Perspectives of Home-Based Child Care Providers in New Mexico on Barriers and Facilitators to Participating in the Child and Adult Care Food Program, 2021-2022.

This study examined New Mexico home-based child care provider perspectives (n = 75) on barriers to and facilitators of Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) participation. Two thirds of the sample were Spanish speakers. Providers reported that CACFP reimbursement does not cover actual food costs and the time-and-effort costs of obtaining qualifying foods and completing required documentation. They noted that additional reimbursed meals are needed for children in care for extended hours and that linguistically competent CACFP sponsor staff facilitated their participation. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(S3):S215-S219. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307402).

Physical Rehabilitation Programs for Bedridden Patients with Prolonged Immobility: A Scoping Review.

Bedridden patients usually stay in bed for long periods, presenting several problems caused by immobility, leading to a long recovery process. Thus, identifying physical rehabilitation programs for bedridden patients with prolonged immobility requires urgent research. Therefore, this scoping review aimed to map existing physical rehabilitation programs for bedridden patients with prolonged immobility, the rehabilitation domains, the devices used, the parameters accessed, and the context in which these programs were performed. This scoping review, guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI) methodology and conducted in different databases (including grey literature), identified 475 articles, of which 27 were included in this review. The observed contexts included research institutes, hospitals, rehabilitation units, nursing homes, long-term units, and palliative care units. Most of the programs were directed to the musculoskeletal domain, predominantly toward the lower limbs. The devices used included lower limb mobilization, electrical stimulation, inclined planes, and cycle ergometers. Most of the evaluated parameters were musculoskeletal, cardiorespiratory, or vital signs. The variability of the programs, domains, devices and parameters found in this scoping review revealed no uniformity, a consequence of the personalization and individualization of care, which makes the development of a standard intervention program challenging.

A comprehensive characterization of the cell-free transcriptome reveals tissue- and subtype-specific biomarkers for cancer detection.

Cell-free RNA (cfRNA) is a promising analyte for cancer detection. However, a comprehensive assessment of cfRNA in individuals with and without cancer has not been conducted. We perform the first transcriptome-wide characterization of cfRNA in cancer (stage III breast [n = 46], lung [n = 30]) and non-cancer (n = 89) participants from the Circulating Cell-free Genome Atlas (NCT02889978). Of 57,820 annotated genes, 39,564 (68%) are not detected in cfRNA from non-cancer individuals. Within these low-noise regions, we identify tissue- and cancer-specific genes, defined as "dark channel biomarker" (DCB) genes, that are recurrently detected in individuals with cancer. DCB levels in plasma correlate with tumor shedding rate and RNA expression in matched tissue, suggesting that DCBs with high expression in tumor tissue could enhance cancer detection in patients with low levels of circulating tumor DNA. Overall, cfRNA provides a unique opportunity to detect cancer, predict the tumor tissue of origin, and determine the cancer subtype.

The naked truth: Sphynx and Devon Rex cat breed mutations in KRT71.

Hair is a unique structure, characteristic of mammals, controlling body homeostasis, as well as cell and tissue integration. Previous studies in dog, mouse, and rat have identified polymorphisms in Keratin 71 (KRT71) as responsible for the curly/wavy phenotypes. The coding sequence and the 3' UTR of KRT71 were directly sequenced in randomly bred and pedigreed domestic cats with different pelage mutations, including hairless varieties. A SNP altering a splice site was identified in the Sphynx breed and suggested to be the hairless (hr) allele, and a complex sequence alteration, also causing a splice variation, was identified in the Devon Rex breed and suggested to be the curly (re) allele. The polymorphisms were genotyped in approximately 200 cats. All the Devon Rex were homozygous for the complex alterations and most of the Sphynx were either homozygous for the hr allele or compound heterozygotes with the Devon-associated re allele, suggesting that the phenotypes are a result of the identified SNPs. Two Sphynx carrying the proposed hr mutation did not carry the Devon-associated alteration. No other causative mutations for eight different rexoid and hairless cat phenotypes were identified. The allelic series KRT71( + ) > KRT71( hr ) > KRT71( re ) is suggested.

