Effects of Resistance Training in Individuals with Lower Limb Amputation: A Systematic Review.

Individuals with lower-limb amputations may have a significant strength deficit. This deficit may be related to the stump length and can lead to changes in gait, reduced energy efficiency, walking resistance, altered joint load, and increased risk of osteoarthritis and chronic low back pain. This systematic review used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) guidelines to examine the effects of resistance training in lower limb amputees. Interventions with resistance training and other training methods were sufficient to achieve muscle strength gain in muscles of the lower limbs, improved balance, and improvements in gait pattern and speed when walking. However, it was impossible to determine from the results whether resistance training was mainly responsible for these benefits or even whether the positive effects presented would be observed with only this training method. When combined with other exercises, interventions with resistance training made possible gains for this population. Accordingly, it is noteworthy that the main finding of this systematic review is that the effects may be different according to the level of amputation, with mainly transtibial and transfemoral amputations studied.

Distinct mental health profiles in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder: A latent class analysis and associations.

BACKGROUND: Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) show indications for mental health problems. However, these problems are poorly understood. AIMS: To identify patterns (profiles) of mental health in this population and to analyze the associations between profiles and child characteristics. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Parents of 119 children with DCD completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: Results indicated that a four latent class was the best model. Profile 1 was defined as "no" mental health problems (n = 28; 24 %), Profile 2 was defined as "hyperactivity" problems (n = 53; 43.3 %), for clinical indications for hyperactivity, Profile 3 was defined as "internalizing" problems (n = 8; 7.3 %), for clinical indications for emotional symptoms and peer problems, and Profile 4 was defined as "internalizing and externalizing problems" (n = 30; 25.4 %), for clinical indications for problems in both areas. In addition, having a co-occurring disorder, accommodation plans, and using medications were associated with the profiles. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: There are distinct and unique profiles that children with DCD exhibit. Clinicians can use these profiles to better understand the presentation of mental health symptoms in this population and provide adequate services or support if mental health difficulties are present.

Análise da percepção de estagiários de educação física sobre a inclusão na escola: uma revisão integrativa / Análise da percepção de estagiários de educação física sobre a inclusão na escola: uma revisão integrativa / Análisis de la percepción de los pasantes de educación física sobre la inclusión en la escuela: una revisión integrativa

Resumo Este estudo objetivou analisar os estudos científicos acerca da percepção de estagiários de Educação Física sobre a inclusão de alunos com deficiência nas aulas de Educação Física Escolar. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa com busca nas bases de dados Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, BVS/Lilacs, PubMed, e ERIC via Portal de Periódicos CAPES. Os descritores utilizados foram: "Estagiário", "Educação Física Adaptada", "Educação Física Inclusiva", "Inclusão Escolar", "Estudante com Deficiência" e "Percepção", em português e inglês. Ao final, foram analisados 11 artigos científicos. Para a análise dos dados foram criadas 3 categorias. A primeira diz respeito à dificuldade encontrada pelos estagiários em conceituar inclusão; a segunda trata do papel do estágio na formação inicial e inclusiva, na qual os estagiários destacam o papel de auxiliares nos processos da educação física escolar e relatam que o estágio agregou valores e saberes sobre a inclusão. Por fim, a terceira categoria relata as dificuldades dos estagiários referentes à inclusão, sendo essas de cunho pedagógico, ligadas diretamente a lacunas na Formação Inicial.

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the scientific literature regarding the perception of Physical Education trainees about the inclusion of students with disabilities in School Physical Education classes. An integrative review was carried out with searches in the following databases: Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, BVS/Lilacs, PubMed, and ERIC via CAPES Portal. We used the descriptors: "Trainee", "Adapted Physical Education", "Inclusive Physical Education", "School Inclusion", "Student with Disabilities" and "Perception", in Portuguese and English. 11 scientific articles were analyzed. For data analysis, 3 categories were created. The first category concerns the difficulty encountered by trainees in conceptualizing inclusion; the second category deals with the role of the internship in the inclusive initial teacher training, in which the interns highlight the function as assistants in the school physical education processes and report that the internship added values and knowledge about inclusion; finally, the third category reports the interns' difficulties regarding inclusion, these being of a pedagogical nature, directly linked to gaps in initial training.

Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la literatura científica sobre la percepción de los alumnos de Educación Física sobre la inclusión de estudiantes con discapacidad en las clases de Educación Física Escolar. Se realizó una revisión integradora con búsquedas en las siguientes bases de datos: Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, BVS/Lilacs, PubMed y ERIC a través del Portal CAPES. Utilizamos los descriptores: "Aprendiz", "Educación Física Adaptada", "Educación Física Inclusiva", "Inclusión Escolar", "Estudiante con Discapacidad" y "Percepción", en portugués e inglés. Se analizaron 11 artículos científicos. Para el análisis de datos se crearon 3 categorías. La primera categoría se refiere a la dificultad que encuentran los alumnos para conceptualizar la inclusión; la segunda categoría trata sobre el papel de la pasantía en la formación inicial docente inclusiva, en la que los pasantes destacan la función como asistentes en los procesos de educación física escolar y relatan que la pasantía agregó valores y conocimientos sobre inclusión; finalmente, la tercera categoría relata las dificultades de los pasantes en cuanto a la inclusión, siendo estas de carácter pedagógico, directamente vinculadas a los vacíos en la formación inicial.

A joint learning approach for genomic prediction in polyploid grasses.

Poaceae, among the most abundant plant families, includes many economically important polyploid species, such as forage grasses and sugarcane (Saccharum spp.). These species have elevated genomic complexities and limited genetic resources, hindering the application of marker-assisted selection strategies. Currently, the most promising approach for increasing genetic gains in plant breeding is genomic selection. However, due to the polyploidy nature of these polyploid species, more accurate models for incorporating genomic selection into breeding schemes are needed. This study aims to develop a machine learning method by using a joint learning approach to predict complex traits from genotypic data. Biparental populations of sugarcane and two species of forage grasses (Urochloa decumbens, Megathyrsus maximus) were genotyped, and several quantitative traits were measured. High-quality markers were used to predict several traits in different cross-validation scenarios. By combining classification and regression strategies, we developed a predictive system with promising results. Compared with traditional genomic prediction methods, the proposed strategy achieved accuracy improvements exceeding 50%. Our results suggest that the developed methodology could be implemented in breeding programs, helping reduce breeding cycles and increase genetic gains.

Genome-wide approaches for the identification of markers and genes associated with sugarcane yellow leaf virus resistance.

Sugarcane yellow leaf (SCYL), caused by the sugarcane yellow leaf virus (SCYLV) is a major disease affecting sugarcane, a leading sugar and energy crop. Despite damages caused by SCYLV, the genetic base of resistance to this virus remains largely unknown. Several methodologies have arisen to identify molecular markers associated with SCYLV resistance, which are crucial for marker-assisted selection and understanding response mechanisms to this virus. We investigated the genetic base of SCYLV resistance using dominant and codominant markers and genotypes of interest for sugarcane breeding. A sugarcane panel inoculated with SCYLV was analyzed for SCYL symptoms, and viral titer was estimated by RT-qPCR. This panel was genotyped with 662 dominant markers and 70,888 SNPs and indels with allele proportion information. We used polyploid-adapted genome-wide association analyses and machine-learning algorithms coupled with feature selection methods to establish marker-trait associations. While each approach identified unique marker sets associated with phenotypes, convergences were observed between them and demonstrated their complementarity. Lastly, we annotated these markers, identifying genes encoding emblematic participants in virus resistance mechanisms and previously unreported candidates involved in viral responses. Our approach could accelerate sugarcane breeding targeting SCYLV resistance and facilitate studies on biological processes leading to this trait.

The Wild Sugarcane and Sorghum Kinomes: Insights Into Expansion, Diversification, and Expression Patterns.

The protein kinase (PK) superfamily is one of the largest superfamilies in plants and the core regulator of cellular signaling. Despite this substantial importance, the kinomes of sugarcane and sorghum have not been profiled. Here, we identified and profiled the complete kinomes of the polyploid Saccharum spontaneum (Ssp) and Sorghum bicolor (Sbi), a close diploid relative. The Sbi kinome was composed of 1,210 PKs; for Ssp, we identified 2,919 PKs when disregarding duplications and allelic copies, and these were related to 1,345 representative gene models. The Ssp and Sbi PKs were grouped into 20 groups and 120 subfamilies and exhibited high compositional similarities and evolutionary divergences. By utilizing the collinearity between the species, this study offers insights into Sbi and Ssp speciation, PK differentiation and selection. We assessed the PK subfamily expression profiles via RNA-Seq and identified significant similarities between Sbi and Ssp. Moreover, coexpression networks allowed inference of a core structure of kinase interactions with specific key elements. This study provides the first categorization of the allelic specificity of a kinome and offers a wide reservoir of molecular and genetic information, thereby enhancing the understanding of Sbi and Ssp PK evolutionary history.

Machine learning approaches reveal genomic regions associated with sugarcane brown rust resistance.

