Systematics and biogeography of the Atlantic Forest endemic genus Juliomys (Rodentia: Cricetidae): a test of diversification hypothesis using mitochondrial data

The Atlantic Forest harbors a large species richness and high levels of endemism, but the processes that shaped its biodiversity are poorly studied, especially for mammals. Among them are the endemic mice Juliomys, which comprise forest dwellers distributed in southeastern and southern Brazil, northeastern Argentina, and eastern Paraguay. In this study, we investigate the phylogenetic relationships among species and perform phylogeographic analyses to evaluate the population structure and demographic scenarios through mitochondrial gene cytochrome b sequences. We investigate three hypotheses of diversification (forest refuges, montane isolate, and geomorphological events) to understand the evolution of the Juliomys species. Phylogenetic analyses recovered five clades/lineages, four of which are congruent with species currently recognized. The fifth lineage expands the range of the genus 659 km to the north and may represent a new species. The observed demographic and geographic structure of genetic diversity does not match the forest refuge hypothesis as mechanism to explain the diversification in Juliomys. Our results recovered J. rimofrons and J. ximenezi as sister species, supporting predictions of montane isolate hypothesis. We also detected a shallow genetic structure in J. pictipes and J. ossitenuis. Both phylogeographic breaks were congruent with limits of the São Paulo Basin, an area that has undergone Neogene reactivations of tectonic faults. It is suggested that geomorphological events led to a deformed landscape that influenced the dynamics of sedimentary basins and promoted an incipient population structure in J. pictipes and J. ossitenuis. Our findings demonstrate that the divergences whithin Juliomys species occurred during the Quaternary, too recently to have produced strong geographic structure.

Systematics and biogeography of the atlantic forest endemic genus Juliomys (Rodentia: Cricetidae): A test of diversification hypothesis using mitochondrial data

The Atlantic Forest harbors a large species richness and high levels of endemism, but the processes that shaped its biodiversity are poorly studied, especially for mammals. Among them are the endemic mice Juliomys, which comprise forest dwellers distributed in southeastern and southern Brazil, northeastern Argentina, and eastern Paraguay. In this study, we investigate the phylogenetic relationships among species and perform phylogeographic analyses to evaluate the population structure and demographic scenarios through mitochondrial gene cytochrome b sequences. We investigate three hypotheses of diversification (forest refuges, montane isolate, and geomorphological events) to understand the evolution of the Juliomys species. Phylogenetic analyses recovered five clades/lineages, four of which are congruent with species currently recognized. The fifth lineage expands the range of the genus 659 km to the north and may represent a new species. The observed demographic and geographic structure of genetic diversity does not match the forest refuge hypothesis as mechanism to explain the diversification in Juliomys. Our results recovered J. rimofrons and J. ximenezi as sister species, supporting predictions of montane isolate hypothesis. We also detected a shallow genetic structure in J. pictipes and J. ossitenuis. Both phylogeographic breaks were congruent with limits of the São Paulo Basin, an area that has undergone Neogene reactivations of tectonic faults. It is suggested that geomorphological events led to a deformed landscape that influenced the dynamics of sedimentary basins and promoted an incipient population structure in J. pictipes and J. ossitenuis. Our findings demonstrate that the divergences whithin Juliomys species occurred during the Quaternary, too recently to have produced strong geographic structure.

Kawasaki Disease Associated with Covid-19 in a Pediatric Patient.

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a multisystemic vasculitis of small and medium-size vessels that mainly affects children under five years of age. The etiology of KD is still uncertain; however, evidence suggests that infectious agents and genetic susceptibility act as a trigger for its development, which could explain the increase in cases of children with COVID-19 who developed a classic or incomplete form of KD. The aim of this report is to discuss a case of a five-year-old boy diagnosed with incomplete KD associated with COVID-19.

