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Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a critical role in a variety of human diseases such as cancer. Here, to elucidate a novel function of a lncRNA called LINC00173, we investigated its binding partner, target gene, and its regulatory mechanism in lung adenocarcinoma, including the A549 cell line and patients. In the A549 cell line, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays revealed that LINC00173 efficiently binds to SNAIL. RNA-seq and RT-qPCR analyses revealed that the expression of FHIT was decreased upon LINC00173 depletion, indicating that FHIT is a target gene of LINC00173. Overexpression of SNAIL suppressed and depletion of SNAIL increased the expression of FHIT, indicating that SNAIL negatively regulates FHIT. The downregulation of FHIT expression upon LINC00173 depletion was restored by additional SNAIL depletion, revealing a LINC00173-SNAIL-FHIT axis for FHIT regulation. Data from 501 patients with lung adenocarcinoma also support the existence of a LINC00173-SNAIL-FHIT axis, as FHIT expression correlated positively with LINC00173 (p = 1.75 × 10-6) and negatively with SNAIL (p = 7.00 × 10-5). Taken together, we propose that LINC00173 positively regulates FHIT gene expression by binding to SNAIL and inhibiting its function in human lung adenocarcinoma. Thus, this study sheds light on the LINC00173-SNAIL-FHIT axis, which may be a key mechanism for carcinogenesis and progression in human lung adenocarcinoma.
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Adenocarcinoma , Neoplasias Pulmonares , ARN Largo no Codificante , Humanos , Adenocarcinoma/genética , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Genes Supresores de Tumor , Pulmón/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , ARN Largo no Codificante/genéticaRESUMEN
Pairs of sense and antisense transcriptions that are adjacent at their 5' and 3' regions are called divergent and convergent transcription, respectively. However, the structural properties of divergent/convergent transcription in different species or RNA biotypes are poorly characterized. Here, we developed CCIVR2, a program that facilitates identification of both overlapping and non-overlapping antisense transcripts produced from divergent/convergent transcription whose transcription start sites (TSS) or transcript end sites (TES) are located within a specified region. We used CCIVR2 to analyze antisense transcripts starting around the sense TSS (from divergent transcription) or ending around the sense TES (from convergent transcription) in 11 different species and found species- and RNA biotype-specific features of divergent/convergent transcription. Furthermore, we confirmed that CCIVR2 enables the identification of multiple sense/antisense transcript pairs from divergent transcription, including those with known functions in processes such as embryonic stem cell differentiation and TGFß stimulation. CCIVR2 is therefore a valuable bioinformatics tool that facilitates the characterization of divergent/convergent transcription in different species and aids the identification of functional sense/antisense transcript pairs from divergent transcription in specified biological processes.
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ARN sin Sentido , ARN , Diferenciación Celular , Biología Computacional , Células Madre EmbrionariasRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: While chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most important contributors to mortality from non-communicable diseases, the number of nephrologists is limited worldwide. Medical cooperation is a system of cooperation between primary care physicians and nephrological institutions, consisting of nephrologists and multidisciplinary care teams. Although it has been reported that multidisciplinary care teams contribute to the prevention of worsening renal functions and cardiovascular events, there are few studies on the effect of a medical cooperation system. METHODS: We aimed to evaluate the effect of medical cooperation on all-cause mortality and renal prognosis in patients with CKD. One hundred and sixty-eight patients who visited the one hundred and sixty-three clinics and seven general hospitals of Okayama city were recruited between December 2009 and September 2016, and one hundred twenty-three patients were classified into a medical cooperation group. The outcome was defined as the incidence of all-cause mortality, or renal composite outcome (end-stage renal disease or 50% eGFR decline). We evaluated the effects on renal composite outcome and pre-ESRD mortality while incorporating the competing risk for the alternate outcome into a Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard model. RESULTS: The medical cooperation group had more patients with glomerulonephritis (35.0% vs. 2.2%) and less nephrosclerosis (35.0% vs. 64.5%) than the primary care group. Throughout the follow-up period of 5.59 ± 2.78 years, 23 participants (13.7%) died, 41 participants (24.4%) reached 50% decline in eGFR, and 37 participants (22.0%) developed end-stage renal disease (ESRD). All-cause mortality was significantly reduced by medical cooperation (sHR 0.297, 95% CI 0.105-0.835, p = 0.021). However, there was a significant association between medical cooperation and CKD progression (sHR 3.069, 95% CI 1.225-7.687, p = 0.017). CONCLUSION: We evaluated mortality and ESRD using a CKD cohort with a long-term observation period and concluded that medical cooperation might be expected to influence the quality of medical care in the patients with CKD.
