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INTRODUCTION: The incorporation of a three-dimensional (3D) framework enables the surgeon to strategically plan their surgical intervention through the utilisation of the printed model. This encompasses the process of ascertaining the surgical approach, choosing the suitable reduction technique, finding the required implant dimensions, defining the ideal placement and alignment of the implant, and conducting a simulated practise of the procedure using a 3D printed duplicate of the anatomical structures. Therefore, we designed this study to evaluate the role of two imaging modalities (computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) for pre-surgical planning for orthopaedic surgeries. METHODOLOGY: The present investigation entailed a prospective analysis of total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) that were performed using patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) from 2019 to 2022. After performing the bone resection operation utilising a customised cutting jig specific to each patient, the exact thickness of the resected bone was evaluated using a vernier calliper. In the MRI group, the researchers directly compared the cutting thickness during surgery with the consistency planned before the operation. In contrast, the CT group added the presumed cartilage thickness (2 mm) to the actual thickness of the bone that was removed from the lateral condyles. RESULTS: The planned incision thickness in the distal femoral was 8.5 ± 0.8 in the CT group and 8.9 ± 0.5 in the MRI group, while the actual incision thickness was reported as 9.8 ± 0.54 in CT and 8.3 ± 1.1; however, no significant mean difference was found between both groups. The planned incision thickness was 2.6 ± 1.1 in the CT group and 2.43 ± 1.66 in the MRI group, while the actual thickness was observed as 2.5 ± 0.6 and 2.88 ± 1.12 without significant difference (p = 0.86). CONCLUSION: While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows for the visualisation of cartilage, it has been observed that the MRI-based patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) system does not exhibit superior accuracy in projecting bone incision thickness compared to the computed tomography (CT)-based PSI system.
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Virotherapy is emerging as an alternative treatment of cancer. Among the candidate oncolytic viruses (OVs), Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has emerged as a promising non-engineered OV. In the present communication, we explored the oncolytic potential of R2B Mukteshwar strain of NDV using SW-620 colon cancer cells. SW-620 cells were xenografted in nude mice and after evaluation of the safety profile, 1 x 107 plaque forming units (PFU) of NDV were inoculated as virotherapeutic agent via the intratumoral (I/T) and intravenous (I/V) route. Tumor growth inhibition was compared with their respective control groups by gross volume and histopathological evaluation. Antibody titer and virus survival were measured by hemagglutination inhibition (HI)/serum neutralization test (SNT) and real-time PCR, respectively. During the safety trial, the test strain did not produce any abnormal symptoms nor weight loss in BALB/c mice. Significant tumor lytic activity was evident when viruses were injected via the I/T route. There was a 43 and 57% tumor growth inhibition on absolute and relative tumor volume basis, respectively, compared with mock control. On the same basis, the I/V route treatment resulted in 40 and 16% of inhibition, respectively. Histopathological examination revealed that the virus caused apoptosis, followed by necrosis, but immune cell infiltration was not remarkable. The virus survived in 2/2 mice until day 10 and in 3/6 mice by day 19, with both routes of administration. Anti-NDV antibodies were generated at moderate level and the titer reached a maximum of 1:32 and 1:64 via the I/T and I/V routes, respectively. In conclusion, the test NDV strain was found to be safe and showed oncolytic activity against the SW-620 cell line in mice.