Burden, family functioning, and psychological health of older caregivers of older adults: a path analysis / Sobrecarga, funcionalidade familiar e saúde psicológica de idosos cuidadores de idosos: uma path analysis

Objectives: To evaluate an explanatory model of direct and indirect associations regarding the psychological health of older caregivers of functionally dependent older adults. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study performed with older caregivers recruited in contexts of outpatient and home care. We collected information on sociodemographic characteristics, duration of caregiving, physical and cognitive function indicators of the older care recipients, perceived burden, family functioning, and psychological health measures (psychological need satisfaction and depressive symptoms). Results: We evaluated 133 caregivers (76% female, 69.5 ± 6.98 years). Variables that were significantly correlated with psychological health were selected to form an association model to be tested by structural equation modeling via path analysis. Depressive symptom variability was best explained by this model. Caregiver burden remained in the model as a mediator of indirect associations between physical function for instrumental activities of daily living and indicators of family functioning and psychological health. Three associative paths between caregiver burden and depressive symptoms were found ­ one of them was direct and the other two were mediated whether by family functioning or by the level of psychological need satisfaction. Conclusion: Depressive symptoms were the psychological health indicator best explained by the model involving instrumental functional demands that generate burden. Clinical consequences suggested by the model indicate interventions aimed at family functioning and opportunities of psychological need satisfaction as strategies for promoting caregivers' psychological health.

Objetivos: Avaliar um modelo de associações diretas e indiretas explicativo de saúde psicológica de idosos cuidadores de outros idosos funcionalmente dependentes. Metodologia: Estudo transversal realizado com idosos cuidadores recrutados em contexto ambulatorial e de atenção domiciliar. Foram levantadas informações sociodemográficas, tempo de exercício do cuidado, indicadores funcionais físicos e cognitivos dos idosos que recebem os cuidados, percepção de sobrecarga, funcionalidade familiar e medidas de saúde psicológica (satisfação de necessidades psicológicas e sintomatologia depressiva). Resultados: Foram avaliados 133 cuidadores (76% feminino, 69,5 ± 6,98 anos). As variáveis correlacionadas significativamente à saúde psicológica foram escolhidas para a composição do modelo de associações testado por análise de equações estruturais via path analysis. A variabilidade em sintomatologia depressiva foi melhor explicada pelo modelo. Sobrecarga permaneceu no modelo como mediadora das associações indiretas entre funcionalidade física para atividades instrumentais da vida diária e os indicadores de funcionalidade familiar e de saúde psicológica. Três caminhos associativos entre sobrecarga e sintomatologia depressiva foram encontrados ­ um direto e dois mediados, ora pela funcionalidade familiar, ora pelo nível de satisfação de necessidades psicológicas. Conclusão: Sintomatologia depressiva foi o indicador de saúde psicológica mais bem explicado pelo modelo que envolve a presença de demandas funcionais instrumentais geradoras de sobrecarga. Desdobramentos clínicos sugeridos pelo modelo apontam para intervenções com alvo em funcionalidade familiar e de oportunidades de satisfação de necessidades psicológicas como estratégias para promover a saúde psicológica do cuidador.

Clinical and post mortem examination of white worm lizards (Amphisbaena alba) in the State of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil: morphological, pathological and radiographic findings of a secretive species / Exame clínico e post mortem de anfisbenas (Amphisbaena alba) no Estado da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil: achados morfológicos, patológicos e radiográficos de uma espécie reservada

Amphisbenians are limbless reptiles that belong to the order Squamata. Due to their fossorial and secrevie habits, little is known about their morphology, ecology and pathological conditions that may affect them. In this manuscript, we present a brief guide for identification of normal structures as well as traumatic injuries on radiography and necropsy of Amphisbaena alba. From April to September 2019, three cases of A. alba with suspected trauma were referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB). In the clinical evaluation, traumatic injuries were observed, and support therapy was instituted, but they did not resist and died shortly after. Bone fractures and organ ruptures, in addition to specific structures of this species were identified on radiography. A systematic necropsy was performed of all amphisbaenians in order to evaluate external and internal structures, not only to identify lesions but also to investigate the morphological aspects of amphisbenids. Macroscopically, multiple organ fractures and ruptures observed in radiographs were confirmed, in addition to the presence of the cestodes Semenoviella amphisbaenae in the large intestine. Histologically, it was possible to identify normal characteristics and microscopic lesions in the tissues. This is the first study to incorporate morphological, clinical, and pathological aspects of A. alba. This manuscript brings essential information for wildlife veterinarians and pathologists who may have to treat or perform a necropsy on these unique reptiles.(AU)