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Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in carcinogenesis and cancer malignancies. Transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) is involved in various cellular processes including cancer progression. We performed comprehensive RNA sequencing analyses to identify lncRNAs regulated by TGF-ß and found that lincNMR (long intergenic noncoding RNA-nucleotide metabolism regulator, also identified as MAP3K9-DT) was induced by TGF-ß in various cell lines. There are several variants of lincNMR (hereafter lincNMRs) in the lincNMR/MAP3K9-DT locus, and their expression was increased by TGF-ß. TGF-ß-mediated induction of lincNMRs was decreased by depletion of Smad2/3 in Huh7, suggesting that the TGF-ß-Smad pathway is involved in lincNMRs expression. We also found that APOBEC3B but not other APOBEC family members were a target gene of lincNMRs. APOBEC3B, a cytidine deaminase, promotes C to U mutation and highly expressed in various human cancers. Although it is associated with cancer progression, regulatory mechanisms of APOBEC3B expression have not been fully elucidated. We performed RNA immunoprecipitation assays and proved that lincNMRs bound to endogenous Smad2 in Huh7 cells. The increased activity of the promoter of APOBEC3B induced by overexpression of Smad2/3 was inhibited by depletion of lincNMRs. These data suggest that lincNMRs participate in APOBEC3B expression by collaborating with TGF-ß-Smad pathway. High expression of lincNMRs was positively correlated with high expression of APOBEC3B in various cancer cell lines. Overexpression of APOBEC3B as well as lincNMR was found in human cancers such as hepatic and lung cancers and was associated with their poor prognosis, suggesting that lincNMR may contribute to tumor malignancy via enhanced expression of APOBEC3B.
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Neoplasias Pulmonares , ARN Largo no Codificante , Humanos , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/genética , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/metabolismo , ARN Largo no Codificante/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Hígado/patología , Citidina Desaminasa/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Quinasas Quinasa Quinasa PAM , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad Menor/genéticaRESUMEN
Simple identification using a color reaction was applied to investigate poisoning, putatively caused by Omphalotus guepiniformis. Some leftover uncooked mushrooms had turned turquoise green when a beam reagent (5 w/v% potassium hydroxide ethanolic solution) was dripped onto the mushroom pileus. Furthermore, ethanol extract of the mushrooms exhibited the same color reaction. Then, illudin S, a toxic compound contained in O. guepiniformis, was detected in uncooked leftover mushrooms using LC-MS/MS analysis. Therefore, this case was inferred as caused by O. guepiniformis. These results indicate the identification method described above as useful for screening tests for investigating food poisoning caused by O. guepiniformis.
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Agaricales , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos , Intoxicación por Setas , Humanos , Cromatografía Liquida/métodos , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/etiología , Intoxicación por Setas/diagnóstico , Intoxicación por Setas/etiologíaRESUMEN
Cis-natural antisense transcripts (cis-NATs) are transcribed from the same genomic locus as their partner gene but from the opposite DNA strand and overlap with the partner gene transcript. Here, we developed a simple and convenient program termed CCIVR (comprehensive cis-NATs identifier via RNA-seq data) that comprehensively identifies all kinds of cis-NATs based on genome annotation with expression data obtained from RNA-seq. Using CCIVR with genome databases, we demonstrated total cis-NAT pairs from 11 model organisms. CCIVR analysis with RNA-seq data from parthenogenetic and androgenetic embryonic stem cells identified well-known imprinted cis-NAT pair, KCNQ1/KCNQ1OT1, ensuring the availability of CCIVR. Finally, CCIVR identified cis-NAT pairs that demonstrate inversely correlated expression upon TGFß stimulation including cis-NATs that functionally repress their partner genes by introducing epigenetic alteration in the promoters of partner genes. Thus, CCIVR facilitates the investigation of structural characteristics and functions of cis-NATs in numerous processes in various species.
