OBJECTIVES: Orthognathic surgery (OS) has evolved with technological advancements, notably through the implementation of computer-assisted orthognathic surgery (CAOS). This article aims to elucidate various types of CAOS and their efficiency and accuracy, supplemented by a thorough literature review focusing on their clinical applications in South Korea. STUDY SELECTION, DATA, AND SOURCES: A comprehensive search strategy was employed, including systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and observational studies published until December 2023 in the PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases. The literature search was limited to articles written in English. RESULTS: Static CAOS demonstrated high precision, reduced operative time, and high accuracy, suggesting its potential reliability in orthognathic procedures. Dynamic CAOS presented a promising avenue for exploration, showing an accuracy comparable to that of traditional methods. The critical considerations for CAOS include accuracy, time efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. Recent studies have indicated advancements in the time efficiency of static CAOS. Static CAOS requires less equipment and is more cost-effective than dynamic CAOS. CONCLUSIONS: CAOS offers clear advantages over conventional OS in terms of surgical convenience and accuracy in implementing the surgical plan. To achieve recognition as the gold standard method for maxillofacial deformity treatment, CAOS must overcome its limitations and undergo continuous verification via well-designed studies. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The introduction of CAOS, mainly static CAOS with high precision and reduced surgical time, signifies a notable advancement in OS. However, rigorous studies are warranted to validate CAOS as the gold standard for treating maxillofacial deformities.
Orthognathic Surgical Procedures , Surgery, Computer-Assisted , Humans , Surgery, Computer-Assisted/methods , Republic of Korea , Operative Time
OBJECTIVE: This review will map stress interventions designed for and implemented among immigrant parents in the United States (US) according to (1) intervention characteristics, (2) participant characteristics, and (3) reported outcomes and measurement tools. INTRODUCTION: In addition to parenting stressors shared with their non-immigrant counterparts, immigrant parents also face immigration stressors. Although stress interventions can effectively manage, reduce, or prevent stress among non-immigrant populations, we know little about stress interventions designed for immigrant parents in the US. This study will be the first to explore stress interventions implemented among immigrant parents in the US. INCLUSION CRITERIA: This scoping review will include published, peer-reviewed quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies that evaluate stress interventions designed specifically for US immigrant parents with at least 1 child under the age of 18 years. Reported interventions must include stress as a primary or secondary outcome or be labeled as a stress intervention. Stress interventions are broadly defined, with no restrictions on the type of stress targeted (eg, job, general, parenting) or the intervention's nature (ie, prevention vs. management/reduction vs. treatment). METHODS: A literature search will be conducted in ProQuest's APA PsycINFO and PsycARTICLES, CINAHL Plus (EBSCOhost), ERIC (ProQuest), Embase, MEDLINE (Ovid), International Bibliography of Social Sciences (ProQuest), and the Cochrane Library. Only English-language publications will be eligible, with no date restrictions. Retrieved titles and abstracts will be screened by at least 2 independent reviewers in duplicate. Data will be extracted using a self-developed data extraction tool. Findings will be presented in tabular or diagrammatic format, accompanied by a narrative summary. DETAILS OF THE REVIEW CAN BE FOUND IN OPEN SCIENCE FRAMEWORK: osf.io/ec39j.