Sugarcane is an economically important crop, but its genomic complexity has hindered advances in molecular approaches for genetic breeding. New cultivars are released based on the identification of interesting traits, and for sugarcane, brown rust resistance is a desirable characteristic due to the large economic impact of the disease. Although marker-assisted selection for rust resistance has been successful, the genes involved are still unknown, and the associated regions vary among cultivars, thus restricting methodological generalization. We used genotyping by sequencing of full-sib progeny to relate genomic regions with brown rust phenotypes. We established a pipeline to identify reliable SNPs in complex polyploid data, which were used for phenotypic prediction via machine learning. We identified 14,540 SNPs, which led to a mean prediction accuracy of 50% when using different models. We also tested feature selection algorithms to increase predictive accuracy, resulting in a reduced dataset with more explanatory power for rust phenotypes. As a result of this approach, we achieved an accuracy of up to 95% with a dataset of 131 SNPs related to brown rust QTL regions and auxiliary genes. Therefore, our novel strategy has the potential to assist studies of the genomic organization of brown rust resistance in sugarcane.

Saneamento básico inadequado impacta no desenvolvimento infantil / Inadequate sanitation impacts child development

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o desenvolvimento motor de pré-escolares, associando o impacto das condições socioambientais no desenvolvimento motor. Foram avaliadas 342 crianças entre três e quatro anos de idade (36 a 57 meses) de duas regiões distintas: 203 escolares em uma cidade do sul do Brasil e 139 em um município nordestino. O protocolo utilizado para identificar as disfunções motoras (dispraxias) nas áreas da coordenação (fina e global); propriocepção (equilíbrio e esquema corporal); e percepção (organização espacial e temporal) foi a Escala de Desenvolvimento Motor ­ EDM. Os dados relacionados ao saneamento básico foram extraídos de documentos oficiais reconhecidos nacionalmente. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas no desenvolvimento das crianças entre os dois municípios. Os resultados mostram maior prevalência de transtornos motores no município do nordeste, totalizando 40 crianças (28,8%); enquanto no Sul, 26 crianças (12,8%) apresentaram déficits. Todos os dados que se referem ao saneamento básico e índices sociais, encontrados na literatura específica, foram inferiores na cidade nordestina quando comparados ao município da região sul. O presente estudo mostra que carências nas condições socioambientais podem impactar negativamente o desenvolvimento motor de pré-escolares, aumentando a prevalência das dispraxias.

The aim of this research was to assess the motor development in preschoolers, associating the impact of socio-environmental conditions in motor development. A total of 342 children between the ages of 3 and 4 years (36 to 57 months) from two distinct parts of Brazil participated in the study: 203 from a city in the south of Brazil and 139 in a northeast city. The tool used to identify motor dysfunction (dyspraxia) in motor coordination (fine and global), proprioception (balance and body scheme), and perception (spatial and temporal organization) was the Motor Development Scale - MDS. Data related to basic sanitation were extracted from official documents. Significant differences were found between children in the two cities. Results show a higher prevalence of motor dysfunction in the northeast city (total of 40 children - 28.8%), while in the south, 26 children (12.8%) had deficits. All data referring to basic sanitation and social indexes, found in the specific literature, were lower in the northeastern city when compared to the city of the southern region. The present study shows that deficiencies in social and environmental conditions can negatively impact motor development of preschoolers, increasing the prevalence of dyspraxia.

A gênese da transferência freudiana: do modelo físico-químico-energético a uma leitura metapsicológica / The genesis of freudian transfer: from the physicochemical-energetic model to a metapsychological Reading / La génesis de la transferencia freudiana: del modelo físico-químico-energético a una lectura metapsicológica

O objetivo deste artigo é discorrer sobre pontos importantes da démarche de Freud na construção teórica da transferência. Busca-se, a partir do solo nativo de Freud, identificar a gênese do fenômeno da transferência, que, em seu horizonte clínico, tornou-se um de seus conceitos fundamentais. Para isso, recorreu-se à revisão bibliográfica para investigar a epistemologia do solo nativo de Freud, seus modelos bem como os referentes físico-químicoenergéticos. Tais modelos e referentes compuseram as bases do fundamento metodológico de Freud na construção da metapsicologia, que, por sua vez, tornou-se uma das referências para o entendimento do fenômeno da transferência. Este artigo pode contribuir com as pesquisas que envolvem a temática da transferência, pois sua gênese, seus modelos e os referentes aqui colocados estão localizados no solo nativo de Freud, indispensáveis à sua teorização.

This paper proposes to analyze essential points about Freud’s demarche (mode of procedure) in the theoretical construction of transference. The aim, based on Freud's original ideas is to identify the origin of the transference phenomenon, which, in his clinical scenario, became one of his fundamental conceptions. For that purpose, a literature review was carried out to investigate the epistemology of Freud’s ideas, his models as well as the physicochemical-energetic referents. Such models and referents constituted the structure of Freud’s methodological foundation in the development of the metapsychology, which, in turn, became one of the references to understand the transference phenomenon. The present paper may contribute to the research processes approaching the transference topic as its origin, models, and referents displayed here are framed within Freud’s original ideas, which are imperative to its theorization.

