Appraisal of the IADT fellowship - A member survey.

BACKGROUND/AIM: The International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) is considered the foremost authority in Dental Traumatology. Fellowship status was introduced in 2015 and is considered an international standard of excellence. The Fellowship Committee of the IADT believed it was essential to survey members seeking information on the benefits of the IADT Fellowship and potential considerations for future development. This survey aimed to explore the perceptions of members of IADT surrounding the fellowship process in terms of interest, accessibility, equality, perceived prestige, and value to the membership. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The survey was sent to 546 IADT members, of whom 89 were fellows (as of 31 July 2022) from 74 countries via an email invitation. Answers were analysed using the Chi2 and Fisher's exact test (p < .05). RESULTS: The response rate to the survey was 20.69% (n = 113), including 28 fellows (24.78%). Forty-six respondents (40.71%) were female, and 67 (59.30%) were male. Dentists identified as specialists were significantly more likely to be involved in teaching dental trauma (p = .000008). A majority of respondents (87.76%; 86/98) expressed interest in obtaining fellowship, with increased interest from more recent graduates. Learning opportunities, obtaining expertise, networking and a sense of community and prestige, were key factors in considering fellowship. There was interest in alternate pathways other than examination alone, with 60.2% of 98 respondents suggesting a combination of publications /service to IADT/ reviewer for Dental Traumatology, 57.14% suggesting the submission of case reports, and 42.86% suggesting Honorary Fellowship. Respondents (73%) were willing to participate in online discussion forums and other professional development opportunities. This preference was more notable among non-fellows (75.29%) than fellows (67.85%). CONCLUSIONS: The survey indicates the diverse motivations and perceptions regarding the IADT Fellowship, despite the low participation of IADT members. Achieving fellowship status is desired by 87.7% of non-fellows. The majority of respondents were aware of the process, but main concerns were identified as eligibility criteria and examination difficulty. Options for alternate pathways and other initiatives promoting engagement were identified. Further exploration of these issues is required to be representative of the entire IADT membership. Addressing these obstacles could significantly enhance fellowship participation and overall member satisfaction within the IADT community.

Extension of a novel diagnostic index to include soft tissue injuries: Modified Eden Baysal Dental Trauma Index.

AIM: Accurate records of traumatic dental injuries are important for clinical management and data collection for research. Soft tissue injuries often accompany dental trauma and should be appropriately recorded. The Eden Baysal Dental Trauma Index (EBDTI) provides an easy recording system of useful information about traumatic dental injuries on a tooth basis. The aim of this study was to extend the EBDTI index to record soft tissue injuries in a concise format and to approve the face and content validity of this version as the modified EBDTI (MEBDTI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: An extension to EBDTI was developed by adding superscript numbers from 0 to 8 to represent soft tissue injuries related to dental trauma. The Rand e-Delphi method was used to evaluate this version of the index. A definition and two statements about the index were sent to 15 international panel experts to be assessed independently on a 9-point Likert scale where 1 represented "total disagreement," and 9 indicated "total agreement." The panel needed to reach a 75% consensus for validation. A numerical code was suggested using zero to depict no soft tissue injury; 1-4 to record extra-oral injuries; and 5-8 to record intra-oral injuries (for example, gingiva, frenulum, and palate). Traumatic dental injury of the tooth/teeth is recorded using EBDTI in square brackets, and soft tissue codes are used as superscript numbers outside the brackets on a patient basis. RESULTS: The panel reached a consensus on the definition (86.7%) and two statements (86.7% and 93.3%) in one round. Various cases are presented to demonstrate the application of the index. CONCLUSION: The Modified Eden Baysal Dental Trauma Index was developed to record soft tissue. injuries on a patient basis and was approved for face and content validity.