Research has established the impact of paternal depression on fathering behaviors and child outcomes. Despite this, less is known about the mechanisms linking paternal depressive symptomology to paternal warmth, particularly regarding the role of parenting stress and beliefs in the centrality of the paternal role. The aim of this study was to examine factors potentially associated with paternal warmth. Specifically, we explored the association between paternal depressive symptomology and paternal warmth, examining the mediating role of paternal parenting stress in this association. Moreover, we tested the moderated role of beliefs in the centrality of the paternal role in the association between paternal parenting stress and paternal warmth. We utilized a subsample of fathers (n = 756; Mage = 34.3) with young children from the Survey of Contemporary Fatherhood study. Moderated mediation analysis was performed to test the association between paternal depressive symptomology, parenting stress, paternal warmth, and beliefs in the centrality of the paternal role among fathers. Results indicate a significant association between higher paternal depressive symptomology and increased parenting stress, which, in turn, was associated with reduced paternal warmth. Furthermore, positive beliefs in the centrality of the paternal role buffered the association between parenting stress and paternal warmth. These findings underscore the importance of considering parenting stress and fathering beliefs in psychosocial intervention programs aimed at improving fathering behaviors. Targeting fathers with mental health problems and negative parenting beliefs in intervention approaches may yield the most significant benefits. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
With the growing demand for orthognathic surgery and other facial treatments, the accurate identification of anatomical landmarks has become crucial. Recent advancements have shifted towards using three-dimensional radiologic analysis instead of traditional two-dimensional methods, as it allows for more precise treatment planning, primarily relying on direct identification by clinicians. However, manual tracing can be time-consuming, mainly when dealing with a large number of patients. This study compared the accuracy and reliability of identifying anatomical landmarks using artificial intelligence (AI) and manual identification. Thirty patients over 19 years old who underwent pre-orthodontic and orthognathic surgery treatment and had pre-orthodontic three-dimensional radiologic scans were selected. Thirteen anatomical indicators were identified using both AI and manual methods. The landmarks were identified by AI and four experienced clinicians, and multiple ANOVA was performed to analyze the results. The study results revealed minimal significant differences between AI and manual tracing, with a maximum deviation of less than 2.83 mm. This indicates that utilizing AI to identify anatomical landmarks can be a reliable method in planning orthognathic surgery. Our findings suggest that using AI for anatomical landmark identification can enhance treatment accuracy and reliability, ultimately benefiting clinicians and patients.
Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) has shown potential in maxillofacial surgery owing to its osteoinductive properties. However, concerns about its safety and high cost have limited its widespread use. This review presents the status of rhBMP-2 use in maxillofacial surgery, focusing on its clinical application, efficacy, safety, and limitations. Studies have demonstrated rhBMP-2's potential to reduce donor site morbidity and increase bone height in sinus and ridge augmentation; however, it may not outperform autogenous bone grafts. In medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw treatment, rhBMP-2 has been applied adjunctively with promising results, although its long-term safety requires further investigation. However, in maxillofacial trauma, its application is limited to the restoration of large defects. Safety concerns include postoperative edema and the theoretical risk of carcinogenesis. Although postoperative edema is manageable, the link between rhBMP-2 and cancer remains unclear. The limitations include the lack of an ideal carrier, the high cost of rhBMP-2, and the absence of an optimal dosing regimen. In conclusion, rhBMP-2 is a promising graft material for maxillofacial surgery. However, it has not yet become the gold standard owing to safety and cost concerns. Further research is required to establish long-term safety, optimize dosing, and develop better carriers.
During the lockdown period of the COVID-19 pandemic, Asian American (AA) women have experienced a surge in anti-Asian hate crimes and racial discrimination, and a majority of studies have quantitatively shown the negative impact of these incidents on Asian Americans' well-being. Our research expands on the existing literature by qualitatively investigating types of COVID-19-related racial discrimination during lockdown and its impacts on changes in emotions, behaviors, well-being, and racial identity development among AA women. This study covered two timepoints (December 2019 to May 2020) and the data were collected using an open-ended survey with 40 AA women. Thematic analysis identified core themes related to types of racial discrimination, emotional and behavioral changes, and racial identity status that emerged due to COVID-19-related racial discrimination experiences. The findings shed light on the long-lasting impacts of racial discrimination on AA women's overall well-being and dynamic development of racial identity. Altogether, our findings underscore the need for systematic forms of advocacy to combat anti-Asian racism and call for solidarity for AA women's well-being.
COVID-19 , Racism , Humans , Female , Asian , Pandemics , COVID-19/epidemiology , Communicable Disease Control
Maxillofacial skeletal surgery often involves the use of patient-specific implants. However, errors in obtaining patient data and designing and manufacturing patient-specific plates and guides can occur even with accurate virtual surgery. To address these errors, bespoke Snowman plates were designed to allow movement of the mandible. This study aimed to compare the stability of bespoke four-hole miniplates with that of a bespoke Snowman plate for bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO), and to present a method to investigate joint cavity changes, as well as superimpose virtual and actual surgical images of the mandible. This retrospective study included 22 patients who met the inclusion criteria and underwent orthognathic surgery at a university hospital between 2015 and 2018. Two groups were formed on the basis of the plates used: a control group with four-hole bespoke plates and a study group with bespoke Snowman plates. Stability was assessed by measuring the condyle-fossa space and superimposing three-dimensional virtual surgery images on postoperative cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. No significant differences were observed in the condyle-fossa space preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively between the control and study groups. Superimposing virtual surgery and CBCT scans revealed minimal differences in the landmark points, with no variation between groups or timepoints. The use of bespoke Snowman plates for stabilizing the mandible following SSRO exhibited clinical stability and reliability similar to those with bespoke four-hole plates. Additionally, a novel method was introduced to evaluate skeletal stability by separately analyzing the condyle-fossa gap changes and assessing the mandibular position.