El objetivo de este artículo es discurrir puntos importantes de la démarche de Freud en la construcción teórica de la transferencia. Se busca, en la perspectiva freudiana, identificar la génesis del fenómeno de la transferencia, que, en su horizonte clínico, se tornó uno de sus conceptos fundamentales. Para eso, se utilizó la revisión bibliográfica para investigar la epistemología de Freud, sus modelos, así como sus referentes físico-químico-energéticos. Esos modelos y referentes componen las bases del fundamento metodológico de Freud en la construcción de la metapsicología, que, por su vez, volvió una de las referencias para el entendimiento del fenómeno de la transferencia. Este artículo puede contribuir con las búsquedas que implican la temática de la transferencia, pues su génesis, sus modelos y los referentes aquí presentados están localizados en el suelo nativo de Freud, indispensables para su teorización.

Selected to survive and kill: Tityus serrulatus, the Brazilian yellow scorpion.

Annually, more than 1.2 million scorpion stings and more than 3,000 deaths occur worldwide. Tityus serrulatus Lutz and Mello, 1922 (Scorpiones, Buthidae) is the most medically relevant species in Brazil where it is spreading rapidly and causing over 90,000 cases of envenomation yearly. We monitored T. serrulatus longevity and ability to reproduce under conditions of food and/or water deprivation. We found that T. serrulatus is highly tolerant to food deprivation, with individuals enduring up to 400 days without food. On the other hand, access to water played a pivotal role in T. serrulatus survival. Food and water deprived scorpions showed weight reduction. Reproduction occurred throughout the year for food-deprived scorpions and controls, but not in the water-deprived groups. Remarkably, food-deprived animals were able to give birth after 209 days of starvation. Tityus serrulatus resistance to food and water deprivation is likely to be an additional factor underlying this species' geographic expansion and the difficulties encountered in controlling it.

Many unique characteristics revealed by the complete mitochondrial genome of the scorpion Tityus serrulatus (Lutz e Mello 1922) (Chelicerata; Arachnida).

This is the first complete mitochondrial genome of a Tityus species, although it is the most medically important genus in South America. Tityus serrulatus (Brazilian yellow scorpion) mtDNA revealed the same gene arrangement of three out of four other mitogenomes published by now for the same family (Centruroides limpidus, Mesobuthus gibbosus, M. martensii and Buthus occitanus). However, it presented many unique characteristics such as possession of Cox1 gene, different from all other protein-coding genes of scorpion mtDNA, starts with an atypical start codon (CTG). Moreover, no tRNA gene have complete typical secondary structure and the Tytius genome presented three non-coding regions longer than 100bp. Also, it contains the smallest scorpion 16S gene reported by now. Phylogenetic analysis using concatenated homologous genes confirmed Buthidae as a monophyletic clade and supports a monophyletic group including T. serrulatus and the other American species, C. limpidus.

Complete mitochondrial genome of Salminus brasiliensis (Characiformes, Characidae).

We report the complete mitochondrial genome of the fish Salminus brasiliensis, popularly known as dourado. It is a circular, 17,721 bp long DNA molecule, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes and a non-coding Control Region of 2128 bp, a relatively large molecule when compared to other closely related fishes. All protein-coding genes are on the heavy strand, except for Nd6, and all have ATG as the start codon, except for Cox1 gene which has a GTG start codon. Seven protein-coding genes have incomplete stop codons (Nd2, Cox2, Atp6, Nd4, and Cytb have T- -, and Cox3 and Nd3 have TA-). TAG is the stop codon for Nd6 and AGG is the stop codon for Cox1.

Oxidative and functional status of bovine semen cryopreserved in different seasons / Perfil oxidativo e funcional de sêmen bovino criopreservado em diferentes estações do ano

