RESUMEN
Objective To investigate whether exosomes derived from gastric cancer cells can affect macrophages in tumor microenvironment through miR-151-3p. Methods The expression of miR-151-3p in tumor tissues of patients with gastric cancer and normal tissues was detected by real time quantitative PCR; Gastric cancer cells overexpressing miR-151-3p were constructed, and exosomes were isolated and identified. The expression of CD11b and CD163 markers on RAW264.7 cells co-incubated with exosomes were detected by flow cytometry, and the effects of exosome carrying miR-151-3p on tumor growth and tumor-associated macrophages were evaluated in mice transplanted tumor model. Results The results of real time quantitative PCR showed that the level of miR-151-3p in gastric tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in normal tissues, and the content of miR-151-3p in gastric juice of most patients after operation was lower than that before operation; The content of miR-151-3p in exosomes of tumor cells overexpressing miR-151-3p was also significantly higher than that of untransfected cells. Exosomes carrying miR-151-3p can induce phenotypic differentiation of M2 in co-incubation with RAW264.7 cells. Similarly, tumor transplantation model also showed that exosomes carrying miR-151-3p can induce tumor-associated macrophages to polarize to M2 and promote tumor growth. Conclusion miR-151-3p derived from gastric cancer exosomes can induce the polarization of M2 macrophages and promote the growth of gastric cancer. The treatment of miR-151-3p may destroy the tumor microenvironment of immunosuppression, which assists the anti-tumor immunotherapy.
Asunto(s)
Exosomas , MicroARNs , Neoplasias Gástricas , Animales , Exosomas/genética , Humanos , Recuento de Leucocitos , Macrófagos , Ratones , MicroARNs/genética , Fenotipo , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Microambiente TumoralRESUMEN
Fangchinoline (FAN), an alkaloid extracted from Stephania tetrandra, has a variety of biological and pharmacological activities, but evidence of its effects on colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is limited. Therefore, the present study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which FAN affects COAD. The cytotoxicity, viability and proliferation of DLD1 and LoVo cells were assessed in the presence of FAN using MTT and colony formation assays. The effects of FAN on apoptosis and the cell cycle in COAD cells were analysed by flow cytometry, and the migration and invasion of these cells were assessed by wound healing and Transwell experiments. Furthermore, a network pharmacological analysis was conducted to investigate the target of FAN and the results were confirmed by western blotting. In addition, a xenograft model was established in nude mice, and ultrasound imaging was used to assess the preclinical therapeutic effects of FAN in vivo. To the best of our knowledge, the results of this study provided the first evidence that FAN inhibited cellular proliferation, stemness, migration, invasion, angiogenesis and epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT), and induced apoptosis and G1phase cell cycle arrest. Network pharmacological analysis further confirmed that FAN prevented EMT through the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)phosphoinositide 3kinase (PI3K)/AKT signalling pathway. Finally, FAN significantly repressed tumour growth and promoted apoptosis in xenografts. Thus, targeting EGFR with FAN may offer a novel therapeutic approach for COAD.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Bencilisoquinolinas/farmacología , Neoplasias del Colon/tratamiento farmacológico , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Animales , Bencilisoquinolinas/uso terapéutico , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias del Colon/patología , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Receptores ErbB/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Ratones , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de XenoinjertoRESUMEN
The role of LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 in the regulation of chemoresistance of gastric cancer (GC) is largely unknown. Here we found that LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 was low-expressed in GC tissues and cells compared to their normal counterparts. In addition, LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 inhibited miR-223-3p expressions in GC cells by acting as competing endogenous RNA, and the levels of LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 and miR-223-3p showed negative correlations in GC tissues. Of note, overexpression of LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 inhibited GC cell viability and motility by sponging miR-223-3p. In addition, the levels of LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 were lower, and miR-223-3p was higher in cisplatin-resistant GC (CR-GC) cells than their parental cisplatin-sensitive GC (CS-GC) cells. LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 overexpression enhanced the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin on CR-GC cells, which were reversed by overexpressing miR-223-3p. Furthermore, LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 increased NLRP3 expressions by targeting miR-223-3p, and upregulation of LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 triggered pyroptotic cell death in cisplatin treated CR-GC cells by activating NLRP3 inflammasome through downregulating miR-223-3p. Finally, the promoting effects of LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 overexpression on CR-GC cell death were abrogated by pyroptosis inhibitor Necrosulfonamide (NSA). Collectively, LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 acted as a tumor suppressor and enhanced cisplatin sensitivity in GC cells by activating NLRP3 mediated pyroptotic cell death through sponging miR-223-3p.
