Impact of a prenatal education intervention in pregnant women to prevent overweight in infants.

INTRODUCTION: During the first 1000 days of life is the basis for a child's future health established. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of a prenatal educational intervention in pregnant women on the nutritional status of the child from birth to 4 months of age. METHODS: Quasi-experimental intervention design in women with at least 12 weeks of gestation, who were randomly assigned to an intervention group (IG) to participate in five group and three individual sessions on feeding practices and maternal perception of the child's weight and signals of hunger-satiety; the control group (CG) received routine care that included at least three prenatal consultations. RESULTS: Thirty women were included in each group. After the intervention, women in the CG practiced less exclusive breastfeeding, were more likely to underestimate or overestimate the children's weight, and perceived hunger-satiety signals with less intensity (p < 0.05). 80 % of the infants in the IG had normal weight, whereas 63 % of those in the CG had a combination of overweight and obesity (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The prenatal education program in pregnant women showed a significant effect on postnatal nutritional status of infants four months after birth.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Durante los primeros 1000 días de vida se establece la base para la salud futura de un niño. OBJETIVO: Evaluar el impacto de una intervención educativa prenatal en mujeres embarazadas sobre el estado nutricional del hijo desde el nacimiento hasta los cuatro meses de edad. MÉTODOS: Diseño cuasiexperimental de intervención con mujeres a partir de la semana 12 de gestación, asignadas aleatoriamente a un grupo de intervención (GI) para recibir cinco sesiones grupales y tres individuales sobre prácticas de alimentación y percepción materna del peso del hijo y de señales de hambre-saciedad; el grupo control (GC) recibió atención de rutina que incluía al menos tres consultas prenatales. RESULTADOS: 30 mujeres conformaron cada grupo. Después de la intervención, las mujeres del GC practicaron menos lactancia materna exclusiva, fueron propensas a subestimar o sobrestimar el peso del hijo y percibieron con menor intensidad las señales de hambre-saciedad (p < 0.05). El 80 % de los lactantes del GI presentaron peso normal y 63 % de los niños del GC, una combinación de sobrepeso y obesidad (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONES: El programa de educación prenatal en mujeres embarazadas mostró un efecto significativo en el estado nutricional de los lactantes después de cuatro meses del nacimiento.

Impacto de una intervención de educación prenatal en mujeres embarazadas para prevenir el sobrepeso en lactantes / Impact of a prenatal education intervention in pregnant women to prevent overweight in infants

Resumen Introducción: Durante los primeros 1000 días de vida se establece la base para la salud futura de un niño. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de una intervención educativa prenatal en mujeres embarazadas sobre el estado nutricional del hijo desde el nacimiento hasta los cuatro meses de edad. Métodos: Diseño cuasiexperimental de intervención con mujeres a partir de la semana 12 de gestación, asignadas aleatoriamente a un grupo de intervención (GI) para recibir cinco sesiones grupales y tres individuales sobre prácticas de alimentación y percepción materna del peso del hijo y de señales de hambre-saciedad; el grupo control (GC) recibió atención de rutina que incluía al menos tres consultas prenatales. Resultados: 30 mujeres conformaron cada grupo. Después de la intervención, las mujeres del GC practicaron menos lactancia materna exclusiva, fueron propensas a subestimar o sobrestimar el peso del hijo y percibieron con menor intensidad las señales de hambre-saciedad (p < 0.05). El 80 % de los lactantes del GI presentaron peso normal y 63 % de los niños del GC, una combinación de sobrepeso y obesidad (p < 0.05). Conclusiones: El programa de educación prenatal en mujeres embarazadas mostró un efecto significativo en el estado nutricional de los lactantes después de cuatro meses del nacimiento.

Abstract Introduction: During the first 1000 days of life is the basis for a child‘s future health established. Objective: To evaluate the impact of a prenatal educational intervention in pregnant women on the nutritional status of the child from birth to 4 months of age. Methods: Quasi-experimental intervention design in women with at least 12 weeks of gestation, who were randomly assigned to an intervention group (IG) to participate in five group and three individual sessions on feeding practices and maternal perception of the child’s weight and signals of hunger-satiety; the control group (CG) received routine care that included at least three prenatal consultations. Results: Thirty women were included in each group. After the intervention, women in the CG practiced less exclusive breastfeeding, were more likely to underestimate and overestimate the children’s weight, and perceived hunger-satiety signals with less intensity (p < 0.05). 80 % of the infants in the IG had normal weight, whereas 63 % of those in the CG had a combination of overweight and obesity (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The prenatal education program in pregnant women showed a significant effect on postnatal nutritional status of infants four months after birth.