Reporting quality of case reports about dental trauma published in international journals 2008-2018 assessed by CARE guidelines.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The diagnosis and treatment of dental trauma are based primarily on observational evidence and case reports. The aim of this research is to assess the quality of reporting of case reports published from 2008 to 2018 in dental selected journals using the Care Report (CARE) guideline and to assess whether there was a change after publication of the CARE guidelines. METHODS: A descriptive study of the publications available on PubMed from specialist journals was conducted. Searches were made for MESh and free keywords associated with dental trauma and tooth injuries. One calibrated evaluator (kappa-intra = 0.87) using the CARE guidelines (max = 30 points) evaluated all case reports published from 2008 to 2018 in relevant journals. The average score before and after 2013 was compared by t-test and regression modeling, and the description of each CARE item was analyzed. RESULTS: The search found 201 relevant articles published in Dent Traumatol 141 (70.1%), Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 10 (5.0%), Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 16 (8.0%), J Clin Pediatr Dent 19 (9.5%), and Pediatr Dent 15 (7.5%). The mean quality (± standard deviation) was 14.3 (±2.6), and range from 7 to 20. The number and mean (±SD) before the CARE guidelines were n = 171, mean = 14.3 (±2.6) and after the CARE guidelines were n = 30, mean = 14.7 (±2.7), (P = .39, t-test). No significant differences per journal or origin of the first author were found. CONCLUSIONS: The reporting quality of case reports about dental trauma in five international dental journals has not improved since the publication of the CARE guidelines. The lack of reporting of essential items in case reports suggests that journals could enhance their quality by requiring authors to adhere to the CARE guidelines or similar reporting guidelines.

How Does Orofacial Trauma in Children Affect the Developing Dentition? Long-term Treatment and Associated Complications.

Each year, millions of children are injured and live with the consequences of those injuries. Through infancy and childhood, orofacial trauma caused by falls or being struck by or against objects occurs in children. The long-term implications on the developing permanent teeth are little known, even when the oral region is the second most frequently injured body area in children under 6 years of age. During this period, the developing permanent teeth may be directly involved after trauma, causing mild to severe hypoplasia, displacement, damage to the tooth germ, or an extended range of morphofunctional disturbances. In some cases, the effects of oral and dental injuries caused by trauma appear later with the eruption of the permanent incisors when ectopic eruption, malalignments, and other developmental disturbances become visible. Therefore, long-term follow up of the patient in order to diagnose and treat associated complications becomes essential. Critical points for facing the consequences of orofacial trauma on the developing dentition are to recognize the impact of orofacial trauma in young children and the dentist's role in providing anticipatory guidance to parents and health care professionals, differentiate between mild and severe disturbances affecting the developing permanent teeth after oral injuries in early childhood, recognize the importance of follow-up controls, and recognize the importance of early referral to a pediatric dentist and orthodontist for diagnosis and treatment planning.

How does orofacial trauma in children affect the developing dentition? Long-term treatment and associated complications.

Each year, millions of children are injured and live with the consequences of those injuries. Through infancy and childhood, orofacial trauma caused by falls or being struck by or against objects occurs in children. The long-term implications on the developing permanent teeth are little known, even when the oral region is the second most frequently injured body area in children under 6 years of age. During this period, the developing permanent teeth may be directly involved after trauma, causing mild to severe hypoplasia, displacement, damage to the tooth germ, or an extended range of morphofunctional disturbances. In some cases, the effects of oral and dental injuries caused by trauma appear later with the eruption of the permanent incisors when ectopic eruption, malalignments, and other developmental disturbances become visible. Therefore, long-term follow up of the patient in order to diagnose and treat associated complications becomes essential. Critical points for facing the consequences of orofacial trauma on the developing dentition are to recognize the impact of orofacial trauma in young children and the dentist's role in providing anticipatory guidance to parents and health care professionals, differentiate between mild and severe disturbances affecting the developing permanent teeth after oral injuries in early childhood, recognize the importance of follow-up controls, and recognize the importance of early referral to a pediatric dentist and orthodontist for diagnosis and treatment planning.