Asunto(s)
MicroARNs/genética , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR/genética , ARN Largo no Codificante/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular/genética , Proliferación Celular/genética , Cisplatino/farmacología , Regulación hacia Abajo , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/genética , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR/metabolismo , Piroptosis/genética , Transducción de Señal , Neoplasias Gástricas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Gástricas/patología , Regulación hacia ArribaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Fraxetin, extracted from the bark of Fraxinus rhynchophylla, has been shown to exhibit antitumour and anti-inflammatory pharmacological properties. However, the mechanism underlying its anticancer activity towards colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is not well understood. We aimed to determine the antitumour effect of fraxetin on COAD cell lines and elucidate its biochemical and molecular targets. METHODS: The cell lines HCT116 and DLD-1 were used to evaluate the in vitro antitumour efficacy of fraxetin. Cytotoxicity and viability were assessed by CCK-8 and plate colony formation assays. Flow cytometry was used to assess apoptosis and cell cycle progression in fraxetin-treated COAD cells. Western blot, RT-qPCR, molecular docking, immunohistochemical, and immunofluorescence analyses were used to gain insights into cellular and molecular mechanisms. Preclinical curative effects were evaluated in nude mouse xenograft models. RESULTS: Fraxetin significantly inhibited COAD cell proliferation in both dose- and time-dependent manners, specifically by inducing S-phase cell cycle arrest and triggering intrinsic apoptosis. Additionally, the level of p-JAK2 was decreased by fraxetin via the Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) signalling pathway. Interestingly, in COAD cells, fraxetin directly targeted the Y1007 and Y1008 residues of JAK2 to suppress its auto- or transphosphorylation, leading to decreased activation of its downstream effector STAT3 and blocking its nuclear translocation. Finally, fraxetin exhibited good tumour growth suppression activity and low toxicity. CONCLUSIONS: Fraxetin inhibits the proliferation of COAD cells by regulating the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway, providing evidence that targeting JAK2 with fraxetin may offer a novel potential auxiliary therapy for COAD treatment.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Neoplasias del Colon/metabolismo , Cumarinas/farmacología , Janus Quinasa 2/metabolismo , Factor de Transcripción STAT3/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Adenocarcinoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma/enzimología , Adenocarcinoma/genética , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias del Colon/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias del Colon/enzimología , Neoplasias del Colon/genética , Cumarinas/química , Cumarinas/uso terapéutico , Fraxinus/química , Humanos , Janus Quinasa 2/química , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Desnudos , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Fosforilación , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula en Proliferación/genética , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula en Proliferación/metabolismo , Puntos de Control de la Fase S del Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Quinasas Asociadas a Fase-S/genética , Proteínas Quinasas Asociadas a Fase-S/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/genética , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de XenoinjertoRESUMEN
Cyclovirobuxine D (CVBD) is an alkaloid, which is mainly derived from Buxus microphylla. It has been reported that CVBD has positive effects on breast cancer, gastric cancer and other malignant tumors. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no reports regarding the effects of CVBD on colorectal cancer (CRC). The purpose of the present study was to determine the anticancer effects of CVBD and further elucidate its molecular mechanism(s). DLD1 and LoVo cell lines were selected to evaluate the antitumor effect of CVBD. Cytotoxicity, viability and proliferation were evaluated by the MTT and colony formation assays. Flow cytometry was used to detect the effects on apoptosis and the cell cycle in CVBDtreated CRC cells. The migration and invasion abilities of CRC cells were examined by wound healing and Transwell assays. In addition, RNA sequencing, bioinformatics analysis and western blotting were performed to investigate the target of drug action and clarify the molecular mechanisms. A xenograft model was established using nude mice, and ultrasound was employed to assess the preclinical therapeutic effects of CVBD in vivo. It was identified that CVBD inhibited the proliferation, migration, stemness, angiogenesis and epithelialmesenchymal transition of CRC cells, and induced apoptosis and Sphase arrest. In addition, CVBD significantly inhibited the growth of xenografts. It is notable that CVBD exerted anticancer effects in CRC cells partly by targeting collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1), which may be upstream of the AKT and ERK pathways. CVBD exerted anticancer effects through the CTHRC1AKT/ERKSnail signaling pathway. Targeted therapy combining CTHRC1 with CVBD may offer a promising novel therapeutic approach for CRC treatment.