Pedigree analysis of Mexican families with Fabry disease as a powerful tool for identification of heterozygous females.

Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disease caused by α-galactosidase A deficiency; in contrast to other X-linked diseases, heterozygous females can be as affected as men. The construction and analysis of a family pedigree is a powerful tool to aid clinicians in diagnosis, establishment of inheritance pattern, and early detection of potentially affected relatives. The present study highlights the importance of pedigree analysis in families with FD for identifying other possibly affected relatives and investigating the clinical manifestations. This clinical report included 12 Mexican index cases with confirmed FD diagnosis. We constructed and analyzed their pedigree, and diagnosed FD in 24 affected relatives. Clinical features were similar to those reported for other populations. Pedigree analysis further identified an additional 30 women as possible carriers. We conclude that pedigree construction and analysis is a useful tool to help physicians detect and diagnose relatives at risk for FD, particularly heterozygous females, so that they can receive genetic counseling and early treatment. Mexican families with FD were similar to other populations reported in the literature, and our findings confirmed that heterozygous females can have signs and symptoms ranging from subtle manifestations to the classical severe presentation described in males.

Association of the FTO gene SNP rs17817449 with body fat distribution in Mexican women.

Polymorphisms in the FTO gene are associated with obesity, body mass index, hip circumference, and visceral and subcutaneous fat area. The objective of this study was to analyze the association of the FTO rs17817449 genetic variant (T>G polymorphism) with body fat distribution patterns in women. We included 65 women and 71 healthy subjects in this study. Anthropometric parameters were determined and laboratory studies were performed. The polymorphism was detected by a PCR-RFLP method. The groups were categorized by type of body fat distribution: gynoid (N = 29) and android (N = 36). We found that the FTO gene polymorphism was not associated with body fat distribution according to the type of obesity (P > 0.05). The contribution of G and T alleles among groups indicated no statistically significant differences between the reference and gynoid group [P = 0.93; odds ratio (OR) = 0.97; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.46-2.02] and the reference and android group (P = 0.56; OR = 1.20; 95%CI = 0.54-2.82). Thorax circumference and thorax breast circumference were significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.009 and 0.021, respectively) with the genotype TT. We conclude that the FTO rs17817449 TT genotype predisposes individuals to fat deposition in the thoracic and breast region; individuals carrying this genotype had a decrease in thoracic and breast dimensions indirectly causing the gynoid phenotype in Mexican women.

Contribution of GSTM1, GSTT1, and MTHFR polymorphisms to end-stage renal disease of unknown etiology in Mexicans.

Oxidative stress is increased in chronic kidney disease, owing to an imbalance between the oxidative and antioxidant pathways as well as a state of persistent hyperhomocysteinemia. The enzymes glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) are implicated in the regulation of these pathways. This study investigates the association between polymorphisms in the Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (GSTM1), glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1), and MTHFR genes and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) of unknown etiology in patients in Mexico. A Case-control study included 110 ESRD patients and 125 healthy individuals. GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes were determined using the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The MTHFR C677T polymorphism was studied using a PCR/restriction fragment length polymorphism method. In ESRD patients, GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype frequencies were 61% and 7% respectively. GSTM1 genotype frequencies differed significantly between groups, showing that homozygous deletion of the GSTM1 gene was associated with susceptibility to ESRD of unknown etiology (P = 0.007, odds ratios = 2.05, 95% confidence interval 1.21-3.45). The MTHFR C677T polymorphism genotype and allele distributions were similar in both groups (P > 0.05), and the CT genotype was the most common genotype in both groups (45.5% and 46.6%). Our findings suggest that the GSTM1 null polymorphism appears to be associated with the ESRD of unknown etiology in patients in Mexico.

Neuhauser syndrome: a rare association of megalocornea and mental retardation. Review of the literature and further phenotype delineation.

Megalocornea can be observed as an isolated abnormality that is inherited by an X-linked mechanism, or it can be associated with other entities. Megalocornea-mental retardation syndrome, also known as Neuhauser syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive congenital disorder that presents with megalocornea, mental retardation, hypotonia, and facial dysmorphism, among other signs. With the report of this new case, and after an extensive review of the literature, we attempt to delineate the Neuhauser syndrome phenotype.