Anfisbenas são répteis desprovidos de membros que pertencem a ordem Squamata. Devido a seus hábitos fossoriais e reclusos, pouco se conhece sobre sua morfologia, ecologia e condições patológicas que possam afetá-las. Neste artigo, um guia sucinto para a necropsia, identificação de tecidos e órgãos e lesões encontradas em Amphisbaena alba, é apresentado. Durante março e dezembro de 2019, três casos de A. alba com suspeita de trauma foram encaminhados ao Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Na avaliação clínica foram observadas lesões traumáticas e instituído um suporte terapêutico, porém não resistiram e morreram em seguida. Foram realizadas projeções radiográficas onde identificaram fraturas e ruptura de órgãos, além de identificar estruturas específicas dessa espécie. Uma avaliação completa de estruturas externas e internas foi conduzida para investigar aspectos morfológicos dos anfisbenídeos. Macroscopicamente foram confirmadas múltiplas fraturas e rupturas de órgãos observadas anteriormente nas radiografias, além disso evidenciou no intestino grosso presença de parasitos anoplocéfalos denominados Semenoviella amphisbaenae. Na histologia foi possível identificar características normais e lesões microscópicas nos tecidos. Esse é o primeiro estudo a incorporar aspectos morfológicos, clínicos e patológicos de A. alba. Esse manuscrito traz informações essenciais para clínicos e patologistas de animais selvagens que podem se deparar com casos clínicos ou de necropsia de Amphisbaena alba.(AU)

Clinical and post mortem examination of white worm lizards (Amphisbaena alba) in the State of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil: morphological, pathological and radiographic findings of a secretive species

ABSTRACT: Amphisbenians are limbless reptiles that belong to the order Squamata. Due to their fossorial and secrevie habits, little is known about their morphology, ecology and pathological conditions that may affect them. In this manuscript, we present a brief guide for identification of normal structures as well as traumatic injuries on radiography and necropsy of Amphisbaena alba. From April to September 2019, three cases of A. alba with suspected trauma were referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB). In the clinical evaluation, traumatic injuries were observed, and support therapy was instituted, but they did not resist and died shortly after. Bone fractures and organ ruptures, in addition to specific structures of this species were identified on radiography. A systematic necropsy was performed of all amphisbaenians in order to evaluate external and internal structures, not only to identify lesions but also to investigate the morphological aspects of amphisbenids. Macroscopically, multiple organ fractures and ruptures observed in radiographs were confirmed, in addition to the presence of the cestodes Semenoviella amphisbaenae in the large intestine. Histologically, it was possible to identify normal characteristics and microscopic lesions in the tissues. This is the first study to incorporate morphological, clinical, and pathological aspects of A. alba. This manuscript brings essential information for wildlife veterinarians and pathologists who may have to treat or perform a necropsy on these unique reptiles.

RESUMO: Anfisbenas são répteis desprovidos de membros que pertencem a ordem Squamata. Devido a seus hábitos fossoriais e reclusos, pouco se conhece sobre sua morfologia, ecologia e condições patológicas que possam afetá-las. Neste artigo, um guia sucinto para a necropsia, identificação de tecidos e órgãos e lesões encontradas em Amphisbaena alba, é apresentado. Durante março e dezembro de 2019, três casos de A. alba com suspeita de trauma foram encaminhados ao Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Na avaliação clínica foram observadas lesões traumáticas e instituído um suporte terapêutico, porém não resistiram e morreram em seguida. Foram realizadas projeções radiográficas onde identificaram fraturas e ruptura de órgãos, além de identificar estruturas específicas dessa espécie. Uma avaliação completa de estruturas externas e internas foi conduzida para investigar aspectos morfológicos dos anfisbenídeos. Macroscopicamente foram confirmadas múltiplas fraturas e rupturas de órgãos observadas anteriormente nas radiografias, além disso evidenciou no intestino grosso presença de parasitos anoplocéfalos denominados Semenoviella amphisbaenae. Na histologia foi possível identificar características normais e lesões microscópicas nos tecidos. Esse é o primeiro estudo a incorporar aspectos morfológicos, clínicos e patológicos de A. alba. Esse manuscrito traz informações essenciais para clínicos e patologistas de animais selvagens que podem se deparar com casos clínicos ou de necropsia de Amphisbaena alba.