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacología , Neoplasias del Colon/tratamiento farmacológico , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Proteínas de la Matriz Extracelular/antagonistas & inhibidores , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/efectos de los fármacos , Adenocarcinoma/irrigación sanguínea , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Animales , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Carcinogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Movimiento Celular/genética , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Proliferación Celular/genética , Neoplasias del Colon/irrigación sanguínea , Neoplasias del Colon/patología , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Proteínas de la Matriz Extracelular/genética , Proteínas de la Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Femenino , Técnicas de Silenciamiento del Gen , Humanos , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/genética , Ratones , Neovascularización Patológica/tratamiento farmacológico , Neovascularización Patológica/patología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , ARN Interferente Pequeño/metabolismo , RNA-Seq , Factores de Transcripción de la Familia Snail/metabolismo , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de XenoinjertoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are reported to have crucial roles in human cancers; however, their role in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains largely unknown. METHODS: In this study, we analyzed the expression of miR-4324 in CRC cell lines using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). We also examined miR-4324 expression in CRC tumor tissues using a miRNA expression dataset obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus. We validated the connection between miR-4324 and homeobox B2 (HOXB2) using a luciferase activity reporter assay and western blotting. The effects of miR-4324 and HOXB2 on CRC cell malignant behaviors in vitro were further investigated. RESULTS: miR-4324 expression was significantly decreased in both CRC tumor tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of miR-4324 suppressed CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In contrast, overexpression of HOXB2 promoted CRC malignant cell behaviors. Furthermore, we validated HOXB2 as a direct target of miR-4324. CONCLUSIONS: miR-4324 expression was decreased in CRC. miR-4324 regulates CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by targeting HOXB2.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Colorrectales , Proteínas de Homeodominio , MicroARNs , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular , Proliferación Celular/genética , Neoplasias Colorrectales/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Genes Homeobox , Proteínas de Homeodominio/genética , Humanos , MicroARNs/genética , Invasividad Neoplásica/genética , Factores de TranscripciónRESUMEN
The abnormal expression of adipocyte enhancer binding protein 1 (AEBP1) has been implicated in the carcinogenesis and progression of various types of human tumors. However, the role of AEBP1 in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) remains largely unelucidated. In this study, we explored the clinical significance and biological function of AEBP1 in COAD. We observed that AEBP1 was overexpressed in COAD tissues and cells and that the expression of AEBP1 was correlated with tumor size, the level of histologic differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and cancer stage in COAD patients. In addition, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that high AEBP1 expression suggested poor prognosis in COAD. Moreover, AEBP1 silencing suppressed COAD cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, whereas the upregulation of AEBP1 promoted these behaviors. Additionally, mechanistic studies further demonstrated that AEBP1 promoted COAD cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by upregulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2, vimentin, and TWIST whereas downregulating that of E-cadherin through the nuclear factor-κB pathway. Collectively, these data indicated that AEBP1 may be a new prognostic factor and a potential gene therapy target in COAD.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/genética , Carboxipeptidasas/genética , Proliferación Celular/genética , Neoplasias del Colon/genética , Proteínas Represoras/genética , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Carcinogénesis/genética , Movimiento Celular/genética , Neoplasias del Colon/patología , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Metástasis Linfática , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , FN-kappa B/genética , Invasividad Neoplásica/genética , Invasividad Neoplásica/patología , Pronóstico , Transducción de Señal/genéticaRESUMEN
Cancer cells metabolize different energy sources to generate biomass rapidly. The purine biosynthetic pathway was recently identified as an important source of metabolic intermediates for these processes. However, very little was known about the regulatory mechanisms of purine metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We explored the role of dual-specificity tyrosine (Y) phosphorylation-regulated kinase 3 (Dyrk3) in HCC metabolism. Dyrk3 was significantly down-regulated in HCC compared with normal controls. Its introduction in HCC cells markedly suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in xenograft tumor models. Mass spectrometric analysis of metabolites suggests that the effect of Dyrk3 on HCC occurred at least partially through down-regulating purine metabolism, as evidenced by the fact that inhibiting purine synthesis reverted the HCC progression mediated by the loss of Dyrk3. We further provide evidence that this action of Dyrk3 knockdown requires nuclear receptor coactivator 3 (NCOA3), which has been shown to be a coactivator of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) to target purine pathway genes for transcriptional activation. Mechanistically, Dyrk3 directly phosphorylated NCOA3 at Ser-1330, disrupting its binding to ATF4 and thereby causing the inhibition of ATF4 transcriptional activity. However, the phosphorylation-resistant NCOA3-S1330A mutant has the opposite effect. Interestingly, the promoter activity of Dyrk3 was negatively regulated by ATF4, indicating a double-negative feedback loop. Importantly, levels of Dyrk3 and phospho-NCOA3-S1330 inversely correlate with the expression of ATF4 in human HCC specimens. Conclusion: Our findings not only illustrate a function of Dyrk3 in reprograming HCC metabolism by negatively regulating NCOA3/ATF4 transcription factor complex but also identify NCOA3 as a phosphorylation substrate of Dyrk3, suggesting the Dyrk3/NCOA3/ATF4 axis as a potential candidate for HCC therapy.