Validation and usability of a mobile phone application for epidemiological surveillance of traumatic dental injuries.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Traumatic dental injuries (TDI) are a public health problem, given their prevalence and consequences. However, their epidemiology is uncertain due to a general lack of quality data capture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and usability of a mobile phone-based application for community-based surveillance of traumatic dental injuries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A mobile phone-based application, Dental Trauma Tracker (DTT), was developed. This system involves a mobile application for general users to report TDIs and a Web application for researchers to generate epidemiological data. The DTT evaluation used mixed methods and was conducted in three phases: (a) validation of a trauma identification system using preselected TDI images; (b) design evaluation by experts; and (c) usability evaluation measured by the reporting of three fictitious TDI cases and using the System Usability Scale (SUS). RESULTS: In the first phase, 182 participants participated. Most images showed over 95% accuracy, indicating that they adequately represented the type of dentoalveolar trauma being evaluated (κ = 0.75). The design evaluation identified nine usability problems-four of them with a "High priority" to be fixed, four with "Low priority," and one "No fix necessary." A total of 29 volunteers participated in the usability evaluation. The mean time for users to complete all of the reports was 7.8 ± 3.0 minutes. Mean SUS score was 67.4 ± 21.9 (Range: 0-100; worst to best). The global agreement between cases registered with the gold standard was also "Substantial" (κ = 0.71). CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary evaluation confirmed the App's usability, using a sample of potential users, as well as reporting on the results of an expert panel review of the DTT. These are the minimum requirements necessary before further expansion and widespread implementation occurs to confirm these results.

Creación de un Currículo de Competencias en Cariología para Estudiantes de Pregrado de Odontología en Chile / Development of a Competency-based Curriculum in Cariology for Undergraduate Dental Students in Chile

RESUMEN: Objetivo: Creación de un currículo de competencias mínimas en Cariología, para la formación de los Cirujano-Dentistas egresados de las escuelas de Odontología de Chile. Metodologías: A partir de una reunión de académicos de las Universidades de Talca y de Chile (año 2011), se elaboró una propuesta de currículo inicial, basado en los dominios propuestos por la Unión Europea (Schulte AG y cols). Durante el año 2016, dicha propuesta fue analizada mediante diálogos digitales y grupos de trabajo, con la participación del 96% de las Escuelas de Odontología existentes en el país, que concluyeron en un documento intermedio. Este documento fue analizado, discutido y perfeccionado durante el Taller para el Desarrollo de un Currículo de Competencias Mínimas en Cariología para las Escuelas de Odontología Chilenas (22/Mayo/2017, Talca, organizado por la Universidad de Talca y la Universidad de Chile) con la asistencia de representantes del 96% de las escuelas dentales chilenas, Ministerio de Salud de Chile, Colegio de Cirujano-Dentistas de Chile y con la asesoría de los profesores de Cariología Dres. Margherita Fontana y Carlos González-Cabezas (Universidad de Michigan, Ann Arbor, EEUU). Cada grupo de trabajo revisó el documento y envió nuevos comentarios, los que fueron incorporados en el documento final por una comisión asesora. Resultados: El documento del Currículo en Cariología se organizó en 5 Dominios: 1. Conocimientos base; 2. Determinación de Riesgo, diagnóstico de caries y detección de lesiones de caries; 3. Toma de decisiones y manejo preventivo no operatorio; 4. Toma de decisiones y manejo operatorio y 5. Cariología basada en la evidencia, en la práctica clínica y de salud pública. Se consensuaron las definiciones operacionales, las competencias principales y las sub-competencias para cada uno de los dominios. Las sub-competencias fueron clasificadas en tres niveles: A: Ser competente en; B: Tener conocimientos sobre y C: Estar familiarizado con. El documento final fue enviado a todos los participantes del taller para su aprobación y difusión en cada una de las instituciones involucradas. Conclusiones: Se logró, por medio de consenso, la construcción del Currículo de Competencias mínimas en Cariología para estudiantes de pregrado de Odontología en las universidades chilenas.