In general, Taurus bulls under tropical conditions demonstrate reduced fertility due to heat and oxidative stress on testicular tissue. This high incidence of sperm damage is generally enhanced by the large amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) naturally present in bull sperm. Despite PUFA increase cellular sensitivity to lipid peroxidation, they are essential for membrane fluidity and also promote high cellular protection during cryopreservation process. Some reports related that animals and plants provided from cold weather present higher cellular concentration of PUFA, so the present study aims to compare the effect of the season on sperm quality of Taurus and Zebu bulls. Cryoprotected semen samples of 10 Nelore (Bos taurus indicus) and 10 Simmental (Bos taurus taurus) bulls were analyzed during winter and summer seasons. After freezing-thawing process, semen samples were submitted to sperm motility and vigor analysis, to tests of plasma membrane integrity (MPIEosin/Nigrosin), acrosomal integrity (MAI-POPE), DNA fragmentation degree (DNAf-Comet Assay) and high mitochondrial activity (ACM-DAB). Moreover, frozen-thawed semen samples were induced to lipid peroxidation for measurement of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. Higher post-thawing sperm motility (26.50% winter; 13.30% summer) and ACM (22.34% winter; 13.30% summer) were observed during the winter in Nelore group. In Simmental group, no differences were observed for the studied variables. It was concluded that, despite the heat stress, no seasonal effect on sperm quality was observed in Taurus cattle, which may be related to higher concentration of PUFA in seminal composition. (AU)

Bovinos taurinos, em clima tropical, mostram menores índices de fertilidade devido ao estresse térmico e oxidativo testicular. Essa alta incidência de alterações espermáticas é potencializada pela grande quantidade de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados (PUFA) presentes nos espermatozoides taurinos. Embora os PUFA aumentem a sensibilidade celular à peroxidação lipídica, são essenciais para a maleabilidade de membrana e promovem maior proteção celular durante a criopreservação. Devido aos relatos de que animais e vegetais de clima frio possuem maior concentração de PUFA nas células, o presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar o efeito da estação do ano sobre a qualidade espermática de taurinos e zebuínos. Foram avaliadas amostras criopreservadas de 10 touros da raça Nelore (Bos taurus indicus) e 10 da raça Simental (Bos taurus taurus), coletadas durante inverno e verão. Após a descongelação, foram realizados testes espermáticos de motilidade e vigor, testes de integridade de membrana plasmática (MPIEosina/Nigrosina), integridade acrossomal (MAI-POPE), grau de fragmentação de DNA (DNAf-Ensaio Cometa) e atividade citoquímica mitocondrial (ACM-DAB). Adicionalmente, avaliou-se a suscetibilidade das células espermáticas à peroxidação lipídica induzida, pela mensuração das substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) e malondialdeído (MDA). No grupo Nelore, foi observada maior motilidade espermática pós-descongelação (26,50% inverno; 13,30% verão) e maior ACM (22,34% inverno; 13,30% verão) durante o inverno. No grupo Simental, não houve diferença de época do ano nas variáveis. Concluiu-se que, apesar de sofrerem maior estresse térmico, nos animais taurinos não foi observado efeito da estação do ano sobre a qualidade espermática, o que pode estar relacionado a uma maior concentração de PUFA em sua composição seminal. (AU)

Oxidative and functional status of bovine semen cryopreserved in different seasons / Perfil oxidativo e funcional de sêmen bovino criopreservado em diferentes estações do ano

In general, Taurus bulls under tropical conditions demonstrate reduced fertility due to heat and oxidative stress on testicular tissue. This high incidence of sperm damage is generally enhanced by the large amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) naturally present in bull sperm. Despite PUFA increase cellular sensitivity to lipid peroxidation, they are essential for membrane fluidity and also promote high cellular protection during cryopreservation process. Some reports related that animals and plants provided from cold weather present higher cellular concentration of PUFA, so the present study aims to compare the effect of the season on sperm quality of Taurus and Zebu bulls. Cryoprotected semen samples of 10 Nelore (Bos taurus indicus) and 10 Simmental (Bos taurus taurus) bulls were analyzed during winter and summer seasons. After freezing-thawing process, semen samples were submitted to sperm motility and vigor analysis, to tests of plasma membrane integrity (MPIEosin/Nigrosin), acrosomal integrity (MAI-POPE), DNA fragmentation degree (DNAf-Comet Assay) and high mitochondrial activity (ACM-DAB). Moreover, frozen-thawed semen samples were induced to lipid peroxidation for measurement of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. Higher post-thawing sperm motility (26.50% winter; 13.30% summer) and ACM (22.34% winter; 13.30% summer) were observed during the winter in Nelore group. In Simmental group, no differences were observed for the studied variables. It was concluded that, despite the heat stress, no seasonal effect on sperm quality was observed in Taurus cattle, which may be related to higher concentration of PUFA in seminal composition.