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/fisiología , Proteínas Tirosina Quinasas/fisiología , Purinas/metabolismo , Factor de Transcripción Activador 4/metabolismo , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Humanos , Coactivador 3 de Receptor Nuclear/metabolismo , Fosforilación , Células Tumorales CultivadasRESUMEN
Despite considerable recent advancements in colorectal cancer (CRC) therapy, the prognosis of patients with advanced disease remains poor. Further understanding of the molecular mechanisms and treatment strategies of this disease is required. Zinc finger protein 692 (ZNF692), also known as AREBP and Zfp692, was first reported to have an important role in gluconeogenesis. A recent study demonstrated that ZNF692 is overexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) tissues and that ZNF692 knockdown inhibited LUAD cell proliferation, migration, and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. However, the role of ZNF692 in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) remains unclear. The present study revealed that ZNF692 was upregulated in COAD tissues and cells and that high ZNF692 expression was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and tumor stage in COAD patients. Gain and lossoffunction experiments were employed to identify the function of ZNF692 in COAD progression. In vitro and in vivo assays revealed that ZNF692 promoted COAD cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Furthermore, western blot analysis demonstrated that the effects of ZNF692 were mediated by upregulating cyclin D1, cyclindependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and matrix metalloproteinase9 (MMP9) and by downregulating p27Kip1 through the phosphoinositide 3kinase/AKT signaling pathway. Collectively, these data indicated that ZNF692 may serve as a novel oncogene and a potential treatment target in COAD patients.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/patología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/genética , Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Animales , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular , Neoplasias Colorrectales/genética , Neoplasias Colorrectales/metabolismo , Femenino , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Células HCT116 , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Persona de Mediana Edad , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Trasplante de Neoplasias , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismoRESUMEN
UVRAG (UV radiation resistance associated) is an important regulator of mammalian macroautophagy/autophagy by interacting with BECN1, PIK3C3, and RUBCN. Phosphorylation of UVRAG by MTORC1 negatively regulates autophagosome maturation under nutrient-enriched conditions. However, how UVRAG ubiquitination is regulated is still unknown. Here we report that UVRAG is ubiquitinated by SMURF1 at lysine residues 517 and 559, which decreases the association of UVRAG with RUBCN and promotes autophagosome maturation. However, the deubiquitinase ZRANB1 specifically cleaves SMURF1-induced K29 and K33-linked polyubiquitin chains from UVRAG, thereby increasing the binding of UVRAG to RUBCN and inhibiting autophagy flux. We also demonstrate that CSNK1A1-mediated UVRAG phosphorylation at Ser522 disrupts the binding of SMURF1 to UVRAG through PPxY motif and blocks UVRAG ubiquitination-mediated autophagosome maturation. Interestingly, ZRANB1 is phosphorylated at Thr35, and Ser209 residues by CSNK1A1, and this phosphorylation activates its deubiquitinating activity. Importantly, we provide in vitro and in vivo evidence that UVRAG ubiquitination at lysine residues 517 and 559 or prevention of Ser522 phosphorylation by D4476, a CSNK1A1 inhibitor, enhances the lysosomal degradation of EGFR, which significantly inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) growth. Furthermore, UVRAG S522 phosphorylation levels correlate with ZRANB1 T35/S209 phosphorylation levels and poor prognosis in HCC patients. These findings identify a novel molecular mechanism by which ubiquitination and phosphorylation of UVRAG regulate its function in autophagosome maturation and HCC growth, encouraging further study of their potential therapeutic implications. Abbreviations: ATG: autophagy related; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; BECN1: beclin 1; CHX: cycloheximide; CSNK1A1/CK1α: casein kinase 1 alpha 1; CQ: chloroquine; DUB: deubiquitinase; EBSS: Earle's balanced salt solution; EGF: epidermal growth factor; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GST: glutathione S-transferase; HBSS: Hanks balanced salts solution; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; MAP1LC3B/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MEFs: mouse embryo fibroblasts; mRFP: monomeric red fluorescent protein; PIK3C3/VPS34: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; PTMs: post-translational modifications; RUBCN: rubicon autophagy regulator; siRNA: small interfering RNA; SMURF1: SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; Ub-AMC: ubiquitin-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin: a fluorogenic substrate; UVRAG: UV radiation resistance associated; ZRANB1/TRABID: zinc finger RANBP2-type containing 1.