Predictores maternos del índice de masa corporal del hijo pre-escolar y escolar / Maternal Predictors of Body Mass Index of pre-school and school age children.

El objetivo fue identificar variables maternas predictoras del índice de masa corporal (IMC) del hijo. Se consideraron variables: a) socio-demográficas (edad, escolaridad, ocupación, estado marital e ingreso económico familiar), b) antropométricas (IMC) y c) estrategias de crianza (monitoreo y límites en alimentación, monitoreo y límites de conductas sedentarias, disciplina y control en alimentación). Se realizó un estudio correlacional predictivo con 537 diadas (madre-hijo). Los hijos inscritos en 4 escuelas públicas (2 de nivel pre-escolar y 2 de primaria) fueron seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio probabilístico. Las madres respondieron la Escala Estrategias de Crianza de Alimentación y Actividad, proporcionaron información socio demográfica y se midió peso y talla a cada diada. Los datos se analizaron por correlaciones y análisis de senderos. Se encontró que las madres tenían edad promedio de 34.25 años (DE=6.91), escolaridad 12.40 años (DE=3.36). El 53.3% refirió ser ama de casa y el 46.7% tener trabajo remunerado fuera del hogar. El 38.5% presentó pre-obesidad y el 27.3% algún grado de obesidad. La edad promedio del hijo fue 7.26 años (DE =2.46). El 3.2% presentó bajo peso, el 59.6% peso normal y el 37.2% sobrepeso-obesidad. Se encontró que trabajar fuera del hogar, tener mayor IMC materno, menor control y mayor disciplina en la alimentación son variables predictoras de mayor IMC del hijo. Se recomienda diseñar intervenciones para reducir y tratar el sobrepeso-obesidad infantil considerando los predictores encontrados.

The objective was to identify maternal variables that could be used as predictors of the child’s body mass index (BMI). We considered the following variables: a) socio-demographic (age, education, occupation, marital status and family income); b) anthropometric (BMI); and c) upbringing strategies (monitoring and limits for eating habits, monitoring and sedentary behavior limits, discipline and control in feeding. A predictive correlational study was carried out with 537 dyads (motherchild). Children enrolled in 4 public schools (2 for pre-school children and 2 for primary school children) were selected for probabilistic, random sampling. The mothers answered the Feeding and Activity Upbringing Strategies Scale, giving socio-demographic information and the dyads’ weight and height was measured. The data were analyzed for correlations and path analysis. It was found that the average age of mothers was 34.25 years (SD=6.91), with 12.40 years of education (SD=3.36), 53.3% mentioned that they were housewives and 46.7% had a paid job outside of the home; 38.5% showed pre-OB and 27.3% some degree of OB. The child’s average age was 7.26 years (SD=2.46), and 3.2% showed low weight, 59.6% normal weight and 37.2% OW-OB. It was found that working outside the home, having a higher maternal BMI, less control and more discipline in feeding are variables that predict higher BMI in the child. We recommend the design of interventions to reduce and treat the child’s OW-OB taking into account the predictors that were found.

[Maternal Predictors of Body Mass Index of Pre-school and School Age Children]. / Predictores maternos del índice de masa corporal del hijo pre-escolar y escolar.

The objective was to identify maternal variables that could be used as predictors of the child's body mass index (BMI). We considered the following variables: (a) socio-demographic (age, education, occupation, marital status and family income); (b) anthropometric (BMI); and (c) upbringing strategies (monitoring and limits for eating habits, monitoring and sedentary behavior limits, discipline and control in feeding. A predictive correlational study was carried out with 537 dyads (mother-child). Children enrolled in 4 public schools (2 for pre-school children and 2 for primary school children) were selected for probabilistic, random sampling. The mothers answered the Feeding and Activity Upbringing Strategies Scale, giving socio-demographic information and the dyads' weight and height was measured. The data were analyzed for correlations and path analysis. It was found that the average age of mothers was 34.25 years (SD=6.91), with 12.40 years of education (SD=3.36), 53.3% mentioned that they were housewives and 46.7% had a paid job outside of the home; 38.5% showed pre-OB and 27.3% some degree of OB. The child's average age was 7.26 years (SD=2.46), and 3.2% showed low weight, 59.6% normal weight and 37.2% OW-0B. It was found that working outside the home, having a higher maternal BMI, less control and more discipline in feeding are variables that predict higher BMI in the child. We recommend the design of interventions to reduce and treat the child's OW-OB taking into account the predictors that were found.