COVID-19 in otolaryngologists: a cross-sectional multicenter study

Abstract Introduction: The nose and throat are areas of high viral load, which could place otolaryngologists at an even higher risk for COVID-19 than other health-care workers. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in otorhinolaryngologists in southern Brazil, its relationship to demographic data, professional practice and reported symptoms of COVID-19, and compare it with official data on other health-care workers of the state and the general population in the same period. Methods: In this cross-sectional multicenter study, otolaryngologists actively practicing officially registered in Rio Grande do Sul were screened for IgM and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 from August 1 to September 15, 2020. A questionnaire was also applied. Results: We screened 358 (80.1%) of 447 actively practicing otolaryngologists (195 [54.5%] male; mean [SD] age, 47.77 [13.57] years; range, 26-84 years). Twenty-three were positive for IgM and/or IgG (6.4%). This result was significantly associated with reports of infected household contacts (19/315 negatives and 8/23 positives; p<0.001). From 23 seropositive participants, 14 were asymptomatic (60.9%; p< 0.001). There were no significant associations between seroconversion and age, sex, number of patient appointments and surgical procedures, workplace (hospital or private practice), patients with or without respiratory symptoms, or level of personal protective equipment used. The rate of COVID-19 in all health-care workers in the state was 7.69% at the end of the same period. Data from state government seroprevalence was 5.26 (risk ratio [RR]; 95% CI 3.27-8.45) and 4.66 (RR; 95% CI 2.93-7.43) times higher in otolaryngologists than in the general population in August and September, respectively. Conclusion: Otolaryngologists had a higher seroconversion rate than the general population. Using personal protective equipment, the level of occupational exposure did not result in higher rates of infection than other health-care workers, but the presence of infected household contacts was associated with higher rates of seroconversion.

COVID-19 in otolaryngologists: a cross-sectional multicenter study.

INTRODUCTION: The nose and throat are areas of high viral load, which could place otolaryngologists at an even higher risk for COVID-19 than other health-care workers. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in otorhinolaryngologists in southern Brazil, its relationship to demographic data, professional practice and reported symptoms of COVID-19, and compare it with official data on other health-care workers of the state and the general population in the same period. METHODS: In this cross-sectional multicenter study, otolaryngologists actively practicing officially registered in Rio Grande do Sul were screened for IgM and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 from August 1 to September 15, 2020. A questionnaire was also applied. RESULTS: We screened 358 (80.1%) of 447 actively practicing otolaryngologists (195 [54.5%] male; mean [SD] age, 47.77 [13.57] years; range, 26-84 years). Twenty-three were positive for IgM and/or IgG (6.4%). This result was significantly associated with reports of infected household contacts (19/315 negatives and 8/23 positives; p < 0.001). From 23 seropositive participants, 14 were asymptomatic (60.9%; p < 0.001). There were no significant associations between seroconversion and age, sex, number of patient appointments and surgical procedures, workplace (hospital or private practice), patients with or without respiratory symptoms, or level of personal protective equipment used. The rate of COVID-19 in all health-care workers in the state was 7.69% at the end of the same period. Data from state government seroprevalence was 5.26 (risk ratio [RR]; 95% CI 3.27-8.45) and 4.66 (RR; 95% CI 2.93-7.43) times higher in otolaryngologists than in the general population in August and September, respectively. CONCLUSION: Otolaryngologists had a higher seroconversion rate than the general population. Using personal protective equipment, the level of occupational exposure did not result in higher rates of infection than other health-care workers, but the presence of infected household contacts was associated with higher rates of seroconversion.

Hypopharyngeal packing during adenotonsillectomy by cold dissection in children: a randomized controlled trial.