Asunto(s)
Autofagosomas/metabolismo , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor/metabolismo , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligasas/metabolismo , Ubiquitinación , Secuencias de Aminoácidos/genética , Animales , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/mortalidad , Caseína Quinasa Ialfa/genética , Caseína Quinasa Ialfa/metabolismo , Enzimas Desubicuitinizantes/metabolismo , Endopeptidasas , Receptores ErbB/metabolismo , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidad , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Desnudos , Mutación , Fosforilación , Pronóstico , Procesamiento Proteico-Postraduccional/genética , Trasplante Heterólogo , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor/química , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor/genética , Ubiquitina/metabolismo , Ubiquitina Tiolesterasa/metabolismo , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligasas/genética , Proteasas Ubiquitina-Específicas/metabolismo , Ubiquitinación/genéticaRESUMEN
TRAF-binding domain (Trabid), one of deubiquitination enzymes, was recently reported to activate Wnt/ ß-catenin signaling pathway. However, the role of Trabid in tumors including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the underlying mechanisms controlling its activity remain poorly understood. Here, we report that Trabid is significantly downregulated in HCC tumor samples and cell lines compared with normal controls and that its expression level is negatively correlated with HCC pathological grading, recurrence, and metastasis. The reintroduction of Trabid expression in tumor cells significantly decreases HCC progression as well as pulmonary metastasis. The effect of Trabid on HCC development occurs at least partially through regulation of Twist1 activity. Mechanistically, Trabid forms a complex with Twist1 and specifically cleaves RNF8-induced K63-linked poly-ubiquitin chains from Twist1, which enhances the association of Twist1 with ß-TrCP1 and allows for subsequent K48-linked ubiquitination of Twist1. Knockdown of Trabid increases K63-linked ubiquitination, but abrogates K48-linked ubiquitination and degradation of Twist1, thus enhancing HCC growth and metastasis. Interestingly, Twist1 negatively regulates the promoter activity of Trabid, indicating that a double-negative feedback loop exists. Our findings also identify an essential role for activation of Trabid by AKT-mediated phosphorylation at Ser78/Thr117 in negatively regulating Twist1 signaling, which further provides insights into the mechanisms by which Trabid regulates Twist1 ubiquitination. Our results reveal that Trabid is a previously unrecognized inhibitor of HCC progression and metastasis, which sheds light on new strategies for HCC treatment.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Proliferación Celular/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/metabolismo , Endopeptidasas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Proteína 1 Relacionada con Twist/metabolismo , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligasas/metabolismo , Ubiquitinación/genética , Animales , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Estudios de Cohortes , Endopeptidasas/genética , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal/genética , Femenino , Técnicas de Silenciamiento del Gen , Células HEK293 , Hepatocitos/metabolismo , Xenoinjertos , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos NOD , Ratones SCID , Persona de Mediana Edad , Invasividad Neoplásica/genética , Metástasis de la Neoplasia/genética , Transfección , Carga Tumoral/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of most common cancers worldwide. Long non-coding RNA SNHG6 has been reported to act as essential regulators in several cancers. However, the functional role and molecular mechanism of SNHG6 in colorectal cancer remain unclear. METHODS: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to evaluate the SNHG6 expression in CRC tissues. Colony formation, transwell assays and in vivo mice models were carried out to assess the effect of SNHG6 on CRC biological functions. RESULTS: In the present study, we showed that the expression of SNHG6 was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues and cell lines. High expression of SNHG6 was associated with shorter overall survival in CRC patients. Functionally, SNHG6 knockdown significantly inhibited cell proliferation, invasion and migration both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, miR-760 was a direct target of SNHG6, and repression of miR-760 could rescue the inhibitory effect of SNHG6 knockdown on CRC progression. In addition, SNHG6 positively regulated FOXC1 expression through sponging miR-760 in CRC cells, thus indicating that SNHG6 exerted an oncogenic role in CRC by acting as a ceRNA of miR-760. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that long non-coding RNA SNHG6 promotes colorectal cancer progression by sequestering miR-760 and activating FOXC1, our findings suggest that SNHG6 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for CRC.