Clinical and post mortem examination of white worm lizards (Amphisbaena alba) in the State of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil: morphological, pathological and radiographic findings of a secretive species / Exame clínico e post mortem de anfisbenas (Amphisbaena alba) no Estado da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil: achados morfológicos, patológicos e radiográficos de uma espécie reservada

Amphisbenians are limbless reptiles that belong to the order Squamata. Due to their fossorial and secrevie habits, little is known about their morphology, ecology and pathological conditions that may affect them. In this manuscript, we present a brief guide for identification of normal structures as well as traumatic injuries on radiography and necropsy of Amphisbaena alba. From April to September 2019, three cases of A. alba with suspected trauma were referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB). In the clinical evaluation, traumatic injuries were observed, and support therapy was instituted, but they did not resist and died shortly after. Bone fractures and organ ruptures, in addition to specific structures of this species were identified on radiography. A systematic necropsy was performed of all amphisbaenians in order to evaluate external and internal structures, not only to identify lesions but also to investigate the morphological aspects of amphisbenids. Macroscopically, multiple organ fractures and ruptures observed in radiographs were confirmed, in addition to the presence of the cestodes Semenoviella amphisbaenae in the large intestine. Histologically, it was possible to identify normal characteristics and microscopic lesions in the tissues. This is the first study to incorporate morphological, clinical, and pathological aspects of A. alba. This manuscript brings essential information for wildlife veterinarians and pathologists who may have to treat or perform a necropsy on these unique reptiles.(AU)

Anfisbenas são répteis desprovidos de membros que pertencem a ordem Squamata. Devido a seus hábitos fossoriais e reclusos, pouco se conhece sobre sua morfologia, ecologia e condições patológicas que possam afetá-las. Neste artigo, um guia sucinto para a necropsia, identificação de tecidos e órgãos e lesões encontradas em Amphisbaena alba, é apresentado. Durante março e dezembro de 2019, três casos de A. alba com suspeita de trauma foram encaminhados ao Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Na avaliação clínica foram observadas lesões traumáticas e instituído um suporte terapêutico, porém não resistiram e morreram em seguida. Foram realizadas projeções radiográficas onde identificaram fraturas e ruptura de órgãos, além de identificar estruturas específicas dessa espécie. Uma avaliação completa de estruturas externas e internas foi conduzida para investigar aspectos morfológicos dos anfisbenídeos. Macroscopicamente foram confirmadas múltiplas fraturas e rupturas de órgãos observadas anteriormente nas radiografias, além disso evidenciou no intestino grosso presença de parasitos anoplocéfalos denominados Semenoviella amphisbaenae. Na histologia foi possível identificar características normais e lesões microscópicas nos tecidos. Esse é o primeiro estudo a incorporar aspectos morfológicos, clínicos e patológicos de A. alba. Esse manuscrito traz informações essenciais para clínicos e patologistas de animais selvagens que podem se deparar com casos clínicos ou de necropsia de Amphisbaena alba.(AU)

Morphological variation in the genus Juliomys (Rodentia: Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) and taxonomic status of Juliomys anoblepas (Winge 1887) from the Quaternary of Southeast Brazil.