Distortion of dentition may occur in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans due to artifacts, and further imaging is frequently required to produce digital twins. The use of a plaster model is common; however, it has certain drawbacks. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of different digital dentition models over that of plaster casts. Plaster models, alginate impressions, intraoral scan (IOS) images, and CBCT images of 20 patients were obtained. The desktop model scanner was used to scan the alginate impression twice, five minutes and two hours after impression-making. Using an IOS, the full arch was scanned in segments using CS 3600 and simultaneously with i700 wireless. The digital twins obtained from the alginate impression and IOS were superimposed with those obtained from the plaster cast. The differences and distances at each reference point were measured. Scans of alginate impressions after two hours showed the greatest discrepancies, but these were all less than the CBCT voxel size of 0.39 mm. Alginate impression scans and IOS are suitable supplements to CBCT compared to the plaster model. Accuracy can be improved by scanning the alginate impression within five minutes or by intraoral scanning of the entire arch with segmentation.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , Dentition , Humans , Alginates , Artifacts , Clonal Hematopoiesis
BACKGROUND: Multi-dimensional facial imaging is increasingly used in hospital clinics. A digital twin of the face can be created by reconstructing three-dimensional (3D) facial images using facial scanners. Therefore, the reliability, strengths, and weaknesses of scanners should be investigated and approved; Methods: Images obtained from three facial scanners (RayFace, MegaGen, and Artec Eva) were compared with cone-beam computed tomography images as the standard. Surface discrepancies were measured and analyzed at 14 specific reference points; Results: All scanners used in this study achieved acceptable results, although only scanner 3 obtained preferable results. Each scanner exhibited weak and strong points because of differences in the scanning methods. Scanner 2 exhibited the best result on the left endocanthion; scanner 1 achieved the best result on the left exocanthion and left alare; and scanner 3 achieved the best result on the left exocanthion (both cheeks); Conclusions: These comparative analysis data can be used when creating digital twins through segmentation, selecting and merging data, or developing a new scanner to overcome all shortcomings.
The aim of this study was to compare the mechanical behaviors of three dental implant fixtures with different abutment connection designs. Three implant systems were studied: the control (BLX implant), test group 1 (TORX++ implant), and test group 2 (IU implant). Three samples from each group were subjected to static compression to fracture tests to determine the maximum fracture load, and twelve samples were exposed to fatigue tests that measured how many cycles the implants could endure before deformation or fracture. Detailed images of the implant-abutment assemblies were obtained using micro-computed tomography imaging, and fractured or deformed areas were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The mean maximum breaking loads of 578.45 ± 42.46 N, 793.26 ± 57.43 N, and 862.30 ± 74.25 N were obtained for the BLX, TORX++, and IU implants, respectively. All samples in the three groups withstood 5 × 106 cycles at 50% of the nominal peak value, and different fracture points were observed. All abutment connection designs showed suitable mechanical properties for intraoral use. Microscopic differences in the fracture patterns may be due to the differences in the fixture design or abutment connection, and mechanical complications could be prevented by lowering the overload reaching the implant or preventing peri-implantitis.
Lateral cephalograms and related analysis constitute representative methods for orthodontic treatment. However, since conventional cephalometric radiographs display a three-dimensional structure on a two-dimensional plane, inaccuracies may be produced when quantitative evaluation is required. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has minimal image distortion, and important parts can be observed without overlapping. It provides a high-resolution three-dimensional image at a relatively low dose and cost, but still shows a higher dose than a lateral cephalogram. It is especially true for children who are more susceptible to radiation doses and often have difficult diagnoses. A conventional lateral cephalometric radiograph can be obtained by reconstructing the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine data obtained from CBCT. This study evaluated the applicability and consistency of lateral cephalograms generated by CBCT using an artificial intelligence analysis program. Group I comprised conventional lateral cephalometric radiographs, group II comprised lateral cephalometric radiographs generated from CBCT using OnDemand 3D, and group III comprised lateral cephalometric radiographs generated from CBCT using Invivo5. All measurements in the three groups showed non-significant results. Therefore, a CBCT scan and artificial intelligence programs are efficient means when performing orthodontic analysis on pediatric or orthodontic patients for orthodontic diagnosis and planning.
