[30 Years of the Tragedy in Chernobyl. Clinical and Immunological Effects in Liquidators of Consequences of the Chernobyl Accident. Main Results of Long-Term Monitoring].

Results of long-term immunological monitoring of liquidators of consequences of the Chernobyl accident and the revealed regularities are presented. Earlier the unknown phenomenon of the activating influence of radiation at small doses on the T-cellular link of the immune status (IS), mainly on T-lymphocytes/helper was for the first time established. This phenomenon came to light among participants of LPA working in an extreme situation of 1986 in the zones of the CN PP and further was confirmed by inspection of the personnel of a 30-km zone of the CNPP in 1990; the personnel at radiation dangerous nuclear power plants and the population living near these objects, the population polluted by radionuclides on the territories of the Bryansk region. This effect in the presence of clinical symptoms which can be caused by influence of a radiation factor was most expressed. Prognostic value of the changes in the development of IS immune insufficiency (ID), cellular and humoral link in the near future after taking part in clean-up workers are established. These laws have a theoretical value for immunology and radiobiology, and practical health care as well, as the formation of a phenotype of IS defines approaches to immunoprophylactics and immunocorrection, as in extreme situations, and in the following years. During the delayed periods development of an imbalance, immune in- sufficiency in T-lymphocytes and natural killer cells is revealed. By the end of the 3rd - the beginning of the 4th fifth anniversary after the accident the high frequency of clinical manifestations of immune dysfunction and chronic somatic diseases was defined. The immunological characteristic of an immunoproliferative syn- drome that allowed one to reveal predictors of early diagnostics of malignant new growths in immune status is for the first time established. Clinical-immunological signs of early aging of liquidators and features of changes in liquidators in the lipidic status depending on the age and risk factors of Chernobyl accident are revealed. Features of antiviral protection of an organism ofliquidators that is defined by changes in the cluster of genes of cytokines (IL28A, IL28B and IL29) localized on the 19th chromosome (19ql3) of the person are established. Establishment of genotypes can be associated with a positive effect of treatment, steady and long remission of GVI.

The Content of ROS in Blood Lymphocytes of Healthy Individuals, Individuals Irradiated as a Result of Chernobyl Disaster and Patients with Prostate Cancer.

The ROS concentration and proliferation activity (Ki67 expression.marker) have been studied in the periphery blood lymphocytes of Moscow and Obninsk citizens, donors, Chernobyl disaster liquidators, inhabitants of the region contaminated after Chernobyl disaster (Klincy) and individuals with prostate cancer. It was shown that ROS concentration in lymphocytes of the liquidators and residents of the polluted region was lowered. But in lymphocytes of patients with tumors the ROS content was higher in comparison with the control. The cell content with Ki67 expression in lymphocytes of the individuals resided in the polluted region and tumor patients was lowered.

[Influence of Professional Contact with Plutonium-239 on Indicators of the Immune Status of the Personnel at Siberian Chemical Plant].

The results of the examination and monitoring of the personnel at the Siberian Chemical Plant (SChP) and adult population of Seversk are presented. The results of primary examination of the personnel who professionally contact the ionizing radiation (IR) from external sources and incorporated 239Pu showed that clinical symptoms of dysfunction of the immune system manifested themselves with a frequency of 75.30%. Infectious-inflammatory diseases (46.95%) and the combined pathology of infectious and allergic character (20.12%) were the most widespread. The allergic diseases (AD) without manifestations of an infectious component were observed not often (7.62%). The monitoring which was carried out for 10 years revealed a decrease in a percentage of persons with clinical signs of disorders of the immune system up to 60.68% among the personnel at the Chemical-Steel Plant and even more among the whole group of the studied personnel at SChP--49.68% (389 : 783). Among the population their frequency made up 51.78%. Features of clinical manifestations of dysfunction ofthe immune system depending on accumulation of 239Pu in the organism are established. Similar dynamics of infectious and infectious and allergic syndromes is revealed when the activity of 239Pu is 40 nCi. AD frequency reliably increased .when the activity of 239Pu is 20 nCi, but if accumulation is higher than 20-40 nCi it decreases and again increases when the activity is over 40 nCi. Pathologies of infectious and allergic genesis are most often observed when the content of 239Pu in an organism is over 40 nCi. Indicators of the immune status (IS) of the personnel at SChP with incorporated 239Pu are analyzed. 59 people--carriers of 239Pu and 408 people without 239Pu accumulated in an organism are examined. In comparison with the control, IS indicators characteristic for all dose loading groups are revealed: increase of lymphocytes, existence of dissociation in indicators of relative and absolute values of the T-cellular link, CD16+56+(-) NK-cells and B-lymphocytes with increase of absolute values, decrease in markers of activation of HLA-DR+ and CD95+, increase of B-lymphocytes and low level of serum IgM. Features of IS in comparison with the group of the personnel with the absence of 239Pu in an organism and indicators of IS which depend on the activity of 239Pu are established. Among them are a decrease in the percentage of persons with increased number of lymphocytes with increased beam loading; increase of NK-T-cells when the activity of 239Pu is 10-20 nCi and the highest value at doses over40 nCi; the dynamics of CD16+56(+)-lymphocytes with the increase of the contents and a percentage of persons with the increase of the activity above 40 nCi; the highest frequenc of a regulatory imbalance with high frequency decrease of CD8(+)-T-lymphocytes at the content of 239Pu > 0-10 nCi; decrease in indicators of B-lymphocytes and serum IgA with an increase in the activity of 239Pu with the lowest values under internal radiation over 40 nCi; decrease in the percentage of persons with a weakening expression of HLA-DR+ with the increase in dose loading.