RESUMEN
Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities were tested for dried MeOH extracts of Hieracium calophyllum (CAL), H.â coloriscapum (COL), H.â pseudoschenkii (PSE), H.â valdepilosum (VAL) and H.â glabratum (GLA) herbs (flowering aerial parts), their 2 sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) 8-epiixerisamine A and crepiside E, and dried CH2 Cl2 extract of H.â scheppigianum (SCH) herb. In microdilution test, extracts showed activity on all tested microorganisms (8 bacteria, 10 fungi). The best effect was exhibited by SCH and CAL on Salmonella Typhimurium (MIC=1.7-2.5â mg/mL MBC=3.4-5.0â mg/mL), and SCH and VAL on Candida albicans (MIC=2.5â mg/mL MFC=5.0â mg/mL). SLs showed notable effect on all tested fungi Aspergillus ochraceus, Penicillium funiculosum, C.â albicans and C.â krusei (MIC=0.15-0.4â mg/mL MFC=0.3-0.8â mg/mL). In MTT test, extracts inhibited growth of all tested cancer cells (HeLa, LS174 and A549), with the best effect on HeLa (IC50 =148.1â µg/mL for SCH, and 152.3-303.2â µg/mL for MeOH extracts); both SLs were active against HeLa cells (IC50 =46.2â µg/mL for crepiside E and 103.8â µg/mL for 8-epiixerisamine A). Extracts and SLs showed good safety profile on normal MRC-5 cells.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos , Antineoplásicos , Asteraceae , Sesquiterpenos , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Candida albicans , Células HeLa , Humanos , Lactonas/farmacología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Dry MeOH extracts of the twig barks of Pyrus communis subsp. pyraster, P.â spinosa and their hybrid P.×jordanovii nothosubsp. velenovskyi, collected in wild in Serbia, were analyzed. By LC/MS, the contents of arbutin (99.9-131.0â mg/g), chlorogenic acid (2.2-6.3â mg/g), catechin (1.0-5.3â mg/g) and total dimeric and trimeric procyanidins (42.2-61.3â mg/g), including procyanidin B2 (8.9-17.2â mg/g), were determined. Colorimetrically, high contents of total phenolics (436.2-533.4â mg GAE/g) and tannins (339.4-425.7â mg GAE/g), as well as strong total antioxidant activities (FRAP values 4.5-5.9â mmol Fe2+ /g), and DPPH (SC50 =6.6-7.1â µg/ml) and hydroxyl radical (SC50 =447.1-727.7â µg/ml) scavenging abilities were revealed. Inâ vitro, all extracts exhibited notable inhibition of α-amylase (IC50 =310.8-617.7â µg/ml) and particularly strong inhibition of α-glucosidase (IC50 =2.1-3.7â µg/ml). Molecular docking predicted that among identified compounds procyanidin B2 is the best inhibitor of these carbohydrate-digesting enzymes. Obtained results showed that the barks of investigated Pyrus hybrid and its parent taxa have similar composition and bioactivity.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/farmacología , Inhibidores de Glicósido Hidrolasas/farmacología , Fenoles/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , alfa-Amilasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , alfa-Glucosidasas/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Compuestos de Bifenilo/antagonistas & inhibidores , Inhibidores de Glicósido Hidrolasas/química , Inhibidores de Glicósido Hidrolasas/aislamiento & purificación , Modelos Moleculares , Fenoles/química , Fenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Picratos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Corteza de la Planta/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Pyrus/química , alfa-Amilasas/metabolismoRESUMEN
The composition of the essential oils and the furanocoumarin profiles of CH2 Cl2 extracts from underground parts and fruits of nine Heracleum taxa (Apiaceae) from Southeastern Europe were statistically analyzed to evaluate their chemosystematic significance. Eight investigated taxa (H. orphanidis and members of H. sphondylium group: H. sphondylium, H. sibiricum, H. montanum, H. ternatum, H. pyrenaicum subsp. pollinianum, H. pyrenaicum subsp. orsinii and H. verticillatum) belong to the type section of the genus. Additionally analyzed taxon, H. austriacum subsp. siifolium, belongs to H. sect. Wendia. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the essential oils was performed by GC-FID and GC/MS, and of the furanocoumarins by LC/MS. Furanocoumarins were identified using standards and/or based on UV, MS, 1 H- and ROESY NMR spectra. Multivariate statistics (PCA, nMDS, UPGMA) of analyzed metabolites showed that the investigated taxa were grouped according to their taxonomic classification. PCA revealed the significance of some monoterpenes and (Z)-falcarinol of the underground parts oils, octyl esters of the fruit oils, and most of the total of 12 identified furanocoumarins.
