Heart failure admission across glomerular filtration rate categories in a community cohort of 125,053 individuals over 60 years of age.

A reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) has been described as a predictor of heart failure (HF). However, the increased risk across eGFR categories has not been fully evaluated, which is especially relevant in older individuals in whom both the prevalence of HF and decreased eGFR are higher. Furthermore, this association has not been studied in Mediterranean populations, where coronary heart disease (CHD), a frequent cause of HF, has a low prevalence. We performed a retrospective cohort study using the electronic medical records from primary and hospital settings in northeastern Spain. We included 125,053 individuals ≥60 years old with the determination of creatinine and without diagnosis or previous admission due to HF. The eGFR was calculated according to the CKD-EPI formula and classified by clinical categories. The association between eGFR, as a continuous and categorical variable, and the risk of admission due to HF was assessed by Cox proportional risk analysis, considering death as a competitive risk. During a median follow-up of 38.8 months, 2,176 individuals (1.74%) were hospitalized due to HF. The unadjusted admission rates were 4.02, 13.0, 26.0, and 48.6 per 1000 person-years for eGFR > 60, 45-59, 30-44, and 15-29 ml/min/1.73 m2, respectively. The corresponding hazard ratios (95% confidence interval; reference eGFR 60-89) were 1.38 (95% CI 1.23-1.55), 2.02 (95% CI 1.76-2.32) and 3.46 (95% CI 2.78-4.31). In this Mediterranean community-based cohort of individuals ≥60 years old without previous HF, the risk of admission due to HF gradually increased with decreasing eGFR.

Tasa de filtrado glomerular estimada, eventos cardiovasculares y mortalidad por grupos de edad en individuos de 60 o más años del sur de Europa / Estimated glomerular filtration rate, cardiovascular events and mortality across age groups among individuals older than 60 years in Southern Europe

Introducción y objetivos: Los individuos con tasa de filtrado glomerular estimada (TFGe) disminuida tienen mayor riesgo de muerte por todas las causas (MT) y cardiovascular; se debate si los sujetos mayores con TFGe entre 45 y 59 ml/min/1,73 m2 también tienen un riesgo aumentado. Se evaluó la asociación entre la TFGe y la MT y los eventos cardiovasculares (ECV) en individuos de edad 60-74 y ≥ 75 años en un área de baja incidencia de enfermedad coronaria. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de cohortes utilizando registros electrónicos de atención primaria y hospital. Se incluyó a 130.233 individuos de 60 o más años con una determinación de creatinina entre el 1 de enero de 2010 y el 31 de diciembre de 2011 y una TFGe según la fórmula de la Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration. Las asociaciones independientes entre la TFGe y la MT y el ingreso por ECV se evaluaron mediante modelos de regresión de Cox y Fine-Gray respectivamente. Resultados: Media de edad, 70 años; el 56,1% eran mujeres. El 13,5% tenía una TFGe < 60 (el 69,7%, TFGe 45-59). Durante una mediana de seguimiento de 38,2 meses, 6.474 participantes fallecieron y 3.746 presentaron ECV. Tanto para la MT como para los ECV, las HR ajustadas de los participantes de 75 o más años fueron significativas con TFGe < 60. Con TFGe 45-59, para MT fueron HR = 1,61; IC95%, 1,37-1,89 y HR = 1,19; IC95%, 1,10-1,28 en los grupos de edad de 60-74 y ≥ 75 años respectivamente, y para ECV, HR = 1,28; IC95%, 1,08-1,51 y HR = 1,12; IC95%, 0,99-1,26. Conclusiones: En un área de baja incidencia de enfermedad coronaria, el riesgo de muerte y ECV fue de mayor a menor TFGe. A edades ≥ 75 años, la categoría de TFGe 45-59, en el límite significativo de ECV, incluyó a muchos individuos sin riesgo adicional significativo

