Use of Additive Technologies in Surgical Treatment of Chronic Posterior Dislocations of the Shoulder.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of additive technologies in surgical treatment of patients with osteochondral defects of the humeral head articular surface against the background of chronic posterior dislocation of the shoulder by means of comparing clinical and radiological results with the McLaughlin procedure. Materials and Methods: A prospective randomized comparative group clinical study was conducted, which included 20 patients who in 2019-2021 underwent surgical treatment of chronic posterior dislocation of the shoulder in the Traumatological and Orthopedic Department of the Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics of the Privolzhsky Research Medical University (Nizhny Novgorod, Russia). Depending on the type of surgery, all patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n=10) was subject to McLaughlin procedure, whereas group 2 (n=10) - to reconstruction of the humeral head using a customized implant based on additive technologies (3D printing). To assess postoperative results, 6 months after the surgery all patients underwent the following procedures: X-ray imaging of the shoulder joint in two projections, CT scanning, and angulometry as well as provided their responses in line with the following questionnaires: Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder Score (ASES), Constant Shoulder Score (CSS), Shoulder Rating Questionnaire (SRQ), and the Hospital for Special Surgery Shoulder Surgery Expectations Survey (Survey of patient, SP). Results: Both the McLaughlin procedure and the reconstruction of the humeral head using a customized implant made using additive 3D printing technologies increased the range of motion in the shoulder joint, mitigated the pain syndrome and improved the patients' quality of life. During the postoperative period, there were no infectious complications in both groups. The total bed-day in group 1 was 7 [5; 9] days; in group 2, it was 8 [6; 9] days. There was no recurrence of dislocation or progression of osteoarthritis of the shoulder joint in patients in both groups during 6 months after the surgery. The ASES, SP, SRQ, CSS, DASH, and VAS questionnaires assessment for both groups showed a statistically significant improvement for all indicators in the postoperative period. There were no statistically significant differences found between the groups as to the results of angulometry and answering the questionnaires. Conclusion: Customized implants made using additive technologies can shorten the surgery duration by 1.3 times, whereas the volume of intraoperative blood loss - by at least 1.5 times compared to the McLaughlin procedure.

Tailoring spontaneous infrared emission of HgTe quantum dots with laser-printed plasmonic arrays.

Chemically synthesized near-infrared to mid-infrared (IR) colloidal quantum dots (QDs) offer a promising platform for the realization of devices including emitters, detectors, security, and sensor systems. However, at longer wavelengths, the quantum yield of such QDs decreases as the radiative emission rate drops following Fermi's golden rule, while non-radiative recombination channels compete with light emission. Control over the radiative and non-radiative channels of the IR-emitting QDs is crucially important to improve the performance of IR-range devices. Here, we demonstrate strong enhancement of the spontaneous emission rate of near- to mid-IR HgTe QDs coupled to periodically arranged plasmonic nanoantennas, in the form of nanobumps, produced on the surface of glass-supported Au films via ablation-free direct femtosecond laser printing. The enhancement is achieved by simultaneous radiative coupling of the emission that spectrally matches the first-order lattice resonance of the arrays, as well as more efficient photoluminescence excitation provided by coupling of the pump radiation to the local surface plasmon resonances of the isolated nanoantennas. Moreover, coupling of the HgTe QDs to the lattice plasmons reduces the influence of non-radiative decay losses mediated by the formation of polarons formed between QD surface-trapped carriers and the IR absorption bands of dodecanethiol used as a ligand on the QDs, allowing us to improve the shape of the emission spectrum through a reduction in the spectral dip related to this ligand coupling. Considering the ease of the chemical synthesis and processing of the HgTe QDs combined with the scalability of the direct laser fabrication of nanoantennas with tailored plasmonic responses, our results provide an important step towards the design of IR-range devices for various applications.

Plasmonic Nanolenses Produced by Cylindrical Vector Beam Printing for Sensing Applications.

