RESUMEN
Accurate identification and quantification of microplastic pollution in marine sediments are crucial for assessing their ecological impact. In this study, we explored the potential of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy as an analytical tool for the analysis of microplastics in complex environmental matrices such as marine sediments. Two common plastic polymers, polystyrene (PS) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), were investigated. The marine sediments facing the Tiber River mouth (Italy) were collected according to a bathymetric gradient. Results demonstrated the successful detection and quantification of PS in all sediment samples (within a range of 12.3-64.6 µg/L), while no ABS significant signals were found. An increment trend with depth was observed in the PS signal, relatable to its physicochemical properties and the Tiber River plume hydrodynamic characteristics. The NMR's non-destructive nature and minimal sample preparation represent a promising avenue for standardizing protocols to assess the microplastic distribution and impact in marine sediments.
Asunto(s)
Microplásticos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Microplásticos/análisis , Plásticos/análisis , Poliestirenos/análisis , Ríos/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Sedimentos Geológicos/química , Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , Espectroscopía de Resonancia MagnéticaAsunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Bortezomib/administración & dosificación , Mieloma Múltiple/tratamiento farmacológico , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Humanos , Infusiones Intravenosas , Inyecciones Subcutáneas , Mieloma Múltiple/diagnóstico , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Bortezomib was the first proteasome inhibitor (PI) discovered and demonstrated great efficacy in myeloma, both in vitro and in patients. However, still many patients ultimately relapse and there is the need for novel therapies. A second generation of PI have been discovered, potentially more effective ands some also orally administered. Carfilzomib is an irreversible proteasome inhibitor that showed great efficacy in clinical studies. Ixazomib is an oral compound that has been introduced recently in the therapeutic spectrum. Novel agents such as Marizomib seem promising in the fact that can also pass through the blood brain barrier and maybe effective also in CNS muyeloma. This review focus on all proteasome inhibitors available in clinics and the new ones coming soon.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias del Sistema Nervioso Central/tratamiento farmacológico , Mieloma Múltiple/tratamiento farmacológico , Inhibidores de Proteasoma/uso terapéutico , Animales , Ácidos Borónicos/farmacología , Ácidos Borónicos/uso terapéutico , Bortezomib/farmacología , Bortezomib/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias del Sistema Nervioso Central/metabolismo , Descubrimiento de Drogas , Humanos , Lactonas/farmacología , Lactonas/uso terapéutico , Mieloma Múltiple/metabolismo , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/tratamiento farmacológico , Oligopéptidos/farmacología , Oligopéptidos/uso terapéutico , Inhibidores de Proteasoma/farmacología , Pirroles/farmacología , Pirroles/uso terapéutico , Treonina/análogos & derivados , Treonina/farmacología , Treonina/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Abnormality of the B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling is correlated to origin of many B-cell malignancies. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), is described as a possible target in a many B-cell neoplasms. Ibrutinib is the most used inhibitor of BTK and has great tolerability and efficacy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. This review summarizes results with ibrutinib in clinical trials and novel BTK inhibitors of interest.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/tratamiento farmacológico , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Proteínas Tirosina Quinasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Pirazoles/farmacología , Pirimidinas/farmacología , Adenina/análogos & derivados , Agammaglobulinemia Tirosina Quinasa , Antineoplásicos/química , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Humanos , Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/metabolismo , Estructura Molecular , Piperidinas , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/química , Proteínas Tirosina Quinasas/metabolismo , Pirazoles/química , Pirimidinas/química , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
The introduction of novel agents in multiple myeloma therapy has dramatically improved survival in latest years. Great progress has also been detected in particular poor clinical situation such as acute renal failure in which survival was dismal in the past. Treatment with bortezomib, thalidomide and dialysis associated with high cut-off (HCO) filters can recover more than two thirds of myeloma patients with an end stage renal failure. Novel proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulating agents (IMID's) are even more promising in this set of patients. Aim of this review is to provide an overview of treatments of multiple myeloma patients with acute renal failure coming from most recent clinical trials.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Fallo Renal Crónico/terapia , Mieloma Múltiple/terapia , Diálisis Renal/métodos , Humanos , Fallo Renal Crónico/complicaciones , Mieloma Múltiple/complicacionesRESUMEN
Multiple myeloma survival has significantly improved in the latest years due to a broad spectrum of novel agents available for treatment. The introduction of thalidomide, bortezomib, and lenalidomide together with autologous stem-cell transplantation has considerably increased complete remission rate and progression-free survival resulting ultimately in prolonged survival in myeloma patients. Moreover, novel strategies of treatment such as consolidation and maintenance are being used to further implement responses. Finally, a number of new drugs such as carfilzomib and pomalidomide are already in clinical practice, making the future of myeloma patients brighter.
RESUMEN
Median age at diagnosis for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) patients is now 72 years, thus a consistent number of patients may not tolerate standard doses i.v. of fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab (FCR), the best available therapy, due to unacceptable myelotoxicity and risk of severe infections. We studied safety and efficacy of the addition of rituximab to the oral low-dose FC regimen (old-FCR) in a selected population of 30 elderly (median age 75, 15 untreated, 15 treated with 1 prior therapy) CLL patients. Complete remission (CR) rate was 80% in the untreated patients (overall response rate, ORR 93%), and 30% in pretreated patients (ORR 74%). Progression free survivals (PFS) were 45 months and 30 months in the untreated and treated patients, respectively. In patients achieving CR, old-FCR led to PFS of 67 months. Moreover, haematological toxicity was mild (grade 3-4: 15%) and patients were treated mostly in outpatient clinic. Old-FCR could be a good therapy option for elderly CLL patients outside clinical trials, larger studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Asunto(s)
Anciano , Anticuerpos Monoclonales de Origen Murino/administración & dosificación , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administración & dosificación , Ciclofosfamida/administración & dosificación , Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/tratamiento farmacológico , Vidarabina/análogos & derivados , Administración Oral , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Anticuerpos Monoclonales de Origen Murino/efectos adversos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversos , Ciclofosfamida/efectos adversos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoterapia/efectos adversos , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/mortalidad , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Rituximab , Resultado del Tratamiento , Vidarabina/administración & dosificación , Vidarabina/efectos adversosRESUMEN
A 71 year old female with multiple myeloma presented with back pain seven year after autologous stem cell transplant. Skeletal bone survey and magnetic resonance imaging did not show a relapse that was evidenced by CT/PET. Lenalidomide as single agent induced a complete disappearance of the lesions 6 months later and confirmed after one year at CT/PET.