Introduction and objectives: Individuals with a decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are at increased risk of all-cause (ACM) and cardiovascular mortality; there is ongoing debate about whether older individuals with eGFR 45 to 59 mL/min/1.73 m2 are also at increased risk. We evaluated the association between eGFR and ACM and cardiovascular events (CVE) in people aged 60 to 74 and ≥ 75 years in a population with a low coronary disease incidence. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study by using primary care and hospital electronic records. We included 130 233 individuals aged ≥ 60 years with creatinine measurement between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2011; eGFR was estimated by using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration creatinine equation. The independent association between eGFR and the risk of ACM and hospital admission due to CVE were determined with Cox and Fine-Gray regressions, respectively. Results: The median was age 70 years, and 56.1% were women; 13.5% had eGFR < 60 (69.7% eGFR 45-59). During a median follow-up of 38.2 months, 6474 participants died and 3746 had a CVE. For ACM and CVE, the HR in older individuals became significant at eGFR < 60. Fully adjusted HR for ACM in the eGFR 45 to 59 category were 1.61; 95%CI, 1.37-1.89 and 1.19; 95%CI, 1.10-1.28 in 60- to 74-year-olds and ≥ 75-year-olds, respectively; for CVE HR were 1.28; 95%CI, 1.08-1.51 and 1.12; 95%CI, 0.99-1.26. Conclusions: In a region with low coronary disease incidence, the risk of death and CVE increased with decreasing eGFR. In ≥ 75-year-olds, the eGFR 45 to 59 category, which had borderline risk for CVE, included many individuals without significant additional risk

Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate, Cardiovascular Events and Mortality Across Age Groups Among Individuals Older Than 60 Years in Southern Europe.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Individuals with a decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are at increased risk of all-cause (ACM) and cardiovascular mortality; there is ongoing debate about whether older individuals with eGFR 45 to 59mL/min/1.73 m2 are also at increased risk. We evaluated the association between eGFR and ACM and cardiovascular events (CVE) in people aged 60 to 74 and ≥ 75 years in a population with a low coronary disease incidence. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study by using primary care and hospital electronic records. We included 130 233 individuals aged ≥ 60 years with creatinine measurement between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2011; eGFR was estimated by using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration creatinine equation. The independent association between eGFR and the risk of ACM and hospital admission due to CVE were determined with Cox and Fine-Gray regressions, respectively. RESULTS: The median was age 70 years, and 56.1% were women; 13.5% had eGFR < 60 (69.7% eGFR 45-59). During a median follow-up of 38.2 months, 6474 participants died and 3746 had a CVE. For ACM and CVE, the HR in older individuals became significant at eGFR < 60. Fully adjusted HR for ACM in the eGFR 45 to 59 category were 1.61; 95%CI, 1.37-1.89 and 1.19; 95%CI, 1.10-1.28 in 60- to 74-year-olds and ≥ 75-year-olds, respectively; for CVE HR were 1.28; 95%CI, 1.08-1.51 and 1.12; 95%CI, 0.99-1.26. CONCLUSIONS: In a region with low coronary disease incidence, the risk of death and CVE increased with decreasing eGFR. In ≥ 75-year-olds, the eGFR 45 to 59 category, which had borderline risk for CVE, included many individuals without significant additional risk.

Enfermedad renal crónica en individuos hipertensos mayores o iguales a 60 años atendidos en Atención Primaria / Chronic kidney disease in hypertensive subjects Greater than or equal to 60 years treated in Primary Care

Antecedentes: La hipertensión arterial (HTA) es la segunda causa de insuficiencia renal. En hipertensos con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) el control de la presión arterial (PA) es la intervención más importante para minimizar la progresión. Para el diagnóstico de ERC se recomienda la determinación estandarizada de creatinina y filtrado glomerular estimado (FGe) según CKD-EPI. Objetivos: Describir la prevalencia y los factores asociados a la disminución moderada del FGe (según CKD-EPI) y el control de PA en individuos con HTA. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal en individuos ≥60 años incluidos en la base de datos SIDIAP plus con HTA y registro de creatinina sérica estandarizada y PA en últimos 2años. Criterios de exclusión: FGe<30, diálisis o trasplante renal, enfermedad cardiovascular previa, atención domiciliaria. Variable principal: FGe según CKD-EPI. Covariables: datos demográficos, exploración, factores de riesgo cardiovascular, diagnósticos de insuficiencia cardiaca y fibrilación auricular y fármacos (antihipertensivos con acción sobre función renal, antiagregantes, hipolipidemiantes). Criterio de control de la PA: ≤130/80mmHg en individuos con albuminuria, ≤140/90 en el resto. Resultados: Prevalencia FGe<60: 18,8%. Factores asociados: edad, sexo, insuficiencia cardiaca, cociente albúmina/creatinina, fibrilación auricular, hábito tabáquico, dislipidemia, diabetes y obesidad. Control de la PA: 66,14 y 63,24% en FGe≥60 y FGe<60 respectivamente (p<0,05). La exposición a fármacos fue superior en FGe<60. Conclusiones: Uno de cada 5hipertensos sin enfermedad cardiovascular ≥60 años en atención primaria presentó disminución moderada del FGe. Además de la edad y el sexo, la albuminuria y la insuficiencia cardiaca fueron los principales factores asociados. A pesar de la mayor exposición a fármacos, el control de la PA fue inferior en ERC (AU)

