Ultrasonic agitation reduces the time of calcium hydroxide antimicrobial effect and enhances its penetrability.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of the present work was to evaluate the ultrasonic agitation, time and vehicle (propylene glycol or distilled water) on the antimicrobial potential and penetrability of calcium hydroxide pastes on infected dentin by means of Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) and microbiological culture (MC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dentin specimens were infected with Enterococcus faecalis using a new contamination protocol of 5 days. The specimens were divided into eight groups and dressed with the pastes for 7 or 15 days: G1) calcium hydroxide (CH) + propylene glycol (prop)/7 days (d), G2) CH + prop/7d + ultrasonic agitation (U), G3) CH + distilled water (dw)/7d, G4) CH + dw/7d + U, G5) CH + prop/15d, G6) CH + prop/15d + U, G7) CH + dw/15d, G8) CH + dw/15d + U. The ultrasonic activation was made for 1 min in both directions with a plain point insert. After medications removal, the images obtained by CLSM showed the viable (green) and dead (red) bacteria with Live and Dead dye. By the MC, the dentinal wall debris obtained by burs were collected for colony counts. For the penetration test, the Rodamine B dye was added to the CH pastes and analyzed by CLSM. RESULTS: The 7 and 15-days CH + prop+U pastes performed better antimicrobial efficacy, followed by the CH + dw+U/15d paste. CONCLUSIONS: All pastes demonstrated better penetration and antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis when agitated with ultrasound, even in periods of up to seven days. The propylene glycol vehicle showed better results. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Agitation of the dressing that remains for less time inside the root canal can optimize the decontamination of endodontic treatment.

Study of the use of a personalized peripheral sealing device on surgical face masks in high-risk situations against COVID-19.

A significant number of health care professionals subjected to high-risk situations have been infected by Covid-19 due to the lack of adequate protection equipment or the deficient safety margins that these present. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of a personal peripheral sealing device (PSD) on surgical face masks (SM) allows them to achieve double mask properties, by providing two-way protection to professionals or users. The proposed device is a thermoplastic resin ring composed of a reusable and biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) designed to be used in a healthcare setting. Since it is a thermoplastic device, it can be molded and adapted to each individual, becoming personalized and ensuring a correct adjustment to the user's face. First, a qualitative fit test was performed using a saccharin solution (SS) to evaluate respiratory protective equipment in recruited professionals exposed to high-risk situations of infection by Covid-19. Individuals were divided into an intervention group, who used SM with the PSD, and a control group, who used SM without the PSD. In addition, a quantitative inward air leakage fit test was performed using a 2% sodium chloride (NaCl) aerosol in a sealed cabinet with probes sensitive to this substance, in order to validate the SM with the PSD as a Face Filtering Mask (FFP). Only 5% of the individuals who performed the qualitative fit test with the PSD perceived the sweet taste of the SS, while 100% of the individuals who performed the test without the PSD sensed it (p = 0.0001). In the quantitative fit test, the percentage of air leakage of 2% NaCl aerosol into the SM with the PSD was 6.5%, achieving the same range of air leakage as a FFP mask. Thus, the use of a personalized PLA thermoplastic PSD, together with an inexpensive and widely available SM, could have a significant impact in terms of preventive safety by providing bi-directional protection to its user.

Intratubular decontamination ability and physicochemical properties of calcium hydroxide pastes.

OBJECTIVE: This in vitro study compared the penetration, pH, calcium ion release, solubility, and intradentinal decontamination capacity of calcium hydroxide (CH) pastes with different vehicles and additives. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Infected standard bovine dentine contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis were treated with propolis extract, chlorhexidine, and camphorated paramonochlorophenol (CPMC) loaded in CH paste for the bacterial viability evaluation made by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and microbiological culture. Beside this, 50 acrylic teeth were filled with the previously mentioned pastes to evaluate the pH and calcium ion release (pHmeter and atomic absorption spectrophotometer at time intervals of 7, 15, and 30 days) and solubility (micro-computed tomographic imaging before and after 15 days). RESULTS: After treatment, all samples decreased intra-dentinal contamination, specially, the CH paste with CPMC. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups when evaluating the intra-canal paste penetration. In the pH measurements, CH with distilled water showed the smallest pH values. Regardless the solubility percentage of the pastes, the paste of CH + PG presented the highest values. CONCLUSION: The vehicles and additives tested may increase CH antimicrobial effect, but with small differences. In general, all CH pastes tested here were effective in reducing Enterococcus faecalis and were similar in the penetration, pH, calcium ion release, and solubility of calcium hydroxide when compared to distilled water. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The use of calcium hydroxide pastes as intracanal medication with an aqueous or viscous vehicle, as propylene glycol, can be useful, since all formulations of the tested pastes resulted in great bacterial reduction inside root canals.