RESUMEN
The objective of this study was to identify potentially significant genes and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in colon cancer for a panel of lncRNA signatures that could be used as prognostic markers for colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) based on the data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). RNA-seq V2 exon data of COAD were downloaded from the TCGA data portal for 285 tumor samples and 41 normal tissue samples adjacent to tumors. Differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs were identified. A functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed mRNAs was performed, followed by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction and significant module selection. Additionally, the regulatory relationships in differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs were assessed, and an lncRNA-lncRNA co-regulation and functional synergistic analysis were performed. Furthermore, the risk score model and Cox regression analysis based on the expression levels of lncRNAs were used to develop a prognostic lncRNA signature. A total of 976 differentially expressed mRNAs and 169 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified. MDFI and MEOX2 were the PPI network hubs. We found these lncRNAs to be mainly involved in vascular smooth muscle contraction and the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. Several lncRNA-lncRNA pairs had co-regulatory relationships or functional synergistic effects, including BVES-AS1/MYLK-AS1, ADAMTS9-AS1/MYLK-AS1 and FENDRR/MYLK-AS1. The differential expression profile analysis of four candidate lncRNAs (MYLK-AS1, BVES-AS1, ADAMTS9-AS1, and FENDRR) in COAD tumors were confirmed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Moreover, this study identified a 14-lncRNA signature that could predict the survival for COAD patients.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias del Colon/genética , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , ARN Largo no Codificante/genética , ARN Mensajero/genética , Anciano , Femenino , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Transducción de Señal , Análisis de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as a fundamental class of biological effect or molecules that perform pivotal functions in the regulation of the genome. With advances in bioinformatics and genomics, extensive identification and characterization of lncRNAs is now possible. They regulate cellular growth, differentiation and apoptosis. Dysregulation of lncRNAs has been associated with numerous types of human cancer. In the present study, the expression profile of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and lncRNAs in gastric cancer (GC) samples and normal tissue samples was evaluated with bioinformatics. The biological functions of the predicted lncRNA TCONS_00068220 were focused on; the DEGs co-expressed with TCONS_00068220 were enriched in cancer-associated pathways. TCONS_00068220 was demonstrated to be upregulated in GC tissues and cell lines compared with normal controls. In addition, an increased rate of apoptosis was observed in NCI-N87 cells following transfection with small interfering RNA against TCONS_00068220. These data suggest that TCONS_00068220 may be associated with the pathogenesis of GC, and it may serve as a potential therapeutic target.
RESUMEN
Zinc finger protein 281 (ZNF281) has been recently shown to be critical for CRC progression. However, the immediate upstream regulators of ZNF281 remain unclear. Here we reported that the E3 ligase the ß-transducin repeat-containing protein 2 (ß-TrCP2) governs the ubiquitination and degradation of ZNF281. In human CRC specimens, endogenous ß-TrCP2 were inversely correlated with ZNF281. Beta-TrCP2 reversed the phenotype of CRC cell with overexpressed ZNF281. Moreover, we found that glycogen synthase kinase 3ß (GSK-3ß), not GSK-α, could bind to and phosphorylate ZNF281 at one consensus motif (TSGEHS; phosphorylation site is shown in italics), which promotes the interaction of ZNF281 with ß-TrCP2, not ß-TrCP1, and leads to the subsequent ubiquitination and degradation of phosphorylated ZNF281. A mutant of ZNF281 (ZNF281-S638A) is much more stable than wild-type ZNF281 because ZNF281-S638A mutant abolishes the phosphorylation by GSK-3ß and can not be ubiquitinated and degraded by ß-TrCP2. Conversely, ZNF281 transcriptionally repressed the expression of ß-TrCP2, indicating a negative feedback loop between ZNF281 and ß-TrCP2 in CRC cells. These findings suggest that the turnover of ZNF281 by ß-TrCP2 might provide a potentially novel treatment for patients with CRC.