Asunto(s)
Furocumarinas/química , Heracleum/química , Aceites Volátiles/química , Cromatografía de Gases , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Frutas/química , Frutas/metabolismo , Furocumarinas/aislamiento & purificación , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Heracleum/metabolismo , Espectrometría de Masas , Raíces de Plantas/química , Raíces de Plantas/metabolismo , Análisis de Componente PrincipalRESUMEN
Phenolic compounds and different biological activities of the dry MeOH extracts of the flowers and the herb (aerial parts without flowers) of Laserpitium zernyi Hayek (Apiaceae) were investigated. The total phenolic contents in the extracts were determined spectrophotometrically using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. In both extracts, apigenin, luteolin, their 7-O-glucosides, and chlorogenic acid were detected by HPLC. Identified phenolics were quantified in both extracts, except luteolin in L. zernyi herb extract. The extracts (p.o.) were tested for anti-edematous activity in a model of carrageenan (i.pl.) induced rat paw edema. Antioxidant activity of the extracts was assessed by FRAP assay and DPPH and ⢠OH radicals scavenging tests. Antimicrobial activity was investigated using broth microdilution test against five Gram-positive and three Gram-negative bacteria, as well as against two strains of Candida albicans. The polyphenol-richer flower extract exerted higher anti-edematous and antioxidant activities. The herb extract exhibited better antimicrobial effect against Micrococcus luteus, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while against other tested microorganisms, the activity of both extracts was identical. Demonstrated biological activities of L. zernyi flower and herb extracts represent a good basis for their further investigation as potential new herbal medicinal raw materials.
Asunto(s)
Apiaceae/química , Extractos Vegetales/análisis , Animales , Antibacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antiinfecciosos/aislamiento & purificación , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Edema/tratamiento farmacológico , Flores/química , Bacterias Gramnegativas/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias Grampositivas/efectos de los fármacos , Fenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/química , Plantas Medicinales/química , RatasRESUMEN
In this work, the chemical composition, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of Heracleum verticillatum Pancic and H. ternatum Velen. root, leaf, and fruit essential oils were investigated. The composition was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Heracleum verticillatum and H. ternatum root oils were dominated by monoterpenes, mostly ß-pinene (23.5% and 47.3%, respectively). Heracleum verticillatum leaf oil was characterized by monoterpenes, mainly limonene (20.3%), and sesquiterpenes, mostly (E)-caryophyllene (19.1%), while H. ternatum leaf oil by the high percentage of phenylpropanoids, with (Z)-isoelemicin (35.1%) being dominant constituent. Both fruit oils contained the majority of aliphatic esters, mostly octyl acetate (42.3% in H. verticillatum oil and 49.0% in H. ternatum oil). The antimicrobial activity of the oils was determined by microdilution method against eight bacterial and eight fungal strains. The strongest effect was exhibited by H. verticillatum root oil, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium (MICs = 0.14 mg/ml, MBCs = 0.28 mg/ml), and Trichoderma viride (MIC = 0.05 mg/ml, MFC = 0.11 mg/ml). Cytotoxic effect was determined by MTT test against malignant HeLa, LS174, and A549 cells (IC50 = 5.9 - 146.0 µg/ml), and against normal MRC-5 cells (IC50 > 120.1 µg/ml). The best effect was exhibited by H. verticillatum root oil on A549 cells (IC50 = 5.9 µg/ml), and H. ternatum root oil against LS174 cells (IC50 = 6.7 µg/ml).