Interaction of complex-shaped light fields with specially designed plasmonic nanostructures gives rise to various intriguing optical phenomena like nanofocusing of surface waves, enhanced nonlinear optical response and appearance of specific low-loss modes, which can not be excited with ordinary Gaussian-shaped beams. Related complex-shaped nanostructures are commonly fabricated using rather expensive and time-consuming electron- and ion-beam lithography techniques limiting real-life applicability of such an approach. In this respect, plasmonic nanostructures designed to benefit from their excitation with complex-shaped light fields, as well as high-performing techniques allowing inexpensive and flexible fabrication of such structures, are of great demand for various applications. Here, we demonstrate a simple direct maskless laser-based approach for fabrication of back-reflector-coupled plasmonic nanorings arrays. The approach is based on delicate ablation of an upper metal film of a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) sandwich with donut-shaped laser pulses followed by argon ion-beam polishing. After being excited with a radially polarized beam, the MIM configuration of the nanorings permitted to realize efficient nanofocusing of constructively interfering plasmonic waves excited in the gap area between the nanoring and back-reflector mirror. For optimized MIM geometry excited by radially polarized CVB, substantial enhancement of the electromagnetic near-fields at the center of the ring within a single focal spot with the size of 0.37λ2 can be achieved, which is confirmed by Finite Difference Time Domain calculations, as well as by detection of 100-fold enhanced photoluminescent signal from adsorbed organic dye molecules. Simple large-scale and cost-efficient fabrication procedure offering also a freedom in the choice of materials to design MIM structures, along with remarkable optical and plasmonic characteristics of the produced structures make them promising for realization of various nanophotonic and biosensing platforms that utilize cylindrical vector beam as a pump source.

[Combinative methods of treatment of patients with complicated urolithiasis].

The authors showed that urolithiasis is the second disease after inflammatory nonspecific kidney and urinary tract diseases and has a tendency to increase. 3-5% of patients suffer this disease, and 30-40% of all patients of urology in-patients department suffer nephrolithiasis. Introduction into clinical practice of modern minimally invasive treatment methods changed the paradigm of treatment of urolithiasis, especially coral type nephrolithiasis - cause of 15-50% of all renal calculi. The authors presented results of combinative treatment of 183 patients with different complicated forms of urolithiasis. The technique of percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (in supine position) was modified. It helped to reduce complications, time of surgery and radiation exposure. The effectiveness of simultaneous contact ureterolithotripsy and percutaneous nephrolithotripsy in patients with renal or ureters calculi, and simultaneous litholysis and distance lithotripsy in patients with metabolic disorders is shown. Combinative methods of treatment of complicated forms of urolithiasis are based on modern minimally invasive technologies and are very effective.

[Kinesitherapy in the early postoperative period following intramedullary osteosynthesis of tibial fractures].

A program of postoperative kinesitherapy oriented to normalize the muscular force of the shin, reduce the time needed to restore the weight-bearing function of the affected leg, and treat pain syndrome has been developed for the patients presenting with fractures, nonunions, and pseudoarthrosis of the tibia that were treated using intramedullary osteosynthesis. The efficacy of the program was evaluated in terms of restoration of the muscular force in the shin and improvement of microcirculation in the affected region.

[Specific features with of intramedullary osteosynthesis with blocking in fractures of the shin bones at different levels].

The results of closed intramedullary osteosynthesis with blocking were analyzed in 180 patients with open (in 22) and closed (in 158 patients) fractures of shin bones fulfilled within the period from 3 days to 3.5 months after trauma. In 16 patients the intramedullary canal was drilled out. The exact reposition of the shin-bone in closed intramedullary osteosynthesis was obtained in 142 patients: the terms of consolidation in this case were (6.4+/-1.3) months. The examination of all the patients in the period from 6 months to 2 years after operation has shown consolidation of the shin-bone fracture in 176 (97.7%) of them.

[The risk of developing mammary tumors in rats irradiated with accelerated charged particles and rare ionizing radiation. The RBE coefficients]. / Risk razvitiia opukholei molochnykh zhelez u krys, obluchennykh uskorennymi zariazhennymi chastitsami i redkoioniziruiushchim izlucheniem. Koéffitsienty OBE>

Frequency, development time and histological structure of mammary gland tumors were studied in rats irradiated with 645 MeV and 9 GeV protons, 4 GeV helium ions and 60Co gamma rays. The risk of the tumor development and the RBE coefficients were estimated.