Bovinos taurinos, em clima tropical, mostram menores índices de fertilidade devido ao estresse térmico e oxidativo testicular. Essa alta incidência de alterações espermáticas é potencializada pela grande quantidade de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados (PUFA) presentes nos espermatozoides taurinos. Embora os PUFA aumentem a sensibilidade celular à peroxidação lipídica, são essenciais para a maleabilidade de membrana e promovem maior proteção celular durante a criopreservação. Devido aos relatos de que animais e vegetais de clima frio possuem maior concentração de PUFA nas células, o presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar o efeito da estação do ano sobre a qualidade espermática de taurinos e zebuínos. Foram avaliadas amostras criopreservadas de 10 touros da raça Nelore (Bos taurus indicus) e 10 da raça Simental (Bos taurus taurus), coletadas durante inverno e verão. Após a descongelação, foram realizados testes espermáticos de motilidade e vigor, testes de integridade de membrana plasmática (MPIEosina/Nigrosina), integridade acrossomal (MAI-POPE), grau de fragmentação de DNA (DNAf-Ensaio Cometa) e atividade citoquímica mitocondrial (ACM-DAB). Adicionalmente, avaliou-se a suscetibilidade das células espermáticas à peroxidação lipídica induzida, pela mensuração das substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) e malondialdeído (MDA). No grupo Nelore, foi observada maior motilidade espermática pós-descongelação (26,50% inverno; 13,30% verão) e maior ACM (22,34% inverno; 13,30% verão) durante o inverno. No grupo Simental, não houve diferença de época do ano nas variáveis. Concluiu-se que, apesar de sofrerem maior estresse térmico, nos animais taurinos não foi observado efeito da estação do ano sobre a qualidade espermática, o que pode estar relacionado a uma maior concentração de PUFA em sua composição seminal.

Avaliação da aptidão física e motora de escolares com dificuldade de aprendizagem eutróficos e com sobrepeso / Evaluation of physical fitness and motor skills of eutrophic and overweight students with learning difficulties

Diversos fatores podem afetar o desempenho motor, físico e mesmo cognitivo da criança em fase de escolarização, trazendo prejuízos a aprendizagem dos conteúdos escolares e das habilidades motoras. O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar a aptidão física e motora de escolares eutróficos e com sobrepeso com dificuldades de aprendizagem. A pesquisa contou com dois grupos de 17 escolares com idades entre 7 e 11 anos classificados com "Eutróficos" e com "Sobrepeso/Obesidade" que apresentavam queixas de dificuldades na aprendizagem. O desenvolvimento motor foi avaliado segundo a Escala Desenvolvimento Motor (EDM), e para mensurar a aptidão física foi utilizada a escala do PROESP-BR. Como resultado, ambos os grupos obtiveram classificação "normal baixo" para a maioria dos quocientes motores, incluindo o "quociente motor geral", sendo significativamente inferior no grupo "Sobrepeso/Obesidade" apenas para o "quociente equilíbrio". Nos testes de aptidão física os resultados foram significativamente superiores para o grupo "Eutróficos" nas variáveis força de membros inferiores e capacidade aeróbica. Os achados sugerem que os escolares com dificuldades de aprendizagem apresentam, de maneira geral, níveis de desenvolvimento motor abaixo do esperado para sua idade e, associados a outros fatores de risco, podem acarretar prejuízos secundários relacionados a sua interação social e ao seu desempenho escolar...(AU)

Several factors can affect motor performance, physical and even cognitive development in children at school age, causing losses in the process of learning the content and motor skills. The aim of this research was to evaluate physical fitness and motor skills of eutrophic and overweight schoolchildren with learning difficulties. The research included two groups of 17 students aged between 7 and 11 years classified as "Eutrophic" and "Overweight/Obesity" that showed signs of learning difficulties. Motor development was assessed according to the Motor Development Scale (EDM), and physical fitness was measured using the PROESP-BR scale. As a result, both groups were classified as "low normal" for most of motor index, including "general motor", and only "balance" index was significantly lower in the group "Overweight/Obesity". Results of physical fitness tests were significantly better in "Eutrophic" group for lower limb strength and aerobic capacity variables. The findings suggest that students with learning difficulties generally have lower motor development levels that expected for their age, and associated with other risk factors can result in secondary damage related to their social interaction and academic performance...(AU)

Avaliação da aptidão física e motora de escolares com dificuldade de aprendizagem eutróficos e com sobrepeso / Evaluation of physical fitness and motor skills of eutrophic and overweight students with learning difficulties