The region of Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, is one of the most important karstic areas of the Brazilian Quaternary due to the faunistic diversity of living and extinct forms. Among them, some taxa remain poorly studied, as is the case of Calomys anoblepas Winge 1887. Despite the recent allocation of the taxon within Juliomys, its description and morphological analysis are condensed, based on comparative few specimens and on few informative characters. In this study, we investigate characters proposed to distinguish species of Juliomys, and reevaluate the taxonomic status of the fossil Juliomys anoblepas. We analyzed 80 cranio-dental morphological characters in 233 specimens represented by the four species currently recognized: J. pictipes (Osgood 1933), J. rimofrons Oliveira Bonvicino 2002, J. ossitenuis Costa, Pavan, Leite Fagundes 2007, and J. ximenezi Christoff, Vieira, Oliveira, Gonçalves, Valiati Tomasi 2016. We also performed principal component analysis on eight craniodental measurements available for the J. anoblepas hypodigm. The review of morphological systems and the evaluation of the characters used in the literature revealed that there are no diagnostic characters in the anterior portion of the skull and in the molar series of Juliomys, being difficult to differentiate the fossil from the other living species. Only six qualitative characters were variable and applicable to the hypodigm of J. anoblepas. Characters are polymorphic, invariable, or the fossil is not sufficiently complete to determinate its states. The taxon could not be morphometrically differentiated from J. pictipes and J. ossitenuis. Based on the results presented herein, we consider J. anoblepas as a nomen dubium and restrict its name to the taxon's hypodigm.

Safety, Tumor Reduction, and Clinical Impact of Zika Virus Injection in Dogs with Advanced-Stage Brain Tumors.

Malignant brain tumors are among the most aggressive cancers with poor prognosis and no effective treatment. Recently, we reported the oncolytic potential of Zika virus infecting and destroying the human central nervous system (CNS) tumors in vitro and in immunodeficient mice model. However, translating this approach to humans requires pre-clinical trials in another immunocompetent animal model. Here, we analyzed the safety of Brazilian Zika virus (ZIKVBR) intrathecal injections in three dogs bearing spontaneous CNS tumors aiming an anti-tumoral therapy. We further assessed some aspects of the innate immune and inflammatory response that triggers the anti-tumoral response observed during the ZIKVBR administration in vivo and in vitro. For the first time, we showed that there were no negative clinical side effects following ZIKVBR CNS injections in dogs, confirming the safety of the procedure. Furthermore, the intrathecal ZIKVBR injections reduced tumor size in immunocompetent dogs bearing spontaneous intracranial tumors, improved their neurological clinical symptoms significantly, and extended their survival by inducing the destruction specifically of tumor cells, sparing normal neurons, and activating an immune response. These results open new perspectives for upcoming virotherapy using ZIKV to destroy and induce an anti-tumoral immune response in CNS tumors for which there are currently no effective treatments.

Evolução do excesso de peso em gestantes usuárias da Atenção Primária à Saúde do município de Macaé-RJ entre 2010-2018 / Evolution of overweight pregnant women in the Primary Health Care in the city of Macaé-RJ between 2010-2018

Introdução: O estudo visa investigar a taxa de prevalência e a tendência temporal do excesso de peso em gestantes usuárias da Atenção Primária à Saúde de Macaé, entre 2010 e 2018. Método: Realizou-se estudo quantitativo, de série temporal, com a base de dados do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional (Sisvan WEB), de acesso público, referente ao diagnóstico nutricional de gestantes ≥20 anos usuárias da Atenção Primária à Saúde do município de Macaé, no período de 2010 a 2018. Analisaram-se 4.279 registros de gestantes no período de nove anos. As variáveis estudadas foram: ano de coleta e registro dos dados; baixo peso; peso adequado; sobrepeso; obesidade; excesso de peso (sobrepeso e obesidade). A análise de tendência do excesso de peso foi realizada por meio de modelos de regressão linear simples, considerando-se o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: As prevalências do excesso de peso em gestantes foram elevadas e ascendentes: 2010 (40,2%), 2011 (37,5%), 2012 (46,8%), 2013 (48,8%), 2014 (50,9%), 2015 (51,8%), 2016 (54,4%), 2017 (57,6%) e 2018 (55,8%). Em todas as análises, detectou-se a tendência significativa e crescente, podendo-se destacar o desfecho do excesso de peso, que apresentou velocidade de incremento anual (ß1=2,35; p-valor<0,001) superior aos demais desfechos analisados em separado. Conclusão: Conclui-se que é elevada e crescente a prevalência do excesso de peso em gestantes usuárias da Atenção Primária à Saúde do município de Macaé no período estudado. (AU)

