The immunotherapy mechanism of Hedyotis Diffusae Herba in treating liver cancer: a study based on network pharmacology, bioinformatics, and experimental validation.

Liver cancer is a malignant tumor that develops on or inside the liver. Hedyotis diffusa Willd (HDW) plays a significant role in anti-tumor activities; however, its mechanism against liver cancer remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the immunotherapeutic mechanism of HDW in treating liver cancer through network pharmacology, bioinformatics analysis, and experimental validation. Network pharmacology was utilized to identify the active components and potential targets of HDW from the TCMSP database. A potential target protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the STRING database, followed by function and pathway enrichment analysis of the targets using GO and KEGG methods. In addition, the key targets for HDW against liver cancer were identified using five different algorithms in Cytoscape. The TCGA and HPA databases were used to assess the mRNA and protein expression of core target genes in normal liver and liver cancer tissues and their relationship with overall survival in liver cancer, as well as their role in immune infiltration. Molecular docking between the core components of HDW and the core targets was performed using PyMOL software. The effects of HDW on the proliferation and apoptosis of liver cancer cells were examined using MTT and flow cytometry. The regulatory effects of the core component quercetin on core targets were validated using RT-qPCR and Western blot. A total of 163 potential targets were identified by searching for intersections among 7 types of active components and all potential and liver cancer targets. PPI network analysis revealed the core targets IL6 and TNF. GO enrichment analysis involved 2089 biological processes, 76 cellular components, and 196 molecular functions. KEGG enrichment analysis suggested that the anti-cancer effects of HDW might be mediated by the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and NF-κB signaling pathway. Database validation of key targets showed that mRNA and protein expression results for the IL6 gene were contradictory, while those for the TNF gene were consistent, both being underexpressed in liver cancer. Importantly, the expression of IL6 and TNF was related to the infiltration of 24 types of immune cells, with the highest correlation with macrophages. Molecular docking showed that IL6 and TNF had high binding stability with quercetin, with binding energies of - 7.4 and - 6.0 kJ∙mol-1, respectively. Experimental validation showed that quercetin inhibited liver cancer cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, with protein results indicating that quercetin downregulated the mRNA and protein expression of IL6 and TNF, and upregulated key proteins in the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, AGEs, and RAGE. This study comprehensively elucidates the activity, potential targets, and molecular mechanisms of HDW against liver cancer, providing a promising strategy for the scientific basis and treatment mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in treating liver cancer.

Harnessing the Potential of Quinoa: Nutritional Profiling, Bioactive Components, and Implications for Health Promotion.

Quinoa, a globally cultivated "golden grain" belonging to Chenopodium in the Amaranthaceae family, is recognized for being gluten-free, with a balanced amino acid profile and multiple bioactive components, including peptides, polysaccharides, polyphenols, and saponins. The bioactive compounds extracted from quinoa offer multifaceted health benefits, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, cardiovascular disease (CVD) improvement, gut microbiota regulation, and anti-cancer effects. This review aims to intricately outline quinoa's nutritional value, functional components, and physiological benefits. Importantly, we comprehensively provide conclusions on the effects and mechanisms of these quinoa-derived bioactive components on multiple cancer types, revealing the potential of quinoa seeds as promising and effective anti-cancer agents. Furthermore, the health-promoting role of quinoa in modulating gut microbiota, maintaining gut homeostasis, and protecting intestinal integrity was specifically emphasized. Finally, we provided a forward-looking description of the opportunities and challenges for the future exploration of quinoa. However, in-depth studies of molecular targets and clinical trials are warranted to fully understand the bioavailability and therapeutic application of quinoa-derived compounds, especially in cancer treatment and gut microbiota regulation. This review sheds light on the prospect of developing dietary quinoa into functional foods or drugs to prevent and manage human diseases.

Efficient Chemical Synthesis of Multi-Monoubiquitylated and Diubiquitylated Histones by the α-Halogen Ketone-Mediated Strategy.