Diversos fatores podem afetar o desempenho motor, físico e mesmo cognitivo da criança em fase de escolarização, trazendo prejuízos a aprendizagem dos conteúdos escolares e das habilidades motoras. O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar a aptidão física e motora de escolares eutróficos e com sobrepeso com dificuldades de aprendizagem. A pesquisa contou com dois grupos de 17 escolares com idades entre 7 e 11 anos classificados com "Eutróficos" e com "Sobrepeso/Obesidade" que apresentavam queixas de dificuldades na aprendizagem. O desenvolvimento motor foi avaliado segundo a Escala Desenvolvimento Motor (EDM), e para mensurar a aptidão física foi utilizada a escala do PROESP-BR. Como resultado, ambos os grupos obtiveram classificação "normal baixo" para a maioria dos quocientes motores, incluindo o "quociente motor geral", sendo significativamente inferior no grupo "Sobrepeso/Obesidade" apenas para o "quociente equilíbrio". Nos testes de aptidão física os resultados foram significativamente superiores para o grupo "Eutróficos" nas variáveis força de membros inferiores e capacidade aeróbica. Os achados sugerem que os escolares com dificuldades de aprendizagem apresentam, de maneira geral, níveis de desenvolvimento motor abaixo do esperado para sua idade e, associados a outros fatores de risco, podem acarretar prejuízos secundários relacionados a sua interação social e ao seu desempenho escolar...

Several factors can affect motor performance, physical and even cognitive development in children at school age, causing losses in the process of learning the content and motor skills. The aim of this research was to evaluate physical fitness and motor skills of eutrophic and overweight schoolchildren with learning difficulties. The research included two groups of 17 students aged between 7 and 11 years classified as "Eutrophic" and "Overweight/Obesity" that showed signs of learning difficulties. Motor development was assessed according to the Motor Development Scale (EDM), and physical fitness was measured using the PROESP-BR scale. As a result, both groups were classified as "low normal" for most of motor index, including "general motor", and only "balance" index was significantly lower in the group "Overweight/Obesity". Results of physical fitness tests were significantly better in "Eutrophic" group for lower limb strength and aerobic capacity variables. The findings suggest that students with learning difficulties generally have lower motor development levels that expected for their age, and associated with other risk factors can result in secondary damage related to their social interaction and academic performance...

Aptidão física e motora em escolares com dificuldades na aprendizagem / Physical fitness and motor skills in students with learning difficulties

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o desenvolvimento motor e o nível de aptidão física em escolares com dificuldade de aprendizagem. Pesquisa de delineamento transversal de desenvolvimento, com amostra de 52 escolares do ensino fundamental (entre 7 e 11 anos), com queixas de dificuldades na aprendizagem. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Escala Desenvolvimento Motor e os testes PROESP. Foi utilizada estatística descritiva e o teste correlacional de Pearson (p<0,05). Os resultados indicam uma tendência abaixo da média de desempenho para a idade, tanto no desempenho motor, quanto para aaptidão física dos escolares avaliados. A média do quociente motor geral foi “Normal Baixo” e idade motora predominantemente negativa, apresentando valores abaixo do esperado. A aptidão física tambémapresentou valores abaixo dos índices normais para a idade, sendo classificados, em sua maioria, como“Fraco” ou “Razoável”. Conclui-se uma possível relação do desenvolvimento motor com a aptidão física edificuldades de aprendizagem.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the motor development and fitness levelphysics students with learning difficulties. Research design cross development, with a sample of 52 schools in key (between 7 and 11 years), complaining of difficulties in learning. The instruments used were: Scale Motor Development and testing PROESP. Descriptive statistics were used and the test for correlation Pearson (p <0.05). The results indicate a trend of below average performance for age,both in motor performance, as to the suitability physics of schoolchildren. The average motor quotient was generally "Normal Low "and motor age predominantly negative, with values below than expected. Physical fitness also showed values below the rates normal for age and were classified mostly as "weak" or "Reasonable". It is a possible relationship with the motor development physical and learning difficulties.

Avaliação da Qualidade de Vida e Sobrecarga de Cuidadores de Pessoas com Deficiência Intelectual / Evaluation of Quality of Life and Burden of Caregivers of Individuals with Intellectual Disability

O estudo avaliou a qualidade de vida e sobrecargade cuidadores informais de pessoas com deficiênciaintelectual da grande Florianópolis. Material e Métodos:Utilizou-se o WHOQOL-Bref para avaliação da qualidade devida e para a sobrecarga o “Burden Interview”. Os dadosforam tratados por meio de estatística descritiva eposteriormente foi aplicado o teste de Mann-Whitney paracomparação entre os grupos e verificou-se a correlaçãoentre os componentes da qualidade de vida e a sobrecargacom o teste de Spearman. Os dados foram analisados noprograma estatístico SPSS 17.0, com nível de significânciap<0,05. Resultados: A amostra (n=66) apresentou média de50,29±14,91 anos, sendo constituída, em sua maioria, pormulheres (83,3%), mães (56,1%), casadas (54,5%) eaposentadas (53%). Os cuidadores apresentaram pior escorede qualidade de vida no domínio meio ambiente, seguido dosdomínios psicológico e físico. Os resultados apontaram adependência e a responsabilidade pelo cuidado com maioresvalores de sobrecarga. Conclusão: Os dados mostram quequanto maior a sobrecarga relatada, pior a qualidade de vidaavaliada, apontando uma relação direta da sobrecarga naqualidade de vida dos cuidadores. Os cuidadores atribuíramà falta de dinheiro o excesso de responsabilidade e adependência como principais fatores do desgaste...