PURPOSE: Nausea and vomiting occur in up to 70% of children after adenotonsillectomy, ingested blood during procedure being one of the reasons for emesis. Hypopharyngeal packing (HP) is a common practice among otolaryngologists to prevent blood from being swallowed, but studies in nasal surgeries in adults failed to show efficacy of this technique in reducing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). There are no studies evaluating the effect of HP in adenotonsillectomy in children. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy HP during adenotonsillectomy in children in the prevention of PONV. METHODS: This is a randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial. Children aged 4-16 years, scheduled for adenotonsillectomy due to sleep-disordered breathing were enrolled in Hospital da Criança Santo Antônio (Brazil). 192 participants were screened, while 129 were enrolled and completed follow-up for primary outcome. Patients were randomized in a consecutive manner to receive HP or not during adenotonsillectomy. PONV occurrence was assessed in the first 24 h after surgery in HP and control group and relative risk with 95% confidence interval was calculated. RESULTS: There were 129 patients randomized, 64 in the HP and 65 in the control group. Female were 40.3% and mean ± SD age was 7.3 ± 2.9. Baseline characteristics and surgery variables were distributed similarly between the groups. Incidence of PONV was 20.3% in the HP and 23.1% in the control group. The relative risk for PONV was 0.88 (95% CI 0.46-1.70). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that there is no benefit of HP during adenotonsillectomy in children for the prevention of PONV. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Brazilian Register of Randomized Trials (REBEC) identifier: RBR-3zjn27; Universal Trial Number U1111-1197-7461.

Tratamento cirúrgico de laringomalácia: casuística de hospital pediátrico terciário / Laryngomalacia surgery: a series from a tertiary pediatric hospital

Laringomalácia é o colapso supraglótico durante a inspiração; é responsável por até 75% dos casos de estridor em crianças de até 30 meses. O achado característico é estridor inspiratório; até 20% dos pacientes apresentam quadros graves, sendo necessária intervenção cirúrgica. A supraglotoplastia é o procedimento de escolha e se considera a presença de comorbidades como o maior fator prognóstico para o sucesso da cirurgia. OBJETIVOS: Descrever a casuística de hospital pediátrico terciário, índices de sucesso e analisando fatores prognósticos cirúrgicos. MÉTODO: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo. Incluídos 20 pacientes submetidos à supraglotoplastia no período de julho de 2007 a maio de 2011. RESULTADOS: Dos 20 pacientes, 13 (65%) eram do sexo masculino; a média de idade no procedimento foi de 6,32 meses. Na endoscopia, 12 apresentavam associações de tipos de laringomalácia, 40% apresentavam faringomalácia associada e três apresentavam também traqueomalácia. Treze crianças apresentavam laringomalácia isolada e sete pacientes apresentavam doença do refluxo gastroesofágico. Quinze (75%) pacientes foram submetidos à ressecção de pregas ariepiglóticas. Após o procedimento, 11 pacientes ficaram assintomáticos e dois necessitaram traqueostomia. A presença de comorbidades foi a variável preditora de desfecho desfavorável pós-operatório (p = 0,034). CONCLUSÃO: A supraglotoplastia é um procedimento seguro para tratamento de laringomalácia em casos selecionados.

Laryngomalacia is the condition responsible for 75% of the cases of stridor in children aged up to 30 months, in which there is supraglottic collapse during inhalation. Inspiratory stridor is a characteristic telltale. As many as 20% of the patients are severely affected and require surgery. Supraglottoplasty is the procedure of choice and the presence of comorbidities is the most relevant prognostic factor for surgery success. OBJECTIVE: To describe a series in a tertiary pediatric hospital, its success rates, and surgery prognostic factors. METHOD: This retrospective cohort study enrolled 20 patients submitted to supraglottoplasty between July 2007 and May 2011. RESULTS: Thirteen (65%) patients were males; mean age at the time of the procedure was 6.32 months. Endoscopic examination showed that 12 subjects had combined forms of laryngomalacia, 40% had associated pharyngomalacia, and three also had tracheomalacia. Thirteen subjects had isolated laryngomalacia and seven had gastroesophageal reflux disease. Fifteen (75%) patients underwent aryepiglottic fold resection. After the procedure, eleven patients were asymptomatic and two required tracheostomy. Presence of comorbidities was the strongest predictor of unfavorable postoperative outcome (p = 0.034). CONCLUSION: Supraglottoplasty is a safe therapeutical procedure for select patients with laryngomalacia.

Laryngomalacia surgery: a series from a tertiary pediatric hospital.