The chemical synthesis of homogeneously ubiquitylated histones is a powerful approach to decipher histone ubiquitylation-dependent epigenetic regulation. Among the various methods, α-halogen ketone-mediated conjugation chemistry has recently been an attractive strategy to generate single-monoubiquitylated histones for biochemical and structural studies. Herein, we report the use of this strategy to prepare not only dual- and even triple-monoubiquitylated histones but also diubiquitin-modified histones. We were surprised to find that the synthetic efficiencies of multi-monoubiquitylated histones were comparable to those of single-monoubiquitylated ones, suggesting that this strategy is highly tolerant to the number of ubiquitin monomers installed onto histones. The facile generation of a series of single-, dual-, and triple-monoubiquitylated H3 proteins enabled us to evaluate the influence of ubiquitylation patterns on the binding of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) to nucleosomes. Our study highlights the potential of site-specific conjugation chemistry to generate chemically defined histones for epigenetic studies.

Study on O3-NOx-VOCs combined air pollution and ozone health effects in the Hexi Corridor.

In order to study the ecological and atmospheric recovery of the Hexi Corridor region, this paper analyzes the migration changes of land use characteristics and utilizes multivariate data and BenMAP-CE software to study the pollution characteristics of ozone and its precursors and the impact on human health in the Hexi Corridor region. The results showed that the increase of cultivated land area in the Hexi Corridor mainly originated from grassland. The MDA8-O3 concentrations met the primary and secondary standards of the Ambient Air Quality Standards on 43% and 99% of the days, respectively. NO2 showed a negative weekend effect with O3, and HCHO was opposite to it. Temperature, barometric pressure, and vegetation were highly correlated with O3-NO2-HCHO. Ozone pollution in the study area caused about 60% of all-cause premature deaths due to cardiovascular diseases. The study suggests that controlling exogenous transport in Wuwei City during the high ozone period (except August) is mainly dominated by the west and northwest, and that synergistic management of VOCs and NOx emissions can reduce O3 pollution and, consequently, reduce the risk to human health.

Exosomes Derived from Rejuvenated Stem Cells Inactivate NLRP3 Inflammasome and Pyroptosis of Nucleus Pulposus Cells via the Transfer of Antioxidants.

BACKGROUND: Accumulating evidence supports the potential of exosomes as a promising therapeutic approach for intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Nevertheless, enhancing the efficiency of exosome treatment remains an urgent concern. This study investigated the impact of quercetin on the characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their released exosomes. METHODS: Exosomes were obtained from quercetin pre-treated MSCs and quantified for the production based on nanoparticle tracking and western blot analysis. The molecules involved in the secretion and cargo sorting of exosomes were investigated using western blot and immunofluorescence analysis. Based on the in vitro biological analysis and in vivo histological analysis, the effects of exosomes derived from conventional or quercetin-treated MSCs on nucleus pulposus (NP) cells were compared. RESULTS: A significant enhancement in the production and transportation efficiency of exosomes was observed in quercetin-treated MSCs. Moreover, the exosomes derived from quercetin-treated MSCs exhibited a greater abundance of antioxidant proteins, specifically superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), which inhibit the activation of NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in NP cells. Through in vitro and in vivo experiments, it was elucidated that exosomes derived from quercetin-treated MSCs possessed enhanced anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. CONCLUSION: Collectively, our research underscores an optimized therapeutic strategy for IDD utilizing MSC-derived exosomes, thereby augmenting the efficacy of exosomes in intervertebral disc regeneration.

The Role and Function of TRPM8 in the Digestive System.

Transient receptor potential (TRP) melastatin member 8 (TRPM8) is a non-selective cation channel that can be activated by low temperatures (8-26 °C), cooling agents (including menthol analogs such as menthol, icilin, and WS-12), voltage, and extracellular osmotic pressure changes. TRPM8 expression has been identified in the digestive system by several research teams, demonstrating its significant involvement in tissue function and pathologies of the digestive system. Specifically, studies have implicated TRPM8 in various physiological and pathological processes of the esophagus, stomach, colorectal region, liver, and pancreas. This paper aims to comprehensively outline the distinct role of TRPM8 in different organs of the digestive system, offering insights for future mechanistic investigations of TRPM8. Additionally, it presents potential therapeutic targets for treating conditions such as digestive tract inflammation, tumors, sensory and functional disorders, and other related diseases. Furthermore, this paper addresses the limitations of existing studies and highlights the research prospects associated with TRPM8.