Morbidade entre a pós-biópsia de linfonodo sentinela e a dissecção axilar no câncer de mama / Morbidity after sentinel node biopsy and axillary dissection in breast cancer

OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a morbidade cirúrgica pós-biópsia de linfonodo sentinela (BLS) ou dissecção axilar com (DA-NP) e sem preservação do nervo intercostobraquial (DA-NS). MÉTODOS: Fez-se estudo coorte prospectivo com 108 pacientes divididas em três grupos: BLS (n=35), DA-NP (n=36) e DA-NS (n=37). Foram avaliadas ocorrência de déficit sensorial, dor, linfedema, seroma e infecção no membro superior homolateral à cirurgia. Monofilamentos de Semmes-Weinstein foram usados para avaliar o déficit sensorial, perimetria braquial foi feita para avaliação da presença de linfedema e aplicado questionário de dor. Para análise estatística foram utilizados os testes ANOVA e Kruskal-Wallis. Foi feita análise bivariada e multivariada. RESULTADOS: Pelo menos uma complicação pós-cirúrgica, imediata ou tardia, ocorreu em 45/108 (41,7 por cento) pacientes avaliadas. A complicação mais comum foi dor. Houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os três grupos somente quanto ao déficit sensorial (p=0,04). Dor, linfedema e déficit sensorial ocorreram com maior freqüência no grupo DA-NS. As pacientes dos grupos BLS e DA-NP não apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significantes para nenhuma das variáveis analisadas. A pesquisa com os monofilamentos mostrou sensibilidade cutânea preservada em 28/35 pacientes do grupo BLS, em 25/36 pacientes do grupo DA-NP e em 10/37 pacientes do grupo DA-NS (p<0,001). CONCLUSÃO: A secção do nervo está relacionada a maior déficit sensorial havendo diferença estatisticamente significante entre os três grupos, o que não demonstrou ser significante com os demais critérios avaliados dentre os grupos analisados.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the morbidity after sentinel node biopsy (SNB) and axillary dissection with (AD-NS) or without sparing the intercostobrachial nerve (AD-NOS). Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed on 108 patients divided into three groups: SNB (n=35), AD-NS (n=36) and AD-NOS (n=37). We evaluated the incidence of sensory loss, pain, lymphedema, seroma formation and infection in the arm homolateral to the breast surgery. Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments were used to assess the sensory loss; brachial perimetry was used to evaluate presence of lymphedema and a pain questionnaire was administered. ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests were used. Bivariate and Multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS: After surgery at least one complication was reported by 45/108 (41.7 percent) patients. Pain was the outcome more often reported by patients. In the three groups a significant difference was observed only regarding sensory loss (p=0.04). Pain, lymphedema, and sensory loss were more frequently found in the AD-NOS group. No significant difference was observed between SNB and AD-NS groups. Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments showed preservation of cutaneous sensitivity in 28/35 patients from the SNB group, in 25/36 patients from AD-NS group but in only 10/37 patients from AD-NOS group (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The ICB section is associated with higher sensory loss, with statistically significant difference between the groups that were not shown to be significant with the others complications.

[Morbidity after sentinel node biopsy and axillary dissection in breast cancer]. / Morbidade entre a pós-biópsia de linfonodo sentinela e a dissecção axilar no câncer de mama.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the morbidity after sentinel node biopsy (SNB) and axillary dissection with (AD-NS) or without sparing the intercostobrachial nerve (AD-NOS). METHODS: A prospective cohort study was performed on 108 patients divided into three groups: SNB (n=35), AD-NS (n=36) and AD-NOS (n=37). We evaluated the incidence of sensory loss, pain, lymphedema, seroma formation and infection in the arm homolateral to the breast surgery. Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments were used to assess the sensory loss; brachial perimetry was used to evaluate presence of lymphedema and a pain questionnaire was administered. ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests were used. Bivariate and Multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS: After surgery at least one complication was reported by 45/108 (41.7%) patients. Pain was the outcome more often reported by patients. In the three groups a significant difference was observed only regarding sensory loss (p=0.04). Pain, lymphedema, and sensory loss were more frequently found in the AD-NOS group. No significant difference was observed between SNB and AD-NS groups. Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments showed preservation of cutaneous sensitivity in 28/35 patients from the SNB group, in 25/36 patients from AD-NS group but in only 10/37 patients from AD-NOS group (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The ICB section is associated with higher sensory loss, with statistically significant difference between the groups that were not shown to be significant with the others complications.