Background: Hypertension (HT) is the second leading cause of kidney failure. In hypertensive patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), blood pressure (BP) control is the most important intervention to minimise progression. For CKD diagnosis, standardised creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) testing by CKD-EPI is recommended. Objectives: To describe the prevalence and factors associated with a moderate decrease in eGFR (by CKD-EPI) and BP control in subjects with HT. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study in subjects ≥ 60 years included in the SIDIAP plus database with hypertension and standardised serum creatinine and BP tests in the last 2years. Exclusion criteria: eGFR<30, dialysis or kidney transplantation, prior cardiovascular disease, home care. Primary endpoint: eGFR by CKD-EPI formula. Covariates: demographic data, examination, cardiovascular risk factors, heart failure and auricular fibrillation diagnosis, and drugs (antihypertensive agents acting on renal function, antiplatelet and lipid lowering agents). BP control criteria: ≤130/80mmHg in individuals with albuminuria, ≤140/90 in all other subjects. Results: Prevalence of eGFR <60=18.8%. Associated factors: age, gender, heart failure, albumin/creatinine ratio, auricular fibrillation, smoking, dyslipidaemia, diabetes and obesity. BP control: 66.14 and 63.24% in eGFR≥60 and eGFR <60, respectively (P<.05). Exposure to drugs was higher in eGFR<60. Conclusion: One in 5hypertensive patients without cardiovascular disease ≥60 years in primary care presented with a moderate decrease in eGFR. In addition to age and sex, albuminuria and heart failure were the main associated factors. Despite the increased exposure to drugs, BP control was lower in CKD (AU)

Chronic kidney disease in hypertensive subjects ≥60 years treated in Primary Care. / Enfermedad renal crónica en individuos hipertensos ≥60 años atendidos en Atención Primaria.

BACKGROUND: Hypertension (HT) is the second leading cause of kidney failure. In hypertensive patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), blood pressure (BP) control is the most important intervention to minimise progression. For CKD diagnosis, standardised creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) testing by CKD-EPI is recommended. OBJECTIVES: To describe the prevalence and factors associated with a moderate decrease in eGFR (by CKD-EPI) and BP control in subjects with HT. METHODS: Cross-sectional descriptive study in subjects ≥ 60 years included in the SIDIAP plus database with hypertension and standardised serum creatinine and BP tests in the last 2years. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: eGFR<30, dialysis or kidney transplantation, prior cardiovascular disease, home care. Primary endpoint: eGFR by CKD-EPI formula. Covariates: demographic data, examination, cardiovascular risk factors, heart failure and auricular fibrillation diagnosis, and drugs (antihypertensive agents acting on renal function, antiplatelet and lipid lowering agents). BP control criteria: ≤130/80mmHg in individuals with albuminuria, ≤140/90 in all other subjects. RESULTS: Prevalence of eGFR <60=18.8%. Associated factors: age, gender, heart failure, albumin/creatinine ratio, auricular fibrillation, smoking, dyslipidaemia, diabetes and obesity. BP control: 66.14 and 63.24% in eGFR≥60 and eGFR <60, respectively (P<.05). Exposure to drugs was higher in eGFR<60. CONCLUSION: One in 5hypertensive patients without cardiovascular disease ≥60 years in primary care presented with a moderate decrease in eGFR. In addition to age and sex, albuminuria and heart failure were the main associated factors. Despite the increased exposure to drugs, BP control was lower in CKD.