Thermodynamic Analysis of Eplerenone in 13 Pure Solvents at Temperatures from 283.15 to 323.15 K.

The solubility of eplerenone (EP) in 13 pure solvents (acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), acetone, 2-butanone, 4-methyl-2-pentanone, ethyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, ethanol, and 1-propanol) was determined by the gravimetric method at atmospheric pressure and various temperatures (from 283.15 to 323.15 K). The results showed that the solubility of EP in the selected solvents was positively correlated with the thermodynamic temperature, and the order of solubility of EP at 298.15 K was acetonitrile > DMF > 2-butanone > methyl acetate > 4-methyl-2-pentanone > methyl propionate > ethyl acetate > propyl acetate > ethyl formate > acetone > butyl acetate > ethanol >1-propanol. The modified Apelblat model, van't Hoff model, λh model, and polynomial empirical model were used for fitting the solubility data, and then the λh model was found to have the highest fitting accuracy with a minimum ARD of 7.0 × 10-3 and a minimum RMSD of 6.1 × 10-6. The solvent effect between the solute and the solvent was analyzed using linear solvation energy relationship (LSER), and the enthalpy of solvation (ΔsolH°), entropy of solvation (ΔsolS°), and Gibbs free energy of solvation (ΔsolG°) of the dissolution process of EP were calculated by the van't Hoff model, which indicated that the dissolution process of EP in the selected solvents was endothermic, nonspontaneous, and entropy-increasing. In this work, the solubility, dissolution characteristics, and thermodynamic parameters of EP were studied, which will provide data support for the production, crystallization, and purification of EP and will provide important guidance for the crystallization optimization of EP in industry.

Primulaweiliei (Primulaceae), a new species from Hubei, Central China.

In this study, we describe and illustrate a new species, Primulaweiliei L.S.Yang, Z.K.Wu & G.W.Hu, from the Shennongjia Forestry District, Hubei Province in Central China. It is morphologically assigned to Primulasect.Aleuritia based on its dwarf and hairless habit, long petiole, fruits longer than calyx and covered by farina on the scape. This new species is similar to P.gemmifera and P.munroisubsp.yargongensis in the same section, but it can be distinguished by its smaller calyxes, homostylous flowers, corolla tube throat without annular appendage and only 1-2 flowers in each inflorescence. Based on the assessment conducted according to the IUCN Red List criteria, we propose that P.weiliei be classified as a Critically Endangered (CR) species.

Smartphone-enabled colorimetric immunoassay for deoxynivalenol based on Mn2+-mediated aggregation of AuNPs.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a common mycotoxin in food that mainly pollutes grain crops and feeds, such as barley, wheat and corn. DON has caused widespread concern in the field of food and feed safety. In this study, a colorimetric immunoassay was proposed based on the aggregation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) due to the decomposition of Mn2+ from gold-coated manganese dioxide (AuNP@MnO2) nanosheets. In this study, 2-(dihydrogen phosphate)-l-ascorbic acid (AAP) was hydrolyzed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and converted to ascorbic acid (AA). Then, AuNP@MnO2 was reduced to Mn2+ and AuNPs aggregation occurred. Using the unique optical characteristics of AuNPs and AuNP@MnO2, visible color changes realized simple detection of DON with high sensitivity and portability. With increasing DON content, the color changed more obviously. To quantitatively detect DON, pictures can be taken and the blue value can be read by a smartphone. The detection limit (Ic10) of this method was 0.098 ng mL-1, which was 326 times higher than that of traditional competitive ELISA, and the detection range was 0.177-6.073 ng mL-1. This method exhibited high specificity with no cross-reaction in other structural analogs. The average recovery rate of DON in corn flour samples was 89.1 %-110.2 %, demonstrating the high accuracy and stability of this assay in actual sample detection. Therefore, the colorimetric immunoassay can be used for DON-related food safety monitoring.