RESUMEN
CYP24A1 and CYP27B1 are critical genes determining 1α,25(OH)2D3 concentration and impacting on carcinogenesis. A case-control study including 528 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and 605 cancer-free controls and a follow-up study with 317 cases were conducted in northeast China. Genotypes were tested by TaqMan Genotyping Assays. Individuals carrying the GG genotype of CYP27B1 G > T (rs10877012) exhibited decreased CRC risk compared with those with the TT genotype (ORadjusted (ORadj) = 0.57, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.38-0.84). Compared with the TT genotype, a significant association between the CC genotype of CYP27B1 C > T (rs4646536) and a reduced risk of CRC was observed (ORadj = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.40-0.88). We also observed significant combined effects of the two polymorphisms in CYP27B1 with dietary factors, including the intake of cereals, overnight meal, allium vegetables, pork, canned fruit, and braised fish, on CRC risk. These associations remained significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. The Hazard Ration (HR) of patients with the AA genotype (CYP24A1 A > G, rs4809957) was 2.38 (95% CI = 1.30-4.37) when compared with the GG genotype. Thus, our findings suggested that two polymorphisms in CYP27B1 are associated with CRC susceptibility. CYP24A1 A > G (rs4809957) polymorphism may lead to a worse prognosis of CRC.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Colorrectales/epidemiología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/etiología , Dieta , Metabolismo Energético/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Vitamina D , 25-Hidroxivitamina D3 1-alfa-Hidroxilasa/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Alelos , Estudios de Casos y Controles , China/epidemiología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorrectales/mortalidad , Femenino , Genotipo , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oportunidad Relativa , Pronóstico , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Medición de Riesgo , Vitamina D/metabolismo , Vitamina D3 24-Hidroxilasa/genéticaRESUMEN
AIMS: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of regorafenib as a treatment for patients with advanced (metastatic and/or unresectable) gastrointestinal stromal tumor (AGIST) after developing resistance to imatinib and sunitinib. METHODS: A literature search of databases such as PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library was conducted up to February 2017. The pooled percentages and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the Stata 11.0 software. RESULTS: Four studies involving 243 patients with AGIST were included. Results revealed that approximately 49% (95% CI 30-67), 14% (95% CI 5-23), and 41% (95% CI 21-61) of patients with AGIST showed clinical benefit (including complete response), partial response, and stable disease, respectively, after regorafenib treatment, which was given after failure with imatinib and sunitinib treatments. No complete response was found in the included studies. Pooled progression-free survival was 6.58 months (95% CI 4.62-8.54). Hypertension (20%; 95% CI 7-33), hand-foot skin reaction (22%; 95% CI 17-27), and hypophosphatemia (18%; 95% CI 5-41) were common grade ≥3 regorafenib-related adverse events in patients treated with regorafenib after failure with imatinib and sunitinib treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Forty-nine per cent of patients with AGIST benefited after regorafenib treatment after the development of resistance to imatinib and sunitinib. More studies should be performed to improve the clinical survival of patients with AGIST. Close monitoring and appropriate management of grade ≥3 regorafenib-related adverse events should be considered during treatment.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Tumores del Estroma Gastrointestinal/tratamiento farmacológico , Compuestos de Fenilurea/uso terapéutico , Piridinas/uso terapéutico , Tumores del Estroma Gastrointestinal/patología , Humanos , Mesilato de Imatinib/uso terapéutico , Indoles/uso terapéutico , Pirroles/uso terapéutico , SunitinibRESUMEN
Altered expression of microRNA-590-5p (miR-590-5p) is involved in tumorigenesis, however, its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains to be determined. In this study, we focused on examining the effects of different expression levels of miR-590-5p in cancer cells and normal cells. Results showed that there are lower expression levels of miR-590-5p in human CRC cells and tissues than in normal control cells and tissues. Similarly, in our xenograft mouse model, knockdown of miR-590-5p promoted the progression of CRC. However, an overexpression of miR-590-5p in the mice inhibited angiogenesis, tumor growth, and lung metastasis. Nuclear factor 90 (NF90), a positive regulator of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA stability and protein synthesis, was shown to be a direct target of miR-590-5p. The overexpression of NF90 restored VEGFA expression and rescued the loss of tumor angiogenesis caused by miR-590-5p. Conversely, the NF90-shRNA attenuated the increased tumor progression caused by the miR-590-5p inhibitor. Clinically, the levels of miR-590-5p were inversely correlated with those of NF90 and VEGFA in CRC tissues. Furthermore, knockdown of NF90 lead to a reduction of pri-miR-590 and an increase of mature miR-590-5p, suggesting a negative feedback loop between miR-590-5p and NF90. Collectively, these data establish miR-590-5p as an anti-onco-miR that inhibits CRC angiogenesis and metastasis through a new mechanism involving NF90/VEGFA signaling axis, highlighting the potential of miR-590-5p as a target for human CRC therapy.