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Canal de Potasio KCNQ1 , ARN sin Sentido , Canal de Potasio KCNQ1/genética , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , ARN sin Sentido/genética , ARN sin Sentido/metabolismo , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/metabolismoRESUMEN
A 69-year-old man with refractory lung adenocarcinoma was treated with gemcitabine and vinorelbine. Dyspnea and hypertension developed after the 17th cycle of chemotherapy. Laboratory findings revealed intravascular hemolysis and renal dysfunction. Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) was confirmed by renal biopsy. Antihypertensive and steroid therapies were ineffective. After plasmapheresis, intravascular hemolysis and renal dysfunction gradually improved. However, the disease progressed, and he died 6 months after TMA diagnosis. Autopsy revealed similar pathological findings to those of the renal biopsy. It is important to discontinue gemcitabine at the onset of TMA and consider TMA when using gemcitabine for long periods.
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A 63-year-old man with pulmonary adenocarcinoma was treated with nivolumab. High fever developed within several hours after the first administration of nivolumab; subsequently, serum creatinine levels kept increasing daily. We diagnosed acute kidney injury (AKI) as an immune-related adverse event; the patient was initially treated with 50 mg prednisolone, and the dose was then tapered. Renal biopsy pathologically revealed tubulointerstitial inflammation with strong infiltration of only T cells that were CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+. The infiltration of CD163+ M2 macrophage was also observed. AKI within 1 week after the administration of nivolumab seems to be rare; therefore, the present case provides important findings useful in daily clinical practice.
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A 66-year-old, hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive woman was admitted to our hospital with oliguria, systemic edema, and rapid deterioration of renal function. Laboratory examination showed increased serum creatinine and decreased serum albumin levels, complement activity, and cryoglobulin positivity. The HCV RNA genotype was found to be 1b, and the viral load was high. Kidney biopsy examination showed type I membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis with capillary deposition of IgM and C3, indicating HCV-related glomerulonephritis. After hospitalization, hemodialysis was immediately required because of uremia and oliguria. Her renal function did not improve despite corticosteroid therapy. To treat the increasing HCV load, virus removal and eradication by double-filtration plasmapheresis therapy without interferon was performed, since the patient was allergic to interferon therapy. This treatment improved renal function and allowed the withdrawal from hemodialysis. This report presents a case of successful VRAD without interferon therapy in a patient with HCV-related glomerulonephritis and acute kidney injury that required hemodialysis.
RESUMEN
An infant with pancytopenia was born to a mother who used the common immunosuppressant azathioprine (AZA). Maternal and neonatal blood levels of 6-thioguanine nucleotides (6TGN; metabolite of AZA) were 1890 and 1480 pmol/8 × 10(8) red blood cells, respectively. Maternal 6TGN levels could be useful in predicting neonatal pancytopenia.
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We describe herein 2 patients who developed Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome in the course of renal biopsy-proven immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy. A 61-year-old man with an 11-year history of IgA nephropathy and a 16-year history of thyroiditis, and a 56-year-old man with a 5-year history of IgA nephropathy developed Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome. At the time of the eye disease presentation, IgA nephropathy was stable without corticosteroids in both patients. Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome was successfully treated with intravenous administration of prednisolone tapered from 200 mg daily. Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome is associated with IgA nephropathy, suggesting a similar autoimmune mechanism for both diseases.
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Glomerulonefritis por IGA/complicaciones , Síndrome Uveomeningoencefálico/diagnóstico , Síndrome Uveomeningoencefálico/inmunología , Glucocorticoides/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prednisolona/uso terapéutico , Síndrome Uveomeningoencefálico/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic tyrosine residues of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) upon binding of EGF induces recognition of various intracellular signaling molecules, including Grb2. Here, the reaction kinetics between EGFR and Grb2 was analyzed by visualizing single molecules of Grb2 conjugated to the fluorophore Cy3 (Cy3-Grb2). The plasma membrane fraction was purified from human epithelial carcinoma A431 cells after stimulation with EGF and attached to coverslips. Unitary events of association and dissociation of Cy3-Grb2 on the EGFR in the membrane fraction were observed at different concentrations of Grb2 (0.1-100 nM). The dissociation kinetics could be explained by using a multiple-exponential function with a major (>90%) dissociation rate of 8 s(-1) and a few minor components, suggesting the presence of multiple bound states. In contrast, the association kinetics could be described by a stretched exponential function, suggesting the presence of multiple reaction channels from many unbound substates. Transitions between the unbound substates were also suggested. Unexpectedly, the rate of association was not proportional to the Grb2 concentration: an increase in Cy3-Grb2 concentration by a factor of 10 induced an increase in the reaction frequency approximately by a factor of three. This effect can compensate for fluctuation of the signal transduction from EGFR to Grb2 caused by variations in the expression level of Grb2 in living cells.