UNLABELLED: Laryngomalacia is the condition responsible for 75% of the cases of stridor in children aged up to 30 months, in which there is supraglottic collapse during inhalation. Inspiratory stridor is a characteristic telltale. As many as 20% of the patients are severely affected and require surgery. Supraglottoplasty is the procedure of choice and the presence of comorbidities is the most relevant prognostic factor for surgery success. OBJECTIVE: To describe a series in a tertiary pediatric hospital, its success rates, and surgery prognostic factors. METHOD: This retrospective cohort study enrolled 20 patients submitted to supraglottoplasty between July 2007 and May 2011. RESULTS: Thirteen (65%) patients were males; mean age at the time of the procedure was 6.32 months. Endoscopic examination showed that 12 subjects had combined forms of laryngomalacia, 40% had associated pharyngomalacia, and three also had tracheomalacia. Thirteen subjects had isolated laryngomalacia and seven had gastroesophageal reflux disease. Fifteen (75%) patients underwent aryepiglottic fold resection. After the procedure, eleven patients were asymptomatic and two required tracheostomy. Presence of comorbidities was the strongest predictor of unfavorable postoperative outcome (p = 0.034). CONCLUSION: Supraglottoplasty is a safe therapeutical procedure for select patients with laryngomalacia.

Prognosis of aortic valve sclerosis in cardiovascular mortality of patients seen at the cardiology institute of Rio Grande do Sul.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prognostic effect of aortic valve sclerosis on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality of patients seen at the Cardiology Institute of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul from 1996 to 2000. METHODS: A historical cohort study using information from both the database of the Echocardiography Laboratory of the Cardiology Hospital and the Death Registry of Rio Grande do Sul Health Department. The evaluation was carried out from 1996 to 2000. Study endpoints were all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. RESULTS: A total of 8585 patients were analyzed, 2154 (25%) of whom had aortic valve sclerosis. Mean follow-up was 41+/-6 months, and all-cause and cardiovascular deaths were 299 (3.5%) and 95 (1.1%), respectively. The group of patients with aortic valve sclerosis had more segmental cardiomyopathy, ventricular dysfunction, ventricular enlargement, and ventricular hypertrophy; yet, they did not show higher risk for all-cause or cardiovascular mortality in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: The presence of aortic valve sclerosis was not associated with increased risk for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the population studied.

Prognóstico da esclerose valvar aórtica na mortalidade cardíaca de pacientes atendidos no instituto de cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul / Prognosis of aortic valve sclerosis in cardiovascular mortality of patients seen at the cardiology institute of Rio Grande do Sul

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito prognóstico da esclerose valvular aórtica na mortalidade e morte de causa cardíaca de pacientes atendidos no Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul nos anos de 1996 a 2000. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte histórico que utilizou informações contidas nos bancos de dados do laboratório de ecocardiografia do Hospital de Cardiologia e nos Registros de Obitos da Secretária da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul. O período de avaliação foi de 1996 a 2000. Os desfechos foram morte e morte de causa cardíaca. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 8.585 casos, dos quais 2.154 (25 por cento) eram portadores de esclerose valvular aórtica. O tempo de seguimento médio foi de 41±6 meses, e a ocorrência de morte e morte cardíaca foram respectivamente, de 299 (3,5 por cento) e 95 (1,1 por cento). O grupo de pacientes com esclerose valvular aórtica apresentou mais miocardiopatia segmentar, disfunção ventricular, aumento ventricular e hipertrofia ventricular, e não apresentou, entretanto, maior risco de morte ou morte de causa cardíaca quando feita análise de multivariança. CONCLUSÃO: A presença de esclerose valvular aórtica não aumentou o risco de morte e de morte de causa cardíaca na população estudada.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prognostic effect of aortic valve sclerosis on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality of patients seen at the Cardiology Institute of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul from 1996 to 2000. METHODS: A historical cohort study using information from both the database of the Echocardiography Laboratory of the Cardiology Hospital and the Death Registry of Rio Grande do Sul Health Department. The evaluation was carried out from 1996 to 2000. Study endpoints were all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. RESULTS: A total of 8585 patients were analyzed, 2154 (25 percent) of whom had aortic valve sclerosis. Mean follow-up was 41±6 months, and all-cause and cardiovascular deaths were 299 (3.5 percent) and 95 (1.1 percent), respectively. The group of patients with aortic valve sclerosis had more segmental cardiomyopathy, ventricular dysfunction, ventricular enlargement, and ventricular hypertrophy; yet, they did not show higher risk for all-cause or cardiovascular mortality in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: The presence of aortic valve sclerosis was not associated with increased risk for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the population studied.