciones en las que la diferencia entre el volumen de líquido cefalorraquídeo extraído y de fármaco administrado fue mayor (AU)


Humans , Adult , Hematologic Neoplasms/drug therapy , Antineoplastic Agents/toxicity , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/toxicity , Injections, Spinal , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Prospective Studies
4.
Farm Hosp ; 41(5): 611-617, 2017 Sep 01.
Article En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28847250

OBJECTIVE: To assess the toxicity of a standardized triple intrathecal chemotherapy in onco- hematological adult patients and to establish risk factors of toxicity. METHOD: Observational and prospective study of standardized triple intrathecal chemotherapy administrations in onco-hematologic adult patients for 18 months. RESULTS: There were some adverse events in 39.3% of the 56 administrations registered. 96.7% of the events were grade 1-2 and only 1 event was grade 3. The lower age of the patient and the greater difference between the administered drug volume and cerebrospinal fluid removed volume were shown as risk factors for toxicity. CONCLUSIONS: The administration of standardized triple intrathecal chemotherapy was related to a low frequency of toxicity and most of adverse events were mild-moderate. The detection of adverse effects was significantly greater in young adults and in those administrations where the difference between cerebrospinal fluid remove volume and the administered drug was greater.


Objetivo: Evaluar la toxicidad asociada a la administración de quimioterapia triple intratecal estandarizada en pacientes onco-hematológicos adultos e identificar los factores de riesgo asociados.Método: Estudio observacional y prospectivo de las administraciones de quimioterapia triple intratecal estandarizada administradas a pacientes onco-hematológicos adultos durante 18 meses.Resultados: Se registró algún evento adverso en el 39,3% de las 56 administraciones registradas. El 96,7% de los eventos fueron grado 1-2 y solo 1 evento fue grado 3. La menor edad del paciente y la mayor diferencia entre el volumen administrado y el líquido cefalorraquídeo extraído se mostraron como factores de riesgo de toxicidad.Conclusiones: La administración de quimioterapia triple intratecal estandarizada estuvo relacionada con una baja frecuencia de toxicidad y la mayoría de los eventos adversos fueron de gravedad leve-moderada. La detección de efectos adversos fue significativamente mayor en adultos jóvenes y en aquellas administraciones en las que la diferencia entre el volumen de líquido cefalorraquídeo extraído y de fármaco administrado fue mayor.


Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Hematologic Neoplasms/drug therapy , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/administration & dosage , Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects , Cytarabine/administration & dosage , Cytarabine/therapeutic use , Female , Humans , Hydrocortisone/administration & dosage , Hydrocortisone/therapeutic use , Injections, Spinal , Male , Methotrexate/administration & dosage , Methotrexate/therapeutic use , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Young Adult
5.
Farm. hosp ; 41(1): 105-129, ene.-feb. 2017. tab
Article En | IBECS | ID: ibc-159656

Introduction: Intrathecal chemotherapy is frequently used in clinical practice for treatment and prevention of neoplastic meningitis. Despite its widespread use, there is little information about practical aspects such as the volume of drug to be administered or its preparation and administration. Objective: To conduct a literature review about practical aspects of the use of intrathecal chemotherapy. Materials: Search in PubMed/ Medline using the terms ‘chemotherapy AND intrathecal’, analysis of secondary and tertiary information sources. Results: The most widely used drugs in intrathecal therapy are methotrexate and cytarabine, at variable doses. One of the aspects with higher variability among different studies is their potential combination with a glucocorticoid, the specific corticoid selected and its dose. The efficacy and toxicity of the different combinations have not been compared. Regarding preparation, it is worth highlighting the recommendation to adjust pH and osmolarity to the physiological range, with the aim of improving tolerability. The volume of administration can influence distribution, and recommendated range is between 5 and 12 mL. Overall, it is recommended to extract a similar volume of cerebrospinal fluid before administration. The position of the patient during and after administration can have an impact on distribution and toxicity; lateral decubitus or sitting position is recommended in the first case, and prone and/ or supine position in the second one. Most publications don’t explain how the treatment has been prepared or administered, and the lack of standardization could affect results. Conclusions: There is a great variability in practice when using intrathecal chemotherapy, despite being an effective therapy, accepted by all international groups. This uncertainty is not limited to the drugs and doses administered, but it also includes the manner of preparation and the administration technique. The heterogeneity in clinical practice can influence the efficacy and toxicity of this therapy (AU)


Introducción: La quimioterapia intratecal es utilizada frecuentemente, en la práctica clínica, para el tratamiento y prevención de la meningitis neoplásica. A pesar de su uso extendido, existe poca información acerca de aspectos prácticos tales como el volumen de fármaco a administrar o la forma de preparación y administración. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión de la literatura acerca de aspectos prácticos de la utilización de la quimioterapia intratecal. Material: Búsqueda en PubMed/Medline utilizando los términos ‘chemotherapy AND intrathecal’, análisis de fuentes de información secundarias y terciarias. Resultados: Los fármacos más utilizados en terapia intratecal son metotrexato y citarabina, con dosis variables. La asociación o no con un glucocorticoide, el corticoide concreto seleccionado y su dosis es uno de los aspectos con mayor variabilidad entre distintos estudios. No se han comparado la eficacia y toxicidad de las distintas combinaciones. En la preparación destaca la recomendación de ajustar pH y osmolaridad al rango fisiológico, con el objetivo de mejorar la tolerancia. El volumen de administración puede influir en la distribución, oscilando las recomendaciones entre 5-12 mL. En general, se aconseja extraer previamente un volumen de líquido cefalorraquídeo similar. La posición del paciente durante y tras la administración puede influir en la distribución y la toxicidad; se recomienda el decúbito lateral o la sedestación, en el primer caso, y el decúbito prono y/o supino, en el segundo. La mayoría de las publicaciones no indican cómo se ha preparado o administrado el tratamiento, y la falta de estandarización podría afectar a los resultados. Conclusiones: Existe gran variabilidad en la práctica a la hora de utilizar la quimioterapia intratecal, a pesar de ser una terapia efectiva asumida por todos los grupos internacionales. La incertidumbre no se limita a los fármacos y dosis administradas, sino que se extiende a la forma de preparación de las mezclas y la técnica de administración. La heterogeneidad en la práctica clínica puede influir en la efectividad y toxicidad de esta terapia (AU)


Humans , Injections, Spinal/methods , Drug Compounding/methods , Pharmaceutical Preparations/standards , Meningeal Neoplasms/drug therapy , Methotrexate/administration & dosage , Cytarabine/administration & dosage , Glucocorticoids/administration & dosage
6.
Farm Hosp ; 41(n01): 105-129, 2017 Jan 01.
Article En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28045655

INTRODUCTION: Intrathecal chemotherapy is frequently used in clinical practice for treatment and prevention of neoplastic meningitis. Despite its widespread use, there is little information about practical aspects such as the volume of drug to be administered or its preparation and administration. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a literature review about practical aspects of the use of intrathecal chemotherapy. MATERIALS: Search in PubMed/ Medline using the terms "chemotherapy AND intrathecal", analysis of secondary and tertiary information sources. RESULTS: The most widely used drugs in intrathecal therapy are methotrexate and cytarabine, at variable doses. One of the aspects with higher variability among different studies is their potential combination with a glucocorticoid, the specific corticoid selected and its dose. The efficacy and toxicity of the different combinations have not been compared. Regarding preparation, it is worth highlighting the recommendation to adjust pH and osmolarity to the physiological range, with the aim of improving tolerability. The volume of administration can influence distribution, and recommendated range is between 5 and 12 mL. Overall, it is recommended to extract a similar volume of cerebrospinal fluid before administration. The position of the patient during and after administration can have an impact on distribution and toxicity; lateral decubitus or sitting position is recommended in the first case, and prone and/ or supine position in the second one. Most publications don't explain how the treatment has been prepared or administered, and the lack of standardization could affect results. CONCLUSIONS: There is a great variability in practice when using intrathecal chemotherapy, despite being an effective therapy, accepted by all international groups. This uncertainty is not li mited to the drugs and doses administered, but it also includes the manner of preparation and the administration technique. The heterogeneity in clinical practice can influence the efficacy and toxicity of this therapy.


Introducción: La quimioterapia intratecal es utilizada frecuentemente, en la practica clinica, para el tratamiento y prevencion de la meningitis neoplasica. A pesar de su uso extendido, existe poca informacion acerca de aspectos practicos tales como el volumen de farmaco a administrar o la forma de preparacion y administracion. Objetivo: Realizar una revision de la literatura acerca de aspectos practicos de la utilizacion de la quimioterapia intratecal. MATERIAL: Busqueda en PubMed/Medline utilizando los terminos "chemotherapy AND intrathecal", analisis de fuentes de informacion secundarias y terciarias. Resultados: Los farmacos mas utilizados en terapia intratecal son metotrexato y citarabina, con dosis variables. La asociacion o no con un glucocorticoide, el corticoide concreto seleccionado y su dosis es uno de los aspectos con mayor variabilidad entre distintos estudios. No se han comparado la eficacia y toxicidad de las distintas combinaciones. En la preparacion destaca la recomendacion de ajustar pH y osmolaridad al rango fisiologico, con el objetivo de mejorar la tolerancia. El volumen de administracion puede influir en la distribucion, oscilando las recomendaciones entre 5-12 mL. En general, se aconseja extraer previamente un volumen de liquido cefalorraquideo similar. La posicion del paciente durante y tras la administracion puede influir en la distribucion y la toxicidad; se recomienda el decubito lateral o la sedestacion, en el primer caso, y el decubito prono y/o supino, en el segundo. La mayoria de las publicaciones no indican como se ha preparado o administrado el tratamiento, y la falta de estandarizacion podria afectar a los resultados. Conclusiones: Existe gran variabilidad en la practica a la hora de utilizar la quimioterapia intratecal, a pesar de ser una terapia efectiva asumida por todos los grupos internacionales. La incertidumbre no se limita a los farmacos y dosis administradas, sino que se extiende a la forma de preparacion de las mezclas y la tecnica de administracion. La heterogeneidad en la practica clinica puede influir en la efectividad y toxicidad de esta terapia.


Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Injections, Spinal , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Humans
7.
Int J Clin Pharm ; 39(1): 126-132, 2017 Feb.
Article En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27933487

Background The administration of triple intrathecal therapy with methotrexate, cytarabine and a corticosteroid for the prophylaxis and treatment of neoplastic cell infiltration in the central nervous system in hematological malignancies is a widespread practice. There is limited information available about its toxicity profile. Several factors related to intrathecal preparation can affect toxicity. Thus, it was decided to standardize intrathecal chemotherapy, trying to obtain the best toxicity profile. Objective To assess the toxicity of a standardized triple intrathecal chemotherapy in oncohematological pediatric patients and to establish risk factors of toxicity. Setting Oncohematological pediatric unit from a tertiary hospital in Spain. Methods Prospective, descriptive and observational study in which all the administrations of standardized triple intrathecal chemotherapy in pediatric patients were registered. Main outcome measure Toxicity of the intrathecal therapy was recorded and possible risk factors were assessed. Results A total of 269 administrations of triple intrathecal chemotherapy were registered in 41 patients (mean age = 6.6 ± 3.9 years). In 16.7% of the procedures, an adverse event was reported (total number of adverse events = 61). 47.5% were grade 1, 47.5% grade 2 and 4.9% grade 3. The administration of intrathecal chemotherapy inpatient and patient age ≥3 years were risk factors of toxicity in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions The administration of standardized triple intrathecal chemotherapy is related to a low frequency of toxicity and most of the adverse events registered were mild/moderate. The detection of adverse effects was significantly greater in children with age greater than or equal to three years and in hospitalized patients.


Adrenal Cortex Hormones/adverse effects , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects , Cytarabine/adverse effects , Hematologic Neoplasms/drug therapy , Methotrexate/adverse effects , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage , Child , Child, Preschool , Cohort Studies , Cytarabine/administration & dosage , Female , Headache/chemically induced , Hematologic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Humans , Injections, Spinal , Male , Methotrexate/administration & dosage , Prospective Studies , Vomiting/chemically induced
8.
J Oncol Pharm Pract ; 22(5): 659-65, 2016 Oct.
Article En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26271105

INTRODUCTION: Intrathecal administration of methotrexate, cytarabine, and hydrocortisone is commonly used to treat and prevent central nervous system involvement in leukemias and lymphomas. The use of intrathecal solutions with pH and osmolarity values close to physiologic range of CSF (pH 7.31-7.37, osmolarity 281-306 mOsm/kg) and standardization of the methotrexate, cytarabine, and hydrocortisone doses in children and adults based on age is highly recommended. Stability studies of standardized intrathecal mixtures under these conditions have not yet been published. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical and chemical stabilities of four standardized mixtures of methotrexate, cytarabine, and hydrocortisone stored at 2-8℃ and 25℃ up to 7 days after preparation. METHODS: Four different standardized intrathecal mixtures were prepared and stored at 2-8℃ and 25℃ and protected from light. Triplicate samples were taken at different times and precipitation, appearance, color, pH, and osmolarity were analyzed. Methotrexate, cytarabine, and hydrocortisone concentrations were measured using a modified high-performance liquid chromatography method. RESULTS: No variation greater than 10% of the initial concentration of methotrexate, cytarabine, and hydrocortisone was observed in any of the four standardized mixtures for the 7 days of study when stored at 2-8℃ and 25℃ and protected from light. The osmolarity of the four preparations was within the physiologic range of CSF for 7 days at both 2-8℃ and 25℃. The pH values close to the physiologic range of CSF were stable for 48 h at 25℃ and for 120 h at 2-8℃. CONCLUSIONS: Triple intrathecal standardized preparations of methotrexate, cytarabine, and hydrocortisone sodium phosphate are physically and chemically stable at 25℃ for 48 h and at 2-8℃ for 5 days.


Cytarabine/chemistry , Hydrocortisone/analogs & derivatives , Methotrexate/chemistry , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Drug Compounding/standards , Drug Stability , Humans , Hydrocortisone/chemistry , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Injections, Spinal , Osmolar Concentration , Temperature
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