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Colorrectales/irrigación sanguínea , Neoplasias Colorrectales/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Neovascularización Patológica/genética , Proteínas del Factor Nuclear 90/genética , Transducción de Señal , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/genética , Animales , Carcinogénesis/genética , Carcinogénesis/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Pollos , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Regulación hacia Abajo/genética , Femenino , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Técnicas de Silenciamiento del Gen , Células HEK293 , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones SCID , MicroARNs/genética , Persona de Mediana Edad , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Neovascularización Patológica/patología , Proteínas del Factor Nuclear 90/metabolismo , Análisis de Supervivencia , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Colon cancer is invariably accompanied by altered coagulation activity; however, the precise role of phosphatidylserine (PS) in the hypercoagulable state of colon cancer patients remains unclear. We explored the exposure of PS on platelets and microparticles (MPs), and evaluate its role in procoagulant activity in colon cancer patients. METHODS: PS-positive platelets and MPs, mainly from platelets and endothelial cells, were detected by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, and their procoagulant activity was assessed with purified coagulation complex assays, clotting time, and fibrin turbidity. RESULTS: Plasma levels of PS-positive platelets increased gradually from stage I to IV and were higher in all stages of the patients than in the healthy control, while PS-positive platelet-derived MPs only increased significantly in stage III/IV patients. Meanwhile, PS-positive MPs and endothelial-derived MPs in stage II/III/IV patients were markedly higher than ones in controls but no difference with stage I. Tissue factor positive MPs were higher in all 4 stages of colon cancer patients than in the healthy control. Platelets and MPs from the patients demonstrated significantly enhanced intrinsic/extrinsic FXa and thrombin generation, greatly shortened coagulation time, and increased fibrin formation. Combined treatment with PS antagonist lactadherin, strongly prolonged the coagulation time and reduced fibrin formation by inhibiting factor tenase and prothrombinase complex activity. In contrast, pretreatment with anti tissue factor antibody played a lesser role in suppression of procoagulant activity. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that PS-positive platelets and MPs contribute to hypercoagulability and represent a potential therapeutic target to prevent coagulation in patients with colon cancer.
Asunto(s)
Plaquetas/metabolismo , Micropartículas Derivadas de Células/metabolismo , Neoplasias del Colon/patología , Fosfatidilserinas/farmacología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Plaquetas/patología , Micropartículas Derivadas de Células/patología , Neoplasias del Colon/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trombina/metabolismo , Tromboplastina/metabolismoRESUMEN
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-associated thromboembolic event often lacks precise aetiology. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) towards the hypercoagulable state in IBD. We demonstrated that the levels of PS exposed MPs and the sources of MP-origin, platelets, erythrocytes, leukocytes and cultured endothelial cells (ECs) were higher in IBD groups than in healthy controls using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Wright-Giemsa and immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that the elevated NETs were released by activated IBD neutrophils or by control neutrophils treated with IBD sera obtained from patients with the active disease. MPs and MP-origin cells in IBD groups, especially in active stage, markedly shortened coagulation time and had increased levels of fibrin, thrombin and FXa production as assessed by coagulation function assays. Importantly, we found that on stimulated ECs, PS rich membranes provided binding sites for FXa and FVa, promoting fibrin formation while TNF blockage or IgG depletion attenuated this effect. Treatment of control neutrophils with TNF and isolated IgG from PR3-ANCA-positive active IBD patients also resulted in the release of NETs. Blockade of PS with lactadherin prolonged coagulation time, decreased fibrin formation to control levels, and inhibited the procoagulant enzymes production in the MPs and MP-origin cells. NET cleavage by DNase I partly decreased PCA in IBD or stimulated neutrophils. Our study reveals a previously unrecognised link between hypercoagulable state and PS exposure or NETs, and may further explain the epidemiological association of thrombosis within IBD patients.