Bioavailability and Safety of Dihydroquercetin (Review).

Dihydroquercetin (DHQ) is a bioflavonoid with high antioxidant, capillary-protective, and anti-inflammatory activity. DHQ has previously been used for treating Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection and is currently considered a potential regulator of oxidative stress as part of COVID-19 multipurpose therapy. DHQ has a high safety profile but low bioavailability that limits its use. Innovative techniques (liposomization, crystal engineering, etc.) can be used to increase its bioavailability.

[Dynamics of viral hepatitis A morbidity in Minsk].

The results of the analysis of hepatitis A morbidity during the period of 1996 - 2001, are presented. The cyclic character of this morbidity in its dynamics over the period of several years was noted with the maximum morbidity level reached in 2000. The monthly dynamics of hepatitis A morbidity reflected its seasonal character with the maximum increase in autumn and winter. The virological control of drinking water revealed its contamination in spring and summer, with no subsequent rise in morbidity. The control of sewage reflected the emergence of the virus in the city collector in accordance with the increased morbidity.

[The new approaches to understanding of neurohumoral regulation in overweight and ways of its correction]. / Novye podkhody k ponimaniiu neirogumoral'noi reguliatsii pri izbytochnoi masse tela i sposoby ee korrektsii.

The clinical study reflex of food specific dynamic effect food SDE reflex phase in various forms of obesity permit differential diagnosing and choosing of special diet therapy with the use of various biologically active food supplements.

Viral water contamination as the cause of aseptic meningitis outbreak in Belarus.

In the recent years Echovirus-30 associated outbreaks have taken place in different European countries. Aseptic meningitis caused by Echovirus-30 was the main diagnosis of a large outbreak in Belarus in Summer-Autumn, 1997, involving 460 patients. Echovirus-30 was detected in cerebrospinal fluid of the patients with aseptic meningitis. This serotype played the dominant role in the outbreak. Minor serotypes and mixtures of enteroviruses were detected in faeces and nasopharyngeal lavages. Investigation of environmental samples gave evidence of expressed viral contamination of drinking water and water sources (river and ground sources). River water sources were considerably contaminated with viruses. The incidence of virus isolation was 50%. After cleaning procedures, the incidence became two times lower, proving imperfect water purification and disinfection procedures. Sequence analysis of isolates from Belarus (isolates from water and patient's cerebrospinal fluid) showed the difference of 0.2%. The outbreak peculiarities such as high attack rate and wide-spread of the disease incidences, clinical form variability, isolation of outbreak strain from water and a good agreement between minor serotypes isolated from faeces and water samples as well as correlation in the dynamics of acute intestine infections, aseptic meningitis morbidity and bacterial water contamination can be considered as evidence of its water-borne. Echovirus-30 isolates from Belarus were very closely related to each other and to several European isolates. Sequence difference between isolates of 1994-1998 from European countries was found to be 4.3%. The data can point to the common primary source of enterovirus infection, connected to water and to the possibility of epidemic strain transmission from neighbouring states to the Republic of Belarus.

[Water-borne outbreak of serous meningitis caused by Echovirus-30 in Belarus]. / Vodnaia vspyshka seroznogo meningita, vyzvannaia virosom Echo-30, v Belarus.

In recent years outbreak of enterovirus infections caused by Echovirus-30 were rather frequently registered in different European countries. A major outbreak caused by this virus took place during the summer-autumn period of 1997 in the city of Gomel, Belarus. Sanitary epidemiological and molecular epidemiological studies made it possible to determine that the outbreak was water-borne. The sequence analysis of Echovirus-30 strains isolated from water and the cerebrospinal fluid of patients revealed a minor divergence between them (0.2%) indicative of their practical identity. The comparison of the Belorussian isolates with the strains isolated in Europe in 1994-1998 also showed a small percentage of differences in their genomes, which showed that the outbreak of Echovirus-30 infection was probably brought to Belarus from the territories of European countries.

[Active aluminum oxide--a new adsorbent for concentrating intestinal viruses from water]. / Aktivnyi oksid aliuminiia--novyi adsorbent dlia kontsentrirovaniia kishechnykh virusov iz vody.

Concentrating properties of a new adsorbent, active aluminum oxide, towards poliomyelitis virus type III and simian rotavirus are studied using virus contamination of sewage and drinking water. Optimal concentrations of the adsorbent for effective adsorption of both rota- and polioviruses are established (1.5 and 1 g/liter, respectively) at pH typical of sewage and drinking water (7.0-8.5), as well as the optimal time of virus contact with the adsorbent (30 min). Elution conditions are determined: 3% elution agent beef extract and pH 8.5-9.5 are optimal for both viruses. Active aluminum oxide is recommended as an adsorbent for elimination of enteroviruses from water objects.

[Role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in diet therapy of children with allergic diseases]. / Rol' polinenasyshchennykh zhirnykh kislot v lechebnom pitanii detei s allergicheskimi zabolevaniiami.