Artificial Intelligence , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , Humans , Child , Cephalometry , Radiography , Dental Care
Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) can distort dentition, and additional imaging is often required. A plaster model to help digitize dental images has been widely used in clinical practice, but there are some inconveniences such as complexity of the process and the risk of damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential for improving dentition imaging with CBCT scans using an intraoral scanner instead of a plaster model. The study used laser model-scanned images of plaster models, imaging from two intraoral scanners, and CBCT images from 20 patients aged 12-18 years. CS 3600 (Carestream Dental, Atlanta, USA) and i700 (Medit, Seoul, Korea) were used as intraoral scanners. The full arch was scanned at once or in three sections using intraoral scanners. The segmented scans were merged to obtain full-arch images. With i700, full-arch images were additionally acquired using its "smart stich" function. The virtual skull-dentition hybrid images obtained from intraoral scanners were superimposed with images obtained using a plaster cast. The difference and distance of coordinate values at each reference point were measured. The average distances from the images obtained with the plaster cast were smaller than 0.39 mm, which is the voxel size of CBCT. Scanning the complete or partial arch using CS 3600 or i700 satisfactorily complemented the CBCT when compared to the plaster model. The virtual skull-dentition hybrid image obtained from intraoral scanners will be clinically useful, especially for patients and surgeons who have difficulty in scanning the complete arch at once.
Dentition , Models, Dental , Adolescent , Child , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/methods , Humans , Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods , Skull/diagnostic imaging
Aim. To investigate the effect of changes in incisor tip, apex movement, and inclination on skeletal points A and B and characterize changes in skeletal points A and B to the soft tissue points A and B after incisor retraction in Angle Class I bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion. Methods. Twenty-two patients with Angle Class I bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion treated with four first premolar extractions were included in this study. The displacement of skeletal and soft tissue points A and B was measured using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) using a three-dimensional coordinate system. The movement of the upper and lower incisors was also measured using CBCT-synthesized lateral cephalograms. Results. Changes in the incisal tip, apex, and inclination after retraction did not significantly affect the position of points A and B in any direction (x, y, z). Linear regression analysis showed a statistically significant relationship between skeletal point A and soft tissue point A on the anteroposterior axis (z). Skeletal point A moved forward by 0.07 mm, and soft tissue point A moved forward by 0.38 mm, establishing a ratio of 0.18: 1 (r = 0.554, p < 0.01). Conclusion. The positional complexion of the skeletal points A and B was not directly influenced by changes in the incisor tip, apex, and inclination. Although the results suggest that soft tissue point A follows the anteroposterior position of skeletal point A, its clinical significance is suspected. Thus, hard and soft tissue analysis should be considered in treatment planning.
Repetitive hypoxia (RH) exposure affects the initiation and progression of cognitive dysfunction, but little is known about the mechanisms of hypoxic brain damage. In this study, we show that sublethal RH increased anxiety, impaired learning and memory (L/M), and triggered downregulation of brain levels of glucose and several glucose metabolites in zebrafish, and that supplementation of glucose or glucosamine (GlcN) restored RH-induced L/M impairment. Fear conditioning (FC)-induced brain activation of and PKA/CREB signaling was abrogated by RH, and this effect was reversed by GlcN supplementation. RH was associated with decreased brain O-GlcNAcylation and an increased O-GlcNAcase (OGA) level. RH increased brain inflammation and p-Tau and amyloid ß accumulation, and these effects were suppressed by GlcN. Our observations collectively suggest that changes in O-GlcNAc flux during hypoxic exposure could be an important causal factor for neurodegeneration, and that supplementation of the HBP/O-GlcNAc flux may be a potential novel therapeutic or preventive target for addressing hypoxic brain damage.
Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism , Cognitive Dysfunction/metabolism , Glucosamine/pharmacology , Hypoxia/metabolism , Zebrafish/metabolism , tau Proteins/metabolism , Animals , Anxiety/metabolism , Brain/metabolism , Case-Control Studies , Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology , Encephalitis/metabolism , Female , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods , Glucosamine/metabolism , Glucosamine/therapeutic use , Glucose/metabolism , Hypoxia/complications , Hypoxia, Brain/metabolism , Hypoxia, Brain/prevention & control , Learning Disabilities/metabolism , Male , Memory Disorders/metabolism , N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases/metabolism , Zebrafish Proteins/metabolism , beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases/metabolism
Post-translational modifications to tubulin are important for many microtubule-based functions inside cells. It was recently shown that methylation of tubulin by the histone methyltransferase SETD2 occurs on mitotic spindle microtubules during cell division, with its absence resulting in mitotic defects. However, the catalytic mechanism of methyl addition to tubulin is unclear. We used a truncated version of human wild type SETD2 (tSETD2) containing the catalytic SET and C-terminal Set2-Rpb1-interacting (SRI) domains to investigate the biochemical mechanism of tubulin methylation. We found that recombinant tSETD2 had a higher activity toward tubulin dimers than polymerized microtubules. Using recombinant single-isotype tubulin, we demonstrated that methylation was restricted to lysine 40 of α-tubulin. We then introduced pathogenic mutations into tSETD2 to probe the recognition of histone and tubulin substrates. A mutation in the catalytic domain (R1625C) allowed tSETD2 to bind to tubulin but not methylate it, whereas a mutation in the SRI domain (R2510H) caused loss of both tubulin binding and methylation. Further investigation of the role of the SRI domain in substrate binding found that mutations within this region had differential effects on the ability of tSETD2 to bind to tubulin versus the binding partner RNA polymerase II for methylating histones in vivo, suggesting distinct mechanisms for tubulin and histone methylation by SETD2. Finally, we found that substrate recognition also requires the negatively charged C-terminal tail of α-tubulin. Together, this study provides a framework for understanding how SETD2 serves as a dual methyltransferase for both histone and tubulin methylation.
Catalytic Domain , Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/chemistry , Tubulin/metabolism , Animals , COS Cells , Chlorocebus aethiops , Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/genetics , Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/metabolism , Histones/metabolism , Humans , Methylation , Mutation , Protein Binding , Protein Processing, Post-Translational
Gene discovery efforts in autism spectrum disorder have identified heterozygous defects in chromatin remodeller genes, the 'readers, writers and erasers' of methyl marks on chromatin, as major contributors to this disease. Despite this advance, a convergent aetiology between these defects and aberrant chromatin architecture or gene expression has remained elusive. Recently, data have begun to emerge that chromatin remodellers also function directly on the cytoskeleton. Strongly associated with autism spectrum disorder, the SETD2 histone methyltransferase for example, has now been shown to directly methylate microtubules of the mitotic spindle. However, whether microtubule methylation occurs in post-mitotic cells, for example on the neuronal cytoskeleton, is not known. We found the SETD2 α-tubulin lysine 40 trimethyl mark occurs on microtubules in the brain and in primary neurons in culture, and that the SETD2 C-terminal SRI domain is required for binding and methylation of α-tubulin. A CRISPR knock-in of a pathogenic SRI domain mutation (Setd2SRI) that disables microtubule methylation revealed at least one wild-type allele was required in mice for survival, and while viable, heterozygous Setd2SRI/wtmice exhibited an anxiety-like phenotype. Finally, whereas RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq) showed no concomitant changes in chromatin methylation or gene expression in Setd2SRI/wtmice, primary neurons exhibited structural deficits in axon length and dendritic arborization. These data provide the first demonstration that microtubules of neurons are methylated, and reveals a heterozygous chromatin remodeller defect that specifically disables microtubule methylation is sufficient to drive an autism-associated phenotype.