Avaliação clínica da dor e sensibilidade cutânea de pacientes submetidas à dissecção axilar com preservação do nervo intercostobraquial para tratamento cirúrgico do câncer de mama / Clinical evaluation of pain and cutaneous sensitivity in patients with preservation of intercostobrachial nerve during the axillary dissection for breast cancer treatment

OBJETIVO: avaliar a dor e a sensibilidade cutânea superficial no dermátomo do nervo intercostobraquial (NICB) em pacientes submetidas à dissecção axilar com preservação do NICB para tratamento cirúrgico do câncer de mama. MÉTODOS: realizamos estudo tipo coorte prospectivo de 77 pacientes divididas em Grupo NP (n=34), sem preservação do NICB, e Grupo ICB (n=43), com preservação do NICB. A sensibilidade cutânea foi avaliada um ano após a cirurgia, empregando-se: 1) questionário modificado de McGill; 2) exame clínico incluindo perimetria braquial, pesquisa de sensibilidade táctil e dolorosa; 3) aplicação dos monofilamentos de Semmes-Weinsten que permitem avaliar de forma objetiva, qualitativa e quantitativamente, lesões de nervo periférico. Para análise estatística, foram usados os testes do chi2, Kruskal-Wallis e exato de Fisher. RESULTADOS: a dor foi relatada com maior freqüência pelas pacientes do Grupo NP (23/33) do que pelas pacientes do Grupo ICB (17/42); p=0,012. A sensibilidade dolorosa estava preservada na maioria das pacientes do Grupo ICB (38/42) e em apenas 11/33 do Grupo NP (p<0,01). A pesquisa com os monofilamentos revelou sensibilidade cutânea preservada em 30/41 pacientes do Grupo ICB e em 9/33 pacientes do Grupo NP (p<0,01). Não houve diferença significativa quanto ao número de linfonodos dissecados entre os dois grupos de pacientes (p=0,66). CONCLUSÕES: pacientes submetidas à dissecção axilar com preservação do NICB apresentaram menor sintomatologia dolorosa e maior preservação da sensibilidade cutânea superficial, sem prejuízo do número de linfonodos dissecados durante o esvaziamento axilar.

PURPOSE: loss of cutaneous sensitivity has been related to lesions of the intercostobrachial nerve (ICBN) during the axillary lymph node dissection for breast cancer treatment. We evaluated pain and cutaneous sensitivity in the ICBN dermatome of patients in which the nerve was preserved during the axillary dissection. METHODS: we carried out a prospective cohort study of 77 patients divided into: NP group (n=34), patients without ICBN preservation, and ICB group (n=43), patients in which the nerve was preserved. Cutaneous sensitivity was evaluated one year after surgery using 1) a modified McGill Pain Questionnaire; 2) clinical examination including brachial perimetry and evaluation of pain and tactile sensitivity; 3) Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments which allow an objective, qualitative, and quantitative evaluation of peripheral nerve lesions. RESULTS: pain was more frequently reported in the NP group (23/33) than in patients from the ICB group (17/42); p=0,012. Painful sensitivity was preserved in the majority of patients from the ICB group (38/42) but in only 11/33 patients from the NP group (p<0,01). There was no significant difference in the number of lymph nodes dissected between the two groups (p=0,06). CONCLUSIONS: patients with ICBN preservation had less pain and more preservation of cutaneous sensitivity, with no decreased number of axillary lymph nodes removed during the axillary dissection.

Proposta multidisciplinar e intersetorial de atenção aos adolescentes da área de abrangência de um centro de saúde de Belo Horizonte - MG

Diante dos riscos sociais como gravidez, uso de drogas, mortalidade por causas violentas, exposição às doenças sexualmente transmissíveis e a percepção da necessidade de intervir sobre estes problemas, o trabalho trata de uma proposta de intervenção multidisciplinar e intersetorial para adolescentes da área de abrangência do Centro de Saúde São Paulo, Belo Horizonte-MG, a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica para compreensão deste período da vida, e das possibilidades de ações de promoção da saúde para os adolescentes. Foram considerados os pontos relacionados à auto-estima, protagonismo juvenil, apoio aos pais e a participação da comunidade nas ações propostas.