ABSTRACT: Objective: Development of a minimum set of competencies in Cariology that every dentist graduated from a Dental School in Chile must have. Methodology: Starting from a meeting of scholars from the Universities of Talca and Chile (year 2011), an initial proposal for a curriculum was developed, based on the domains proposed by the European Cariology Curriculum (Schulte, et al, 2011). During 2016, this proposal was discussed through online dialogues and working groups, with the participation of 95.2% of the Chilean dental schools, which resulted in an intermediate document. This document was analyzed, discussed and refined during the Workshop for the Development of a Curriculum of Minimum Competencies in Cariology for Chilean Dental Schools (May 22, 2017, Talca, organized by the Universities of Talca and Chile) with the attendance of representatives from 95.2% of the Chilean dental schools, the Chilean Ministry of Health, Chilean College od Dentists and with the assistance of the professors of Cariology Margherita Fontana and Carlos González-Cabezas (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA). Each working group revised the document and provided feedback, which was incorporated in the final document by an advisory committee, elected on the day of the workshop, including the authors of the present article. Results: The Cariology Curriculum was organized in 5 Domains: 1. Basic knowledge; 2. Risk assessment, caries diagnosis and caries lesion detection; 3. Decision-making and non-operative preventive treatment; 4. Decision making and operative treatment; and 5. Evidence-based, clinical and public health practice. Operational definitions, main competencies and sub-competencies for each domain were agreed. Sub-competencies were classified into three levels: A: Be competent in; B: Have knowledge about, and C: Be familiar with. The final document was sent to all the participants of the workshop for dissemination in each of the institutions involved. Conclusions: The development of the Competency-based Curriculum in Cariology for undergraduate dental students at Chilean universities was achieved through consensus.

Guidelines for the Management of Traumatic Dental Injuries: 3. Injuries in the Primary Dentition.

Traumatic injuries to the primary dentition present special problems and the management is often different as compared with the permanent dentition. The International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) has developed a consensus statement after a review of the dental literature and group discussions. Experienced researchers and clinicians from various specialities were included in the task group. In cases where the data did not appear conclusive, recommendations were based on the consensus opinion or majority decision of the task group. Finally, the IADT board members were giving their opinion and approval. The primary goal of these guidelines is to delineate an approach for the immediate or urgent care for management of primary teeth injuries. The IADT cannot and does not guarantee favorable outcomes from strict adherence to the guidelines, but believe that their application can maximize the chances of a positive outcome.

Guidelines for the Management of Traumatic Dental Injuries: 3. Injuries in the Primary Dentition.

Traumatic injuries to the primary dentition present special problems and the management is often different as compared with the permanent dentition. The International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) has developed a consensus statement after a review of the dental literature and group discussions. Experienced researchers and clinicians from various specialities were included in the task group. In cases where the data did not appear conclusive, recommendations were based on the consensus opinion or majority decision of the task group. Finally, the IADT board members were giving their opinion and approval. The primary goal of these guidelines is to delineate an approach for the immediate or urgent care for management of primary teeth injuries. The IADT cannot and does not guarantee favorable outcomes from strict adherence to the guidelines, but believe that their application can maximize the chances of a positive outcome.

The future of pediatric dentistry education and curricula: a Chilean perspective.

BACKGROUND: A meeting was organised to consolidate a network of researchers and academics from Australia, Brazil, Chile, the UK and the USA, relating to Early Childhood Caries (ECC) and Dental Trauma (DT). As part of this meeting, a dedicated session was held on the future of paediatric dental education and curricula. Twenty-four paediatric dentistry (PD) academics, representing eight Chilean dental schools, and three international specialists (from Brazil and Latvia) participated in group discussions facilitated by five members of the ECC/DT International Collaborative Network. Data were collected from group discussions which followed themes developed as guides to identify key issues associated with paediatric dentistry education, training and research. DISCUSSION: Participants discussed current PD dental curricula in Chile, experiences in educating new cohorts of oral health care providers, and the outcomes of existing efforts in education and research in PD. They also, identified challenges, opportunities and areas in need of further development. This paper provides an introspective analysis of the education and training of PD in Chile; describes the input provided by participants into pediatric dentistry education and curricula; and sets out some key priorities for action with suggested directions to best prepare the future dental workforce to maximise oral health outcomes for children. Immediate priorities for action in paediatric dentistry in Chile were proposed.