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Receptores ErbB/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proteína Adaptadora GRB2 , Humanos , Cinética , Fosforilación , Unión Proteica , Transducción de SeñalRESUMEN
A 50-year-old woman developed discomfort of oral cavity and dysarthria. Her tongue showed a slight left-deviation and atrophy in the left side in a month. Examination with X-p, CT, and MRI showed hypoplasia of the atlas and high cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) from C1 to C5. Thus, combination of congenital hypoplasia of the atlas and acquired high cervical OPLL reduced a function of hypoglossal nerve, which resulted in the palsy. In a case of unilateral hypoglossal palsy, a possible lesion of foramen magnum should be considered.
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Atlas Cervical/anomalías , Enfermedades del Nervio Hipogloso/etiología , Osificación del Ligamento Longitudinal Posterior/complicaciones , Atlas Cervical/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Persona de Mediana Edad , Osificación del Ligamento Longitudinal Posterior/diagnóstico , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Quantitative or qualitative abnormalities of erythroid progenitors in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) could be the major factor for recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) hyporesponsiveness and severe anemia in hemodialysis (HD) patients receiving rHuEPO therapy. METHODS: Purified 1 x 10(4) circulating CD34+ cells isolated from rHuEPO-hyporesponsive HD patients (EPO-H; n = 10), rHuEPO-responsive non-HD patients with CRF (EPO-R; n = 8), nonanemic HD patients without rHuEPO therapy (EPO-W/O; n = 10), and healthy volunteer controls (CON; n = 10) were subjected to a methylcellulose culture system supplemented with rHuEPO, recombinant human interleukin-3 (IL-3), recombinant human stem cell factor (SCF), and recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) for 14 days. RESULTS: The average number of burst-forming units of erythroids (BFU-Es) was significantly less in the EPO-H group compared with the CON and EPO-W/O groups. Furthermore, colony size also was significantly smaller in the EPO-H group. Total RNAs were extracted from approximately 100 colonies/patient and subjected to complementary DNA expression array studies of 268 growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and their receptors. A characteristic cluster upregulated in the EPO-R and EPO-W/O groups and downregulated in the EPO-H group was identified that contained various cytokines and growth factors, including IL-6, GM-CSF, vascular endothelial growth factor B, IL-9, IL-3, leukemia inhibitory factor, and interferon alpha-2, and such receptors as thrombopoietin receptor, IL-9 receptor, and colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that the cross-talk network or autocrine/paracrine regulatory loop is critically impaired in BFU-E-derived cells in EPO-H patients, and investigation of these cluster genes would facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies for such patients.
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Comunicación Autocrina/efectos de los fármacos , Células Precursoras Eritroides/efectos de los fármacos , Células Precursoras Eritroides/metabolismo , Eritropoyetina/metabolismo , Comunicación Paracrina/efectos de los fármacos , Diálisis Renal , Anciano , Antígenos CD34/metabolismo , Comunicación Autocrina/genética , Células Cultivadas , Análisis por Conglomerados , Ensayo de Unidades Formadoras de Colonias/estadística & datos numéricos , Sistemas de Computación/estadística & datos numéricos , Células Precursoras Eritroides/química , Células Precursoras Eritroides/patología , Eritropoyetina/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica/estadística & datos numéricos , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/genética , Genes/genética , Humanos , Fallo Renal Crónico/sangre , Fallo Renal Crónico/tratamiento farmacológico , Fallo Renal Crónico/genética , Fallo Renal Crónico/terapia , Masculino , Análisis de Secuencia por Matrices de Oligonucleótidos/estadística & datos numéricos , Comunicación Paracrina/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
It has been reported that there is a subgroup of dermatomyositis (DM) patients with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (ILD) who have mild muscle symptoms, slightly increased levels of muscle enzymes, and absence of anti-Jo-1 antibody. A 51-year-old woman with DM was intubated requiring mechanical ventilation because of a rapidly progressing ILD in spite of the absence of the typical poor prognostic factors. A high dose or pulse therapy of corticosteroids was not effective, but additional treatment of cyclosporine gradually improved her respiratory condition. It is not clear why a rapidly progressive ILD occurred in this case lacking poor prognostic factors. However, if corticosteroid treatment is not effective, additional administration of cyclosporine in the early period of rapidly progressive ILD may rescue deteriorating cases.