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Apiaceae/química , Heracleum/química , Línea Celular Tumoral , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad MicrobianaRESUMEN
The chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Laserpitium latifolium and L. ochridanum were investigated. The essential oils were isolated by steam distillation and characterized by GC-FID and GC/MS analyses. All essential oils were distinguished by high contents of monoterpenes, and α-pinene was the most abundant compound in the essential oils of L. latifolium underground parts and fruits (contents of 44.4 and 44.0%, resp.). The fruit essential oil was also rich in sabinene (26.8%). Regarding the L. ochridanum essential oils, the main constituents were limonene in the fruit oil (57.7%) and sabinene in the herb oil (25.9%). The antimicrobial activity of these essential oils as well as that of L. ochridanum underground parts, whose composition was reported previously, was tested by the broth-microdilution method against four Gram-positive and three Gram-negative bacteria and two Candida albicans strains. Except the L. latifolium underground-parts essential oil, the other investigated oils showed a high antimicrobial potential against Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Micrococcus luteus, or Candida albicans (minimal inhibitory concentrations of 13.0-73.0â µg/ml), comparable to or even higher than that of thymol, which was used as reference compound.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Apiaceae/química , Aceites Volátiles/química , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de MasasRESUMEN
We performed a basic behavioral characterization of methanol extracts of four Balkan endemic Stachys taxa: S. anisochila (SA), S. beckeana (SB), S. plumosa (SP) and S. alpina subsp. dinarica (SAD). The behavioral activity of extracts dosed intraperitoneally in the range 100-400 mg/kg was examined in adult male Wistar rats, in the elevated plus maze, spontaneous locomotor activity, and grip strength tests, mainly predictive of anxiolytic, sedative and myorelaxant actions, respectively. All investigated Stachys extracts lacked anxiolytic or myorelaxant activities, while SB at 400 mg/kg exerted an anxiogenic-like effect. The study with the selective antagonist beta-CCt showed that the sedative effect of SAD was only partially mediated by GABAA receptors containing the alpha1-subunit. While discernible, the behavioral effects of SA and SP were not distinct. In all extracts, chlorogenic acid and verbascoside were identified. In SA, SB, and SAD the flavonoid fraction was constituted of isoscutellarein and hypolaetine glycosides, while in SP chrysoeriol and apigenin glycosides were present. The results reveal the psychotropic potential of four endemic Stachys taxa, of which SAD appeared most promising as a natural sedative.
Asunto(s)
Ansiolíticos/farmacología , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Hipnóticos y Sedantes/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Receptores de GABA-A/metabolismo , Stachys/química , Animales , Ansiolíticos/uso terapéutico , Ansiedad/tratamiento farmacológico , Ansiedad/metabolismo , Carbolinas/farmacología , Ácido Clorogénico/farmacología , Ácido Clorogénico/uso terapéutico , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Flavonoides/farmacología , Flavonoides/uso terapéutico , Glucósidos/farmacología , Glucósidos/uso terapéutico , Hipnóticos y Sedantes/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Aprendizaje por Laberinto/efectos de los fármacos , Actividad Motora/efectos de los fármacos , Fuerza Muscular/efectos de los fármacos , Fenoles/farmacología , Fenoles/uso terapéutico , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Oral administration of the chloroform extract from Tanacetum larvatum (Griseb. ex Pant.) Kanitz caused a dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effect in the carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema test. The obtained anti-inflammatory effect was 8.6, 32.8, 37.0 and 49.5% for the extract doses of 25, 50, 100 and 200mg/kg, respectively, being statistically significant at a dose of 50mg/kg. Indomethacin had a strong anti-inflammatory effect of 73.4% at a dose of 8mg/kg, but large gastric lesions were detected. When the plant extract in the highest tested dose (200mg/kg) was concomitantly given with indomethacin, the anti-inflammatory effect was slightly enhanced, but the gastric lesions were significantly reduced. The anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer activity may be mainly due to the inhibition of DNA binding of the transcription factor NF-kappaB by components of the plant extract. This was proven in an electrophoretic mobility shift assay at a concentration of 50microg/ml. Due to its anti-inflammatory as well as anti-ulcer effects, Tanacetum larvatum should especially be used combined with those drugs that are known both for their strong anti-inflammatory activities and the ulcerogenic side effects such as NSAIDs.