The study evaluated the quality of life and burdenof informal caregivers of people with intellectual disabilitiesof Florianópolis. Materials and Methods: Were used theWHOQOL-Bref to assess quality of life and the “BurdenInterview” to evaluate burden. The data were processed bydescriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney test was later appliedfor comparison between groups. Correlation between thecomponents of quality of life and burden was investigatedthrough the Spearman test. Data were analyzed with SPSS17.0, with significance level of p <0.05. Results: The sample(n = 66) had a mean of 50.29 ± 14.91 years, being composedmostly by women (83.3%), mothers (56.1%), married (54.5%)and retired (53%). Caregivers have showed poorer scoreson quality of life in the environment domain, followed bypsychological and physical domains. The results have alsoshowed the dependence and responsibility for the care withhigher burden values. Conclusion: The data have showedthat the higher the burden reported, the worse is the qualityof life measured, indicating a direct relationship betweenquality of life and burden of caregivers. It has been attributedto lack of money, exceeded liability and dependence as keyfactors for fret...

Germinação de sementes de Dypsis decaryi (Jum. ) Beentje & J. Dransf. (Arecaceae) / Germination of Dypsis decaryi (Jum. ) Beentje & J. Dransf. (Arecaceae) seeds

Dypsis decaryi (Jum.) Beentje & J. Dransf. é uma importante palmeira comercializada para fins ornamentais. Embora seja propagada sexuadamente, não há informações na literatura sobre os fatores que afetam a germinação das sementes dessa espécie. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho estudar o efeito da temperatura e do substrato na germinação de sementes de Dypsis decaryi. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 6 x 2 (seis temperaturas: 25ºC, 30ºC, 35ºC, 20-30ºC e 25-35ºC e ambiente combinadas com dois substratos: vermiculita e areia), com 5 repetições de 20 sementes. Anotou-se, diariamente, o número de sementes germinadas adotando como critério de germinação a protrusão do botão germinativo. Após 35 dias houve estabilização dos dados e foi calculado o Índice de Velocidade de Germinação (IVG) e a porcentagem de germinação (dados transformados em arc sen √x/100) cujas médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott, a 5 por cento de probabilidade. Observou-se que maiores porcentagens de germinação de sementes de Dypsis decaryi foram obtidas quando colocadas para germinar em areia nas temperaturas ambiente de laboratório (93 por cento), 25-35ºC (92 por cento) e 25ºC (86 por cento), e em vermiculita, nas temperaturas de ambiente (91 por cento), 20-30ºC (87 por cento), 30ºC (83 por cento), 25-35ºC (80 por cento) e 25ºC (76 por cento). As sementes germinaram mais rápido em condições de ambiente de laboratório independentemente do substrato. Na temperatura de 35ºC a porcentagem de germinação foi bastante reduzida tanto em areia (21 por cento) como em vermiculita (38 por cento); as sementes germinaram mais lentamente e a germinação foi desuniforme.

Dypsis decaryi (Jum.) Beentje & J. Dransf. is an important palm with ornamental commercial value. Although it reproduces sexually, there are no data available as far as what are the factors that affect this species seed germination. The purpose of this work is to study the potential effects of temperature and substrate in Dypsis decaryi seed germination. The research framework is based on randomization, using a 6 X 2 factorial schema (six different temperatures, 25ºC, 30ºC, 35ºC, 20-30ºC, 25-35ºC and room temperature, combined with two types of substratum, sand and vermiculite) with 5 repetitions of 20 seeds. The researcher made daily records on the number of germinated seeds, and the criteria used was protusion of the germination plug. After 35 days data become stable. The Index of Germination Speed (IVG) and germination percentage were then calculated (data were converted to sen). The averages for these two indexes were compared using the Scott-Knott method with a probability of 5 percent. The data show that the higher percentages of germination were obtained with a sand substratum at temperatures of 25ºC (86 percent), 25-35ºC (92 percent) and lab room temperature (93 percent), and with a vermiculite substratum, at temperatures of 25ºC (76 percent), 30ºC (83 percent), 20-30ºC (87 percent), 25-35ºC (80 percent) and room temperature (91 percent). The seeds germinated sooner in the lab environment, for both substrates. The percentage of germination at 35ºC was markedly lower, both on sand (21 percent) and vermiculite (38 percent). In this case, the seeds took longer to germinate and germination was not uniform.