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Autoanticuerpos/inmunología , Creatina Quinasa/sangre , Dermatomiositis/inmunología , Histidina-ARNt Ligasa/inmunología , Enfermedades Pulmonares Intersticiales/inmunología , Enfermedades Musculares/complicaciones , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Ciclosporina/uso terapéutico , Dermatomiositis/complicaciones , Dermatomiositis/diagnóstico , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunosupresores/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades Pulmonares Intersticiales/complicaciones , Enfermedades Pulmonares Intersticiales/diagnóstico , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Esteroides , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Mesodermal-specific cDNA or transcript (MEST) was identified by suppression subtractive hybridization-PCR of cDNA isolated from embryonic day 13 vs. newborn mice kidneys. At day 13 of mouse gestation, a high expression of MEST, with a single approximately 2.7-kb transcript that was exclusively localized to the metanephric mesenchyme was observed. The MEST mRNA expression gradually decreased during the later stages and then abruptly decreased in the newborn kidneys and subsequent postnatal life, after which a very mild expression persisted in the glomerular mesangium. Regression in mRNA expression during embryonic renal development appears to be related to methylation of the MEST gene. Treatment of metanephroi, harvested at day 13 of gestation with MEST-specific antisense oligodeoxynucleotide resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the size of the explants and the nephron population. This was associated with a selective decrease in MEST mRNA expression and accelerated apoptosis of the mesenchyme. These findings suggest that MEST, a gene with a putative mesenchymal cell-derived protein, conceivably plays a role in mammalian metanephric development.
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Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica , Riñón/embriología , Mesodermo/química , Proteínas/genética , ARN Mensajero/análisis , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos/metabolismo , Apoptosis , Metilación de ADN , ADN Complementario/genética , ADN Complementario/aislamiento & purificación , Femenino , Edad Gestacional , Hibridación in Situ , Etiquetado Corte-Fin in Situ , Riñón/crecimiento & desarrollo , Riñón/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico , Oligodesoxirribonucleótidos Antisentido/farmacología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Embarazo , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa InversaRESUMEN
A 58-year-old woman began to show ataxia at age 45 and dysarthria at age 56. Neurological examination revealed slurred speech, truncal ataxia, and pyramydal sign. Neither history of alcoholism nor hereditary factors were found. The level of serum ammonia was increased. Brain MRI study showed a high signal intensity in the cerebral peduncle and globus pallidus and mild cerebellar atrophy on T1-weighted image. A portal-systemic shunt due to a shunt vessel was found between the left splenic and kidney veins although she did not show any other symptoms or signs due to liver cirrhosis. Her symptoms dramatically improved by an intravenous administration of branched amino acid. The present case suggests an importance in finding a treatable cerebellar ataxia.
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Aminoácidos de Cadena Ramificada/uso terapéutico , Ataxia Cerebelosa/tratamiento farmacológico , Ataxia Cerebelosa/etiología , Encefalopatía Hepática/complicaciones , Femenino , Encefalopatía Hepática/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
This study enrolled 143 asymptomatic patients with lung cancer detected by mass screening during an 8-year period (January 1, 1993 to December 31, 2000) and who had received a lung cancer mass screening roentgenogram one year before the disease was found. There was no difference between the 5-year survival rates in patients with one-year delayed detection of lung cancer (n=62) and in patients without (n=81) (46 vs. 58%, log rank: P=0.1330, Wilcoxon: P=0.1008). However, according to the tumor size on the overlooked chest roentgenogram, the outcome in stage I+II patients with missed tumors >20 mm in dimension (n=20) was worse than those with missed tumors <10 mm (n=24) or those with missed tumors 10-20 mm (n=18) (40 vs. 82 or 81%, log rank: P=0.0047, Wilcoxon: P=0.0010). All missed tumors in the lung field that did not overlap thoracic components were <10 mm in dimension and appeared as patchy ground-glass opacities, and they could not have been recognized if there was no other information that the tumor developed in that location. This might also be related to the lack of mortality effectiveness of previous lung cancer mass screening problem. Although it may be difficult to find the tumors <10 mm on a chest roentgenogram on mass screening, one-year delayed detection of lung cancer < or = 20 mm will not affect the prognosis.