Anxiety/metabolism , Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/metabolism , Microtubules/metabolism , Neurons/metabolism , Animals , Brain/metabolism , Histones/metabolism , Methylation , Mice , Phenotype
OBJECTIVE: Digital twins of adult Korean females were created as a tool to evaluate and compare the sagittal relationship between the maxillary central incisors and the forehead before and after orthodontic treatment. METHODS: Digital twins were reconstructed for a total of 50 adult female patients using facial scans and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. The anteroposterior position of the maxillary central incisor and the forehead inclination were measured. RESULTS: The control group presented a mean of 6.7 mm for the sagittal position and 17.5° for forehead inclination. The study group showed a mean of 9.3 mm for the sagittal position and 13.6° for forehead inclination. Most Korean females seeking orthodontic treatment had their maxillary central incisor anterior to the glabella. In contrast, fewer Korean females who completed their orthodontic treatments had their maxillary central incisor anterior to the glabella. Furthermore, patients who had completed the orthodontic treatment were more likely to have the maxillary central incisor between the forehead facial axis and glabella. CONCLUSION: The use of digital twins for three-dimensional (3D) analysis of the profile implies a high clinical significance. In addition, as the facial profile of Koreans is different from that of Caucasians, careful consideration should be made when setting treatment goals for the anteroposterior position of the maxillary central incisors.
Young people experience a variety of mental health concerns, including depression, non-suicidal self-injury, and suicidal ideation. These issues are at even higher rates among transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) young people, due to the additional burden of having to navigate a world in which transphobia impacts them at the individual, organizational, and policy levels. However, much of the extant research focuses only on comparing TGD youth to cisgender counterparts. This study explores the nuance within the TDG youth population regarding mental health, examining how gender, race/ethnicity, and sexual orientation change the likelihood of experiencing each of these mental health concerns. Among a sample of over 400 young people, findings indicate that those TGD young people who do not identify themselves within the masculine/feminine binary and those with marginalized sexual orientations were two to three times more likely to experience adverse mental health outcomes, as compared to their peers who are questioning their gender, and who are heterosexual. The implications for mental health professionals and others who work with young people are to recognize that mental health is not a one-size-fits all model for young TGD people, and that the intersection of multiple marginalized identities, must be addressed in order to improve the mental health of this group of young people. Findings can also be used to better understand issues of stigma, discrimination, and victimization in education, health care, and beyond.
OBJECTIVE: Orthognathic surgery (OGS) is a surgical intervention that corrects dentofacial deformities through the movement of maxillary and mandibular segments to achieve adequate masticatory function, joint health, and facial harmony. However, some patients present with occlusal discrepancies, condylar sag, and/or temporomandibular disorders after OGS. Various methods have been employed to solve these problems after surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of early screw removal in patients with occlusal discrepancies after OGS using three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS: In 44 patients with dentofacial deformities, patient-customized OGSs with customized plates were performed to correct facial deformities using customized guides with computer-aided surgical simulation. Of the 44 patients, eight patients complained of occlusal discrepancies and temporomandibular disorders after OGS. These eight patients underwent screw removal under local anesthesia around four weeks. The temporomandibular joint spaces at three time points (pre-surgical, post-surgical, and after screw removal) in the sagittal and coronal planes were compared using CBCT. RESULTS: Eight patients showed an increase in joint space on CBCT images immediately after surgery (T1), but after early screw removal (T2), these spaces almost returned to their pre-surgical state, and the temporomandibular joint problem disappeared. CONCLUSIONS: The removal of screws located in the distal segment under local anesthesia between three and four weeks post-surgically may be a treatment option for patients with post-OGS occlusal discrepancies, condylar sag, and/or temporomandibular disorder.
Epigenetic effectors "read" marks "written" on chromatin to regulate function and fidelity of the genome. Here, we show that this coordinated read-write activity of the epigenetic machinery extends to the cytoskeleton, with PBRM1 in the PBAF chromatin remodeling complex reading microtubule methyl marks written by the SETD2 histone methyltransferase. PBRM1 binds SETD2 methyl marks via BAH domains, recruiting PBAF components to the mitotic spindle. This read-write activity was required for normal mitosis: Loss of SETD2 methylation or pathogenic BAH domain mutations disrupt PBRM1 microtubule binding and PBAF recruitment and cause genomic instability. These data reveal PBRM1 functions beyond chromatin remodeling with domains that allow it to integrate chromatin and cytoskeletal activity via its acetyl-binding BD and methyl-binding BAH domains, respectively. Conserved coordinated activity of the epigenetic machinery on the cytoskeleton opens a previously unknown window into how chromatin remodeler defects can drive disease via both epigenetic and cytoskeletal dysfunction.
Microtubules , Reading , Chromatin/metabolism , Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly , Cytoskeleton/metabolism , Microtubules/metabolism