Integrative analysis identifies molecular features of fibroblast and the significance of fibrosis on neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: The molecular features of fibroblasts and the role of fibrosis in neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) response and breast cancer (BRCA) prognosis remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of interstitial fibrosis on the response and prognosis of patients with BRCA undergoing NAC treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The molecular characteristics of pathologic complete response (pCR) and non-pCR (npCR) in patients with BRCA were analyzed using multiomics analysis. A clinical cohort was collected to investigate the predictive value of fibrosis in patients with BRCA. RESULTS: Fibrosis-related signaling pathways were significantly upregulated in patients with npCR. npCR may be associated with distinct and highly active fibroblast subtypes. Patients with high fibrosis had lower pCR rates. The fibrosis-dependent nomogram for pCR showed efficient predictive ability [training set: area under the curve [AUC]=0.871, validation set: AUC=0.792]. Patients with low fibrosis had a significantly better prognosis than those with high fibrosis, and those with a high fibrotic focus index had significantly shorter overall and recurrence-free survival. Therefore, fibrosis can be used to predict pCR. Our findings provide a basis for decision-making in the treatment of BRCA. CONCLUSIONS: npCR is associated with a distinct and highly active fibroblast subtype. Furthermore, patients with high fibrosis have lower pCR rates and shorter long-term survival. Therefore, fibrosis can predict pCR. A nomogram that includes fibrosis can provide a basis for decision-making in the treatment of BRCA.

Cadmium biosorption and mechanism investigation using two cadmium-tolerant microorganisms isolated from rhizosphere soil of rice.

Microbial remediation of cadmium-contaminated soil offers advantages like environmental friendliness, cost-effectiveness, and simple operation. However, the efficacy of this remediation process relies on obtaining dominant strains and a comprehensive understanding of their Cd adsorption mechanisms. This study identified two Cd-resistant bacteria, Burkholderia sp. 1-22 and Bacillus sp. 6-6, with significant growth-promoting effects from rice rhizosphere soil. The strains showed remarkable Cd resistance up to ∼200 mg/L and alleviated Cd toxicity by regulating pH and facilitating bacterial adsorption of Cd. FTIR analysis showed crucial surface functional groups, like carboxyl and amino groups, on bacteria played significant roles in Cd adsorption. The strains could induce CdCO3 formation via a microbially induced calcium precipitation (MICP) mechanism, confirmed by SEM-EDS, X-ray analysis, and elemental mapping. Pot experiments showed these strains significantly increased organic matter and enzyme activity (e.g., urease, sucrase, peroxidase) in the rhizosphere soil versus the control group. These changes are crucial for restricting Cd mobility. Furthermore, strains 6-6 and 1-22 significantly enhance plant root detoxification of Cd, alleviating toxicity. Notably, increased pH likely plays a vital role in enhancing Cd precipitation and adsorption by strains, converting free Cd into non-bioavailable forms.

Structure-activity relationship study of anti-wear additives in rapeseed oil based on machine learning and logistic regression.

Anti-wear performance is a crucial quality of lubricants, and it is important to conduct research into the structure-activity relationship of anti-wear additives in bio-based lubricants. These lubricants are eco-friendly and energy-efficient. A literature review resulted in the construction of a dataset comprising 779 anti-wear properties of 79 anti-wear additives in rapeseed oil, at various loadings and additive levels. The anti-wear additives were classified into six groups, including phosphoric acid, formate esters, borate esters, thiazoles, triazine derivatives, and thiophene. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the quantity and kind of anti-wear agents had significant effects on the anti-wear properties of rapeseed oil, with phosphoric acid being the most effective and thiophene being the least effective. To identify the specific structural data that affect the anti-wear capabilities of additives in bio-based lubricants of rapeseed oil, a random forest classification model was developed. The results showed a 0.964 accuracy (ACC) and a 0.931 Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) on the test set. The ranking of importance and characterization of MACCS descriptors in the model confirms that anti-wear additives with chemical structures containing P, O, N, S and heterocyclic groups, along with more than two methyl groups, improve the anti-wear performance of rapeseed oil. The application of data analysis and machine learning to investigate the classifications and structural characteristics of anti-wear additives in rapeseed oil provides data references and guiding principles for designing anti-wear additives in bio-based lubricants.

Visual-Preserving Mesh Repair.

Mesh repair is a long-standing challenge in computer graphics and related fields. Converting defective meshes into watertight manifold meshes can greatly benefit downstream applications such as geometric processing, simulation, fabrication, learning, and synthesis. In this work, by assuming the model is visually correct, we first introduce three visual measures for visibility, orientation, and openness, based on ray-tracing. We then present a novel mesh repair framework incorporating visual measures with several critical steps, i.e., open surface closing, face reorientation, and global optimization, to effectively repair meshes with defects (e.g., gaps, holes, self-intersections, degenerate elements, and inconsistent orientations) and preserve visual appearances. Our method reduces unnecessary mesh complexity without compromising geometric accuracy or visual quality while preserving input attributes such as UV coordinates for rendering. We evaluate our approach on hundreds of models randomly selected from ShapeNet and Thingi10K, demonstrating its effectiveness and robustness compared to existing approaches.

Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of the Polysaccharide Hydrolysate from Lactobacillus plantarum LPC-1 and Their Effect on Spinach (Spinach oleracea L.) Growth.

This study presents a comparison between two hydrolysis systems (MnO2/H2O2 and ascorbic acid (VC)/H2O2) for the depolymerization of exopolysaccharide (EPS) from Lactobacillus plantarum LPC-1. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize these two degradation systems, resulting in two H2O2-free degradation products, MEPS (MnO2/H2O2-treated EPS) and VEPS (VC/H2O2-treated EPS), where H2O2 residues in the final products and their antioxidant activity were considered vital points. The relationship between the structural variations of two degraded polysaccharides and their antioxidant activity was characterized. Physicochemical tests showed that H2O2 had a notable impact on determining the total and reducing sugars in the polysaccharides, and both degradation systems efficiently eliminated this effect. After optimization, the average molecular weight of EPS was reduced from 265.75 kDa to 135.41 kDa (MEPS) and 113.11 kDa (VEPS), improving its antioxidant properties. Characterization results showed that the two hydrolysis products had similar major functional groups and monosaccharide composition as EPS. The crystal structure, main chain length, and branched chain number were crucial factors affecting the biological activity of polysaccharides. In pot testing, two degraded polysaccharides improved spinach quality more than EPS due to their lower molecular weights, suggesting the advantages of low-molecular-weight polysaccharides. In summary, these two degradation techniques offer valuable insights for further expanding the utilization of microbial resources.

Research Progress of Non-Noble Metal Catalysts for Carbon Dioxide Methanation.

The extensive utilization of fossil fuels has led to a rapid increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration, resulting in various environmental issues. To reduce reliance on fossil fuels and mitigate CO2 emissions, it is important to explore alternative methods of utilizing CO2 and H2 as raw materials to obtain high-value-added chemicals or fuels. One such method is CO2 methanation, which converts CO2 and H2 into methane (CH4), a valuable fuel and raw material for other chemicals. However, CO2 methanation faces challenges in terms of kinetics and thermodynamics. The reaction rate, CO2 conversion, and CH4 yield need to be improved to make the process more efficient. To overcome these challenges, the development of suitable catalysts is essential. Non-noble metal catalysts have gained significant attention due to their high catalytic activity and relatively low cost. In this paper, the thermodynamics and kinetics of the CO2 methanation reaction are discussed. The focus is primarily on reviewing Ni-based, Co-based, and other commonly used catalysts such as Fe-based. The effects of catalyst supports, preparation methods, and promoters on the catalytic performance of the methanation reaction are highlighted. Additionally, the paper summarizes the impact of reaction conditions such as temperature, pressure, space velocity, and H2/CO2 ratio on the catalyst performance. The mechanism of CO2 methanation is also summarized to provide a comprehensive understanding of the process. The objective of this paper is to deepen the understanding of non-noble metal catalysts in CO2 methanation reactions and provide insights for improving catalyst performance. By addressing the limitations of CO2 methanation and exploring the factors influencing catalyst effectiveness, researchers can develop more efficient and cost-effective catalysts for this reaction.

Self-Assembled Core-Shell Structure MgO@TiO2 as a K2CO3 Support with Superior Performance for Direct Air Capture CO2.

Traditional carbon capture and storage technologies for large point sources can at best slow the rate of increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations. In contrast, direct capture of CO2 from ambient air, or "direct air capture" (DAC), offers the potential to become a truly carbon-negative technology. Composite solid adsorbents fabricated by impregnating a porous matrix with K2CO3 are promising adsorbents for the adsorption capture of CO2 from ambient air. Nevertheless, the adsorbent can be rapidly deactivated during continuous adsorption/desorption cycles. In this study, MgO-supported, TiO2-stabilized MgO@TiO2 core-shell structures were prepared as supports using a novel self-assembled (SA) method and then impregnated with 50 wt % K2CO3 (K2CO3/MgO@TiO2, denoted as SA-KM@T). The adsorbent exhibits a high CO2 capture capacity of ∼126.6 mg CO2/g sorbent in direct air adsorption and maintained a performance of 20 adsorption/desorption cycles at 300 °C mid-temperature, which was much better than that of K2CO3/MgO. Analysis proved that the core-shell structure of the support effectively inhibited the reaction between the active component (K2CO3) and the main support (MgO) by the addition of TiO2, resulting in higher reactivity, thermal stability, and antiagglomeration properties. This work provides an alternative strategy for DAC applications using adsorbents.

A novel auxiliary diagnostic model for COVID-19 screening using enzymes based detection of serum biomarkers and clinical characteristics.

The screening for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) based on virus nuclear acid detection and radiology has encountered unprecedented difficulties due to the shortage of kits and facilities, and the lack of sensitivity and specificity, especially for developing countries. The study aimed to develop an auxiliary diagnostic score based on age, biomarkers, clinical characteristics (ABC) to rapidly and accurately screen COVID-19. Serum biomarkers were detected by enzymes catalyzed reaction method which is rapid and accurate. A retrospective case-control study among Chinese patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and those without COVID-19 was conducted. Data of age, sex, signs and symptoms, history of disease, complete blood counts, and serum biochemical items such as ALT and AST were used to establish the diagnostic model. ALT/AST was detected by enzymes based biochemical reaction method. Stepwise logistic regression and random forests with variable selection process were used to establish the model. Ten-fold cross-validation and out-of-bag error were used to assess the accuracy of the models. Decision curve analysis was used to compare different models. A total of 279 cases and 253 controls were recruited, with mean age of 60.7 ± 13.7 and 42.6 ± 20.2, respectively. The regression model selected nine variables with Kappa of 0.77, sensitivity of 0.90, and specificity of 0.87. The random forests retained eight variables with Kappa of 0.76, sensitivity of 0.87, and specificity of 0.89. Based on decision curve analysis, the ABC-based diagnostic score provided the largest net benefit compared to other models with less data input. Subgroup analysis by excluding severely ill cases showed a decreased but acceptable sensitivity (0.75) and unchanged overall accuracy. The ABC-based diagnostic score provides a rapid and valid method for COVID-19 screening, especially for regions with a shortage of facilities. The model performs less well in the diagnosis of mild-to-moderate COVID-19.

Correlation between fungi and volatile compounds during different fermentation modes at the industrial scale of Merlot wines.

Elucidation of the relationship between fungal community development and dynamic changes in volatile components during fermentation is of great significance in controlling wine production. However, such studies on an industrial scale are rarely reported. In this study, fungal community succession during spontaneous fermentation (SPF) and inoculation fermentation (INF) of Merlot wine was monitored by a research strategy combining culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. The volatile compounds were monitored during SPF and INF by headspace solid-phase micro-extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technology. The Spearman correlation coefficient was also used to investigate the interplay between fungal communities and volatile compounds. We found that fungal community diversity in SPF decreased as fermentation progressed but was significantly higher than that of INF. Starmerella and Kazachstania were the dominant non-Saccharomyces genera in Merlot wine during SPF. However, the presence of commercial yeasts and sulphur dioxide led to a sharp decrease or the disappearance of non-Saccharomyces genera during INF. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that all major volatiles were positively correlated with most functional microbiotas except P. fermentans, S. bacillaris, E. necator, and D. exigua in INF. In SPF, most non-Saccharomyces were negatively correlated with core volatiles, whereas K. humilis, M. laxa, P. kluyveri, and A. japonicus were positively correlated with the major volatiles, especially some higher alcohols (isopentol, heptanol) and terpenes (linalool, citronellol). S. cerevisiae was positively correlated with most of the main volatile substances except ethyl isovalerate and isoamyl acetate. These findings provide a reference for comprehending the diverse fermentation methods employed in the wine industry and improving the quality of Merlot wines.

Research hotspots and trend analysis of abdominal pain in inflammatory bowel disease: a bibliometric and visualized analysis.

Aims: The study aimed to provide a bibliometric and visual analysis of research on abdominal pain in inflammatory bowel disease and discuss the current status, research hotspots, and future developments. Methods: We used the Web of Science Core Collection to comprehensively search the literature on abdominal pain-related research in IBD published between 2003 and 2022. The bibliometric and visual analysis was performed through CiteSpace, VOSviewer software, R language, and the bibliometric online analysis platform, including authors, institutions, countries, journals, references, and keywords in the literature. Results: A total of 3,503 relevant articles are included, indicating that the number of articles in this field has increased in recent years. The United States leads the way with a dominant position in terms of article output, followed by China and JAPAN. United States (967 articles), University of Calgary (98 articles), and World Journal of Gastroenterology (127 articles) are the top publishing countries, institutions, and journals, respectively; keyword analysis shows that gut microbiota, depression, stress, visceral hypersensitivity, and multidisciplinary approach are the hot spots and trends in this research area. Conclusion: Abdominal pain-related studies in IBD have received increasing attention in the past two decades. This study provides the first bibliometric analysis of papers in this research area using visualization software and data information mining. It provides insights into this field's current status, hot spots, and trends. However, many outstanding issues in this research area still need further exploration to provide a theoretical basis for its clinical application.

Simultaneous desalination and molecular resource recovery from wastewater using an electrical separation system integrated with a supporting liquid membrane.

Separating molecular substances from wastewater has always been a challenge in wastewater treatment. In this study, we propose a new strategy for simultaneous desalination and selective recovery of molecular resources, by introducing a supported liquid membrane (SLM) with molecular selectivity into an asymmetric flow-electrode capacitive deionization. Salts and molecular substances in wastewater are removed after passing through the ion separation chamber and the molecular separation chamber, respectively. Faradaic reactions, i.e., the electrolysis of water with OH-, occurred in the electrochemical cathode electrode provides a sufficient and continuous chemical potential gradient for the cross-SLM transport of phenol (a model molecule substance). By optimizing the formulation of the liquid membrane and the pore size of the support membrane, we obtained the SLM with the best performance for separating phenol. In continuous experiment tests, the electrochemical membrane system showed stable separation performance and long-term stability for simultaneous salts removal and phenol (sodium phenol) recovery from wastewater. Finally, we demonstrate the potential application of this technology for the recovery of different carbon resources. Overall, the electrochemical system based on SLM is suitable for various wastewater treatment needs and provides a new approach for the recovery of molecular resources in wastewater.