135 pediatric patients receiving hypoallergic diet were included into the study group. The control group consisted of 20 children. The impact of PUFA omega-3 biologically active supplements (polyen, prima-Oil) was studied in hypoallergic rations. Biochemical indices were simultaneously investigated. The revealed dynamic changes of fatty acid spectrum in plasma and red cell membranes, cellular and humoral immunity status and eicosanoids synthesis were followed by positive clinical changes. Diets enriched with biologically active supplementation (PUPA omega-3) can be recommended for application in pediatric practice.

[Virus-induced dyslipidemias as possible risk factors in the development of somatic diseases]. / Virusindutsirovannye dislipidemii kak vozmozhnye faktory riska v razvitii somaticheskikh zabolevanii.

Experimental and clinical studies showed a number of virus infections to be accompanied by lipidemic disorders. Experimentally, dyslipidemias were found in tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in mice, rotavirus infection in rabbits, and amyotrophic leukospongiosis in guinea pigs. The possibility of correcting the virus-induced lipidemic disorders with an antiviral drug, lincomycin, was demonstrated in TBE in mice. Dynamic study of the lipidemic status of patients with virus hepatitis A revealed marked dyslipidemia of the atherogenic type which was stable and persisted up to the time of clinical recovery. The data obtained supplement the current concepts concerning the pathogenesis of virus infections.

[New properties of trental as an inhibitor of viral activity with a wide range of activity]. / Novye svoistva trentala kak ingibitor virusnoi aktivnosti shirokogo spektra deistviia.

Experimental investigations on the spectrum and degree of the expression of trental antiviral activity were carried out. The investigations were done in cell cultures and laboratory animals using laboratory strains (including drug-resistant ones) of 13 viruses, causative agents of human and animal infections. The drug demonstrated its activity against 8 viruses of 7 families. It was highly active against 5 viruses: herpes simplex virus (including its acyclovir-resistant strain), vaccinia virus (including its methisazone-resistant strain), rotavirus and tick-borne encephalitis virus. As regards other viruses, its activity was less pronounced (hepatitis JA virus) or low (vesicular stomatitis virus, West Nile virus). It was concluded that, being a cardiovascular drug, trental was an effective broad spectrum virus inhibitor.

[Seasonal dynamics of the indices of humoral immunity in children aged 3 months to 1 year in relation to nutrition in an arid zone]. / Sezonnaia dinamika pokazatelei gumoral'nogoimmuniteta detei v vozraste ot 3 mes do 1 goda s uchetom pitaniia v usloviiakh aridnoi zony.

The paper reports seasonal data on humoral immunity of 245 Turkmen and 240 European infants aged 3-12 months. Allowances were made for climatic conditions of the arid zone and essential feeding. In summer there were reduced levels of IgM, IgG in the serum and insufficient supply with thiamine and ascorbic acid. IgA serum level was the lowest in spring. IgA strongly correlated (r = 0.7-0.8) with thiamine and ascorbic acid intake in spring, IgM and IgG with retinol and thiamine in summer. The above changes in humoral immunity in summer are associated with growing incidence of intestinal diseases and lower body mass in the infants in the condition of arid zone.

[Immunization of rabbits with Lassa virus]. / Immunizatsiia krolikov virusom Lassa.

The parameters of humoral and cell-mediated immunity after inoculation of the infectious and inactivated antigen of Lassa virus to rabbits which are insusceptible to this infection were studied. Lassa virus antigen was demonstrated to induce synthesis of specific antibodies in rabbits the level of which was proportional to the dose of inoculation and the time of immunization. The results of leukocyte blastogenesis test and delayed type hypersensitivity test confirm the development of sensitization to inactivated Lassa virus in immune rabbits.

[Experimental infection caused by Machupo virus in intact and immunosuppressed albino mice]. / Eksperimental'naia infektsiia, vyzyvaemaia virusom Machupo u intaktnykh i immunosupressirovannykh belykh myshei.

Features of the course of experimental infection in white mice caused by Machupo virus in relation to their age, route of virus inoculation, and under conditions of normal and suppressed immune response created by antithymocyte globulin (ATG) were studied. The effect of different ATG doses and intervals of its administration on the experimental infection were demonstrated.

[Pathogenicity of the Lassa virus for laboratory mice]. / Patogennost' virusa Lassa dlia laboratornykh myshei.

Pathogenicity for randombred and inbred mice of various age groups of the standard Lassa virus and the virus enriched with defective interfering particles (DIP) was studied. The standard Lassa virus inoculated intracerebrally caused 100% death of C3H/Sn mice aged up to 4 weeks and 60%-70% death of randombred white mice aged 3-4 weeks. BALB/C mice were found to be nonsusceptible to the virus, and its lethality for C57BL/6 and AKR mice varied within the range of 30%-60%. Lassa virus enriched with DIP caused no death of the susceptible animals and showed poor protective activity against the standard virus.

[Inhibition of the accumulation of the Lassa virus in Vero cells by immune gamma globulin and complement]. / Podavlenie nakopleniia virusa Lassa v kletkakh Vero immunnym gamma-globulinom i komplementom.

Specific inhibition of Lassa virus replication in Vero cells was found to be better achieved with immune gamma globulin in combination with complement than with gamma globulin alone. According to the authors, the inhibitory effect of these preparations is due to the cyto-destructive action of antibodies and complement on the infected cells.