Clinical effectiveness of Lactobacillus reuteri in the treatment of peri-implant diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

In the last decades, the presence of peri-implant diseases (PD) has increased. One of the therapies currently used is probiotics with Lactobacillus reuteri (LR). The aim of this article is to determinate, through a systematic review and meta-analysis, the clinical effectiveness of LR in the treatment of PD. We searched the literature until January 2021, in the biomedical databases: Pubmed, Embase, Scielo, Science Direct, Scopus, SIGLE, LILACS, Google Scholar and Cochrane Central Registry of Clinical Trials. The selection criteria of the studies were: randomized controlled clinical trials, without language and time restriction, reporting the clinical effects (depth to probing, plaque index and bleeding index) of the LR in the PD treatment. The risk of study bias was analyzed through the Cochrane tool for randomized studies using Review Manager software. The search strategy resulted in 6 articles of which four investigated peri-implantitis and three peri-implant mucositis. All studies reported that there was a difference in the depth of the probing in the treatment of PD, in favor of the group using LR, though not always achieving significance. The use of LR can be clinically effective in terms of pocket depth reduction in the treatment of PD.

Hepatitis E virus in Cuba.

The hepatitis E virus (HEV) has a global distribution and is known to have caused large waterborne epidemics of icteric hepatitis. The transmission is primarily fecal-oral. Some reports have suggested parenteral transmission of HEV from its association to hepatitis B or hepatitis C infection, or due to the development of hepatitis E after blood transfusion. Though most of the developing countries in Asia and Africa have been shown to be endemic for HEV infection, studies in the Latin American countries have been limited to Mexico, Brazil and Venezuela. We have developed an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for IgM and IgG antibodies to a recombinant protein containing antigenic epitopes of the ORF3 region of the HEV. This system, as well as a commercial kit that includes ORF2 and ORF3 antigenic epitopes, were used to study the prevalence of anti-HEV antibodies in a sample of Cuban blood donors, acute hepatitis cases and individuals subjected to plasmapheresis. The incidence of anti-HEV IgM was compared with other viral hepatitis markers. Our findings suggest that infections due to HEV are an important viral cause of sporadic hepatitis in Cuba, and that HEV is endemic to this region of the world.