Introduction The study aims to investigate the prevalence rate and the time trend of excess weight in pregnant women receiving Primary Health Care in Macaé, between 2010 and 2018. Method: A quantitative, time series study was conducted with the open access database of the Food and Nutritional Surveillance System (Sisvan WEB), relative to the nutritional diagnosis of pregnant women> 20 years old, receiving Primary Health Care in the city of Macaé, between 2010 and 2018. Analyses were made of 4,279 records of pregnant women over a nine-year period. The study variables were: year of data collection and registration; low weight; adequate weight; overweight; obesity; excess weight (overweight and obesity). Trend analysis of excess weight was performed using simple linear regression models, considering the significance level of 5%. Results: Prevalence of overweight in pregnant women was high and rising: 2010 (40.2%), 2011 (37.5%), 2012 (46.8%), 2013 (48.8%), 2014 (50.9%), 2015 (51.8%), 2016 (54.4%), 2017 (57.6%) and 2018 (55.8%). All analyses showed a significant and growing trend, especially for the excess weight outcome, whose annual increase speed (£ 1 = 2.35; p-value <0.001) was higher than the other outcomes, when analyzed separately. Conclusion: Prevalence of excess weight in pregnant women receiving Primary Health Care in the city of Macaé was high and growing during the study period. (AU)

Atenção nutricional e práticas alimentares na perspectiva de gestantes com excesso de peso / Nutritional attention and food practices in the perspective of overweight pregnant women

Objetivo: Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar a atenção nutricional e as práticas alimentares, na perspectiva de gestantes com excesso de peso assistidas na Atenção Básica de Macaé, Rio de Janeiro. Métodos: Trata-se de pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, fundamentada no paradigma interpretativista. Realizaram-se entrevistas em profundidade, cujos dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo temática adaptada de Bardin. Foram entrevistadas 12 gestantes com excesso de peso, maiores de 20 anos, residentes em Macaé-RJ. Resultados: O estudo verificou o estabelecimento de relações verticalizadas entre o profissional de saúde-usuário, descontinuidade do atendimento nutricional e a não adesão às orientações dietéticas por algumas participantes. Houve maior aceitação do ganho de peso gestacional excessivo e adoção de práticas alimentares ambíguas, permeadas tanto pelo consumo exagerado de alimentos quanto pela retirada de alimentos considerados "ruins e/ou besteiras". O discurso verticalizado do profissional de saúde, frequentemente autoritário, e a anulação da mulher enquanto sujeito ativo na construção do cuidado se manifestaram, de forma implícita, nas narrativas. Conclusão: A naturalização do excesso de peso gestacional, concepções construídas no imaginário social como o "comer por dois" e "desejos" durante a gestação, o conjunto das práticas alimentares nesse período e o suporte familiar constituem elementos relevantes a serem considerados pelas equipes de saúde para a organização da atenção nutricional. (AU)

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate nutritional care and dietary practices, from the perspective of overweight pregnant women receiving primary health care in the town of Macaé, Rio de Janeiro state. Methods: This is a qualitative research study, based on the interpretive paradigm. In-depth interviews were conducted, and the data underwent thematic content analysis, adapted from Bardin. Twelve overweight pregnant women, over 20 years old, living in Macaé-RJ, were interviewed. Results: The study found the establishment of vertical relationships between the health workerpatient, discontinued nutritional care and non-adherence to dietary guidelines by some participants. There was greater acceptance of excessive gestational weight gain and the adoption of ambiguous eating practices, permeated both by the excessive intake of food and by the withdrawal of foods considered to be "bad and/or junk". The vertical discourse of health workers, which is often authoritarian, and the nullification of women as an active subject in the construction of care, were implicitly reported in the narratives. Conclusion: Naturalization of gestational excess weight, conceptions built in the social imaginary such as "eating for two" and "cravings" during pregnancy, the set of eating practices in this period and family support are relevant elements to be considered by health teams for the organization of nutritional care. (AU)

Safety, tumor reduction, and clinical impact of Zika Virus injection in dogs with advanced-stage brain tumors

Malignant brain tumors are among the most aggressive cancers with poor prognosis and no effective treatment. Recently, we reported the oncolytic potential of Zika virus infecting and destroying the human central nervous system (CNS) tumors in vitro and in immunodeficient mice model. However, translating this approach to humans requires pre-clinical trials in another immunocompetent animal model. Here, we analyzed the safety of Brazilian Zika virus (ZIKVBR) intrathecal injections in three dogs bearing spontaneous CNS tumors aiming an anti-tumoral therapy. We further assessed some aspects of the innate immune and inflammatory response that triggers the anti-tumoral response observed during the ZIKVBR administration in vivo and in vitro. For the first time, we showed that there were no negative clinical side effects following ZIKVBR CNS injections in dogs, confirming the safety of the procedure. Furthermore, the intrathecal ZIKVBR injections reduced tumor size in immunocompetent dogs bearing spontaneous intracranial tumors, improved their neurological clinical symptoms significantly, and extended their survival by inducing the destruction specifically of tumor cells, sparing normal neurons, and activating an immune response. These results open new perspectives for upcoming virotherapy using ZIKV to destroy and induce an anti-tumoral immune response in CNS tumors for which there are currently no effective treatments.

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy in brazil: a case series / Adrenoleucodistrofia ligada ao x no brasil: uma série de casos

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe patients with different phenotypes of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy: pre-symptomatic, cerebral demyelinating inflammatory adrenoleukodystrophy, adrenomyeloneuropathy and adrenal insufficiency only. Methods: Specific data related to epidemiology, phenotype, diagnosis and treatment of 24 patients with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy were collected. A qualitative cross-sectional and descriptive-exploratory analysis was performed using medical records from a reference center in Neuropediatrics in Curitiba, Brazil, as well as an electronic questionnaire. Results: The majority (79%) of patients had cerebral demyelinating inflammatory adrenoleukodystrophy, presenting aphasia, hyperactivity and vision disorders as the main initial symptoms. These symptoms appeared, on average, between six and seven years of age. There was a mean delay of 11 months between the onset of symptoms/signs and the diagnosis. Patients sought diagnosis mainly with neuropediatricians, and the main requested tests were dosage of very long chain fatty acids and brain magnetic resonance. Conclusions: All phenotypes of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, except for myelopathy in women, were presented in the studied population, which mainly consisted of children and adolescents. Prevalent signs and symptoms registered in the literature were observed. Most of the patients with cerebral demyelinating inflammatory adrenoleukodystrophy were not diagnosed in time for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever pacientes com diferentes formas de adrenoleucodistrofia ligada ao X: pré-sintomática, adrenoleucodistrofia inflamatória desmielinizante cerebral, adrenomieloneuropatia e insuficiência adrenal primária. Métodos: Dados específicos relacionados a epidemiologia, fenótipo, diagnóstico e tratamento de 24 pacientes com adrenoleucodistrofia ligada ao X foram coletados. Realizou-se análise qualitativa, transversal e descritivo-exploratória, utilizando prontuários de um centro de referência em neuropediatria de Curitiba, Brasil, além de um questionário eletrônico. Resultados: A maioria (79%) dos pacientes manifestou adrenoleucodistrofia inflamatória desmielinizante cerebral, apresentando afasia, hiperatividade e distúrbios da visão como principais sintomas iniciais, que apareceram, em média, entre seis e sete anos de idade. Houve um atraso médio de 11 meses entre o início das manifestações e o diagnóstico. Os pacientes procuraram diagnóstico principalmente com neuropediatras, e os principais exames solicitados foram dosagem de ácidos graxos de cadeia muito longa e a ressonância magnética de crânio. Conclusões: Todos os fenótipos da adrenoleucodistrofia ligada ao X, exceto mielopatia em mulheres, foram apresentados na amostra estudada, composta principalmente de crianças e adolescentes. Foram observados sinais e sintomas prevalentes na literatura. A maioria dos pacientes com adrenoleucodistrofia inflamatória desmielinizante cerebral não recebeu diagnóstico em tempo hábil para a realização de transplante de medula óssea.

X-LINKED ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY IN BRAZIL: A CASE SERIES.

OBJECTIVE: To describe patients with different phenotypes of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy