RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To analyze morbidity and factors affecting mortality in emergency abdominal surgery in the Russian Federation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included patients with acute abdominal diseases aged 18 years and older. All patients were hospitalized in emergency surgical care departments of 3.194 state healthcare institutions in 84 regions of the Russian Federation in 2018. Morbidity, surgical activity and mortality were analyzed. RESULTS: There were 680.337 cases of hospitalization in emergency surgical department, morbidity rate was 582 cases per 100 000. The most common emergency surgical diseases were acute appendicitis (142.3 cases per 100 000), acute cholecystitis (139.0 cases per 100 000) and acute pancreatitis (131.2 cases per 100 000). Surgery was performed in 399.051 (58.7%) patients. In-hospital mortality rate was 2.4% (16 051 cases). CONCLUSION: There are certain factors affecting mortality rate in acute abdominal diseases. The leading problems in organizing emergency surgical care in Russia are insufficient equipment of rural and small municipal surgical hospitals, different staffing with surgeons in rural areas and large cities and late hospitalization of patients.