Traumatic Dental Injuries in the primary dentition: a 15-year bibliometric analysis of Dental Traumatology.

AIM: To explore the profile of articles on traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in the primary dentition published in Dental Traumatology in the last 15 years using bibliometric analysis. METHODS: Three researchers read all titles and abstracts of articles published in Dental Traumatology between 2000 and 2014 (excluding editorials and letters) and selected all articles on TDI in the primary dentition. The articles were categorized according to year of publication, country in which the study was conducted, study design, and topics addressed. Divergences were resolved by consensus between the researchers. RESULTS: Among a total of 1257 articles published, 98 were initially excluded. Among the remaining 1159 articles, 152 (13.1%) focused on TDI in the primary dentition. The articles were conducted in 29 countries, with Brazil (38.8%) and Turkey (11.8%) accounting for the largest numbers. Cross-sectional studies (36.2%) and case report/case series (33.6%) were the most frequent study designs. Only two systematic reviews were published. The most commonly addressed topics were frequency/etiology/associated factors (36.8%), treatment (30.9%), and prognosis (19.7%). Among the articles addressing treatment, two-thirds were case reports or case series. The effects of TDI in primary teeth on their permanent successors were addressed in 20.4% of the articles (31/152). CONCLUSIONS: The number of articles on TDI in the primary dentition has increased, but remains low. The evaluation of study designs and topics addressed identified gaps that could contribute to the development of new studies on TDI in the primary dentition, especially cohort studies that evaluate risk factors, prognosis, and treatment.

International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 3. Injuries in the primary dentition.

Traumatic injuries to the primary dentition present special problems and the management is often different as compared with the permanent dentition. The International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) has developed a consensus statement after a review of the dental literature and group discussions. Experienced researchers and clinicians from various specialities were included in the task group. In cases where the data did not appear conclusive, recommendations were based on the consensus opinion or majority decision of the task group. Finally, the IADT board members were giving their opinion and approval. The primary goal of these guidelines is to delineate an approach for the immediate or urgent care for management of primary teeth injuries. The IADT cannot and does not guarantee favorable outcomes from strict adherence to the guidelines, but believe that their application can maximize the chances of a positive outcome.

SEM analysis of sealant penetration in posterior approximal enamel carious lesions in vivo.

PURPOSE: To study the microstructure of sealant penetration in the enamel of in vivo sealed approximal noncavitated incipient caries lesions with and without a preceding bonding step. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 26 proximal noncavitated caries lesions were sealed in vivo, using a sealant in 13 premolars with orthodontic indication of extraction. Each tooth was randomly assigned to mesial or distal surface application of a sealant in the lesion area and in surrounding sound enamel, with or without a bonding system. Four groups were analyzed: a nonbonding group in the lesion area (NBL); a nonbonding group in sound enamel (NBS); a bonding group in the lesion area (BL) and a bonding group in sound enamel (BS). The premolars were extracted after two weeks. All sealed areas were cut and demineralized with 37% hydrochloric acid for 24 h. For each group, the resin tags were observed and measured by scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: The lesion areas showed a very irregular resin network with twisted and curved tags in contrast to the sound enamel where a regular etching pattern was observed. The length of resin tags in microns for each group (mean +/-SD) was: NBG-L = 4.19 +/- 1.59; NBG-S = 5.49 +/- 2.49; BG-L = 4.57 +/- 1.99; and BG-S = 4.21 +/- 1.87. The differences between the groups were not statistically significant (p = 0.34). CONCLUSION: The use of a bonding system prior to the application of a pit and fissure sealant on both lesion and sound enamel areas does not increase the resin penetration length under non-contaminated conditions.

Therapeutic seal of approximal incipient noncavitated carious lesions: technique and case reports.

Sealing of incipient carious lesions in occlusal surfaces has been shown to arrest the progression of the lesions. In this report, we describe for approximal surfaces with noncavitated incipient lesions the clinical procedures for sealant application illustrating this minimally invasive method with 3 clinical cases and scanning electron microscopic images.