RESUMEN
H3N8 influenza virus strains have been associated with infectious disease in equine populations throughout the world. Although current vaccines for equine influenza stimulate a protective humoral immune response against the surface glycoproteins, disease in vaccinated horses has been frequently reported, probably due to poor induction of cross-reactive antibodies against non-matching strains. This work describes the performance of a recombinant protein vaccine expressed in prokaryotic cells (ΔHAp) and of a genetic vaccine (ΔHAe), both based on the conserved stem region of influenza hemagglutinin (HA) derived from A/equine/Argentina/1/93 (H3N8) virus. Sera from mice inoculated with these immunogens in different combinations and regimes presented reactivity in vitro against highly divergent influenza virus strains belonging to phylogenetic groups 1 and 2 (H1 and H3 subtypes, respectively), and conferred robust protection against a lethal challenge with both the homologous equine strain (100%) and the homosubtypic human strain A/Victoria/3/75 (H3N2) (70-100%). Animals vaccinated with the same antigens but challenged with the human strain A/PR/8/34 (H1N1), belonging to the phylogenetic group 1, were not protected (0-33%). Combination of protein and DNA immunogens showed higher reactivity to non-homologous strains than protein alone, although all vaccines were permissive for lung infection.
Asunto(s)
Protección Cruzada/inmunología , Glicoproteínas Hemaglutininas del Virus de la Influenza/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Caballos/prevención & control , Vacunas contra la Influenza/inmunología , Infecciones por Orthomyxoviridae/veterinaria , Vacunas de Subunidad/inmunología , Vacunas Sintéticas/inmunología , Animales , Línea Celular , Enfermedades de los Caballos/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Caballos/virología , Caballos , Humanos , Inmunización , Subtipo H1N1 del Virus de la Influenza A/inmunología , Subtipo H3N2 del Virus de la Influenza A/inmunología , Subtipo H3N8 del Virus de la Influenza A/inmunología , Vacunas contra la Influenza/administración & dosificación , Proteínas Recombinantes , Vacunas de Subunidad/administración & dosificación , Vacunas Sintéticas/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
Dengue is the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral disease worldwide and is caused by the four dengue virus serotypes (DENV-1-4). Sequential heterologous DENV infections can be associated with severe disease manifestations. Here, we present an immunocompetent mouse model of secondary DENV infection using non mouse-adapted DENV strains to investigate the pathogenesis of severe dengue disease. C57BL/6 mice infected sequentially with DENV-1 (strain Puerto Rico/94) and DENV-2 (strain Tonga/74) developed low platelet counts, internal hemorrhages, and increase of liver enzymes. Cross-reactive CD8+ T lymphocytes were found to be necessary and sufficient for signs of severe disease by adoptively transferring of DENV-1-immune CD8+T lymphocytes before DENV-2 challenge. Disease signs were associated with production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and elevated cytotoxicity displayed by heterotypic anti-DENV-1 CD8+ T lymphocytes. These findings highlight the critical role of heterotypic anti-DENV CD8+ T lymphocytes in manifestations of severe dengue disease.