Effect of ultrasound streaming on the disinfection of flattened root canals prepared by rotary and reciprocating systems.

New technical and scientific developments have been advocated to promote the success of the endodontic treatment. In addition to rotary and reciprocating systems, irrigating solution agitation has been suggested and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) is the most used. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, in vitro, the effect of ultrasound streaming (US) in the disinfection of flattened root canal systems prepared by the ProTaper, BioRaCe and Reciproc systems, utilizing the microbiological culture. METHODOLOGY: Extracted human mandibular incisors (n=84) were used. Suspensions of Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) were standardized and inserted along with the teeth immersed in brain-heart infusion (BHI) broth. The contamination was made following a protocol during 5 days. The teeth were randomly divided into six groups: G1, ProTaper Universal; G2, ProTaper Universal with US; G3, BioRaCe; G4, BioRaCe with US; G5, Reciproc; and G6, Reciproc with US. Irrigation was performed with saline solution. After biomechanical preparation, microbiological samples were performed with sterilized paper points, which were diluted and spread on BHI agar; after 48 h, the colony forming units (CFU/mL) were counted for each sample. RESULTS: Groups using ultrasonic agitation presented a greater antibacterial effect than the other ones, even using saline solution as irrigant. The ProTaper Universal system showed the best antibacterial activity of the tested systems (median of 0 CFU/mL with and without surfactant or ultrasonic activation [PUI]). Even with PUI, Reciproc (median of 2.5 CFU/mL with PUI and 5 without it) could not reduce as many colonies as ProTaper Universal without US. The BioRaCe system had greater bacterial reduction when using US (median of 0 CFU/mL with PUI and 30 without it). CONCLUSIONS: US promoted greater reduction in the number of bacteria in the flattened root canals prepared with nickel-titanium mechanized systems. Regarding the instruments used, the ProTaper Universal system was the most effective in reducing the bacterial number.

Effect of ultrasound streaming on the disinfection of flattened root canals prepared by rotary and reciprocating systems

Abstract New technical and scientific developments have been advocated to promote the success of the endodontic treatment. In addition to rotary and reciprocating systems, irrigating solution agitation has been suggested and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) is the most used. Objective: To evaluate, in vitro, the effect of ultrasound streaming (US) in the disinfection of flattened root canal systems prepared by the ProTaper, BioRaCe and Reciproc systems, utilizing the microbiological culture. Methodology: Extracted human mandibular incisors (n=84) were used. Suspensions of Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) were standardized and inserted along with the teeth immersed in brain-heart infusion (BHI) broth. The contamination was made following a protocol during 5 days. The teeth were randomly divided into six groups: G1, ProTaper Universal; G2, ProTaper Universal with US; G3, BioRaCe; G4, BioRaCe with US; G5, Reciproc; and G6, Reciproc with US. Irrigation was performed with saline solution. After biomechanical preparation, microbiological samples were performed with sterilized paper points, which were diluted and spread on BHI agar; after 48 h, the colony forming units (CFU/mL) were counted for each sample. Results: Groups using ultrasonic agitation presented a greater antibacterial effect than the other ones, even using saline solution as irrigant. The ProTaper Universal system showed the best antibacterial activity of the tested systems (median of 0 CFU/mL with and without surfactant or ultrasonic activation [PUI]). Even with PUI, Reciproc (median of 2.5 CFU/mL with PUI and 5 without it) could not reduce as many colonies as ProTaper Universal without US. The BioRaCe system had greater bacterial reduction when using US (median of 0 CFU/mL with PUI and 30 without it). Conclusions: US promoted greater reduction in the number of bacteria in the flattened root canals prepared with nickel-titanium mechanized systems. Regarding the instruments used, the ProTaper Universal system was the most effective in reducing the bacterial number.

Intratubular disinfection with tri-antibiotic and calcium hydroxide pastes.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the in vitro intradentinal antimicrobial ability of the calcium hydroxide and tri-antibiotic pastes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Standard bovine dentin tubes were sterilized and then infected with Enterococcus faecalis by a new contamination protocol of great depths of dentin. The specimens were filled with the medications, divided into two test-groups: calcium hydroxide (Group 1) and tri-antibiotic (Group 2) pastes. After 15 days, the teeth were evaluated by microbiological culture and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) with viability dye assay LIVE/DEAD inside dentinal tubules. In experiment of culture, the bacterial collection of the dentin fragments was done for counting the colony-forming units. RESULTS: The tri-antibiotic paste had a slightly greater antimicrobial effect; however, there was no statistical difference between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that the tri-antibiotic paste and the calcium hydroxide paste exercise the same effect on intra-tubular decontamination against E. faecalis. So, due the multiples advantages, the calcium hydroxide paste can be the choice for dentinal decontamination in regenerative procedures.

Descontaminação intra-tubular de dentes bovinos por pastas de hidróxido de cálcio associadas a diferentes veículos / Intra-tubular desinfection of bovine teeth contamined with calcium hydroxide pastes associated with different vehicles

O preparo biomecânico acompanhado pela irrigação no tratamento endodôntico de canais infectados tem se mostrado efetivo, porém alguns micro-organismos ainda sobrevivem. A espécie bacteriana mais frequentemente encontrada em casos de fracasso endodôntico é Enterococcus faecalis. Para combatê-lo diferentes medicações intra-canal são utilizadas, principalmente as pastas a base de hidróxido de cálcio e outras substâncias vem sendo associadas a estas para potencializar seu efeito antimicrobiano. Desta forma, é pertinente comparar in vitro a capacidade antimicrobiana do hidróxido de cálcio com diferentes veículos e aditivos, sobre Enterococcus faecalis, através de cultura microbiológica e microscopia confocal de varredura a laser (MCVL). Para isso, tubos de dentina bovina padronizados foram previamente esterilizados e em seguida contaminados durante 5 dias com a bactéria. Os espécimes receberam a medicação por 15 dias e foram divididos em cinco grupos-teste: pasta de hidróxido de cálcio veiculado em água destilada (G1), pasta veiculada em propilenoglicol(G2), pasta de hidróxido de cálcio veiculado em propilenoglicol com os aditivos extrato etanólico de própolis (G3), clorexidina (G4) e paramonoclorofenol canforado - PMCC (G5). Após o período da medicação, a coleta bacteriana dos fragmentos de dentina foi realizada com brocas de Largo em dispositivo esterilizado, para contagem dos micro-organismos ainda viáveis em unidades formadoras de colônias. A MCVL analisou as bactérias viáveis (verde) e mortas (vermelho) no interior dos túbulos dentinários, com o auxílio do corante Live and Dead®. Houve ação antimicrobiana intra-tubular dentinária sobre Enterococcus faecalis por todas as pastas de hidróxido de cálcio testadas. A partir deste trabalho foi possível observar a melhor ação antimicrobiana contra E. faecalis pela pasta de hidróxido de cálcio com propilenoglicol e PMCC nas regiões superficial e profunda da massa dentinária.

Biomechanical preparation followed by irrigation in endodontic treatment of infected root canals has been shown, however, some micro-organisms still survive. The most frequently founded bacterial specie in endodontic treatment fail is Enterococcus faecalis. To combat it, different intra-canal medications are used, mainly the calcium hydroxide pastes and other substances have been associated to calcium hydroxide to leverage it antimicrobial effect. Thus, its relevant to compare in vitro the antimicrobial ability of calcium hydroxide with different vehicles and additives, against Enterococcus faecalis, through microbiological culture and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). For this, standard dentine tubes were sterilized and then infected with the bacteria for 5 days and were divided in five test-groups, submitted to medication for 15 days with calcium hydroxide paste in distilled water (G1), in propylene glycol (G2), besides clacium hydroxide in propylene glycol with ethanol extract of propolis (G3), chlorexidine (G4) and CPMC (G5). After the medication period, the bacterial collection of the dentine´s fragments was done with Largos drill in a sterilized device, to count micro-organisms still viable in colony forming units. The CLSM evaluated the viable (green) and dead (red) bacteria inside the dentinal tubules with the aid of the Live and Dead® dye. There was dentinal intra-tubular antimicrobial action against Enterococcus faecalis for all the tested calcium hydroxide pastes. From this work was possible to observe a better antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis by the calcium hydroxide paste in propylene glycol and CPMC in superficial and deep areas of the dentine.

Perfil psicossocial da clientela atendida em serviços de psicologia: o "formulário para cadastro do conjuntos sociais" / Psychosocial profile of the clients supported by psychological services: the "form for the enrollment of social sets"

Com uma breve introdução sobre as condições da construção do instrumento, o artigo disponibiliza para a comunidade o Formulário para Cadastro de Conjuntos Sociais, desenvolvido por pesquisadores na Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, como subsídio para a construção do Banco de Dados no qual o perfil da clientela, as demandas e práticas de intervenção psicossocial em grupos, organizações, instituições e comunidades, da região de São João del-Rei e arredores, são registrados com os objetivos de preservar a memória dos atendimentos feitos pela universidade, especialmente os ofertados pelo Departamento de Psicologia, abrir possibilidade de consultas relativas a esses atendimentos, gerar material passível de devolução à clientela e reunir informações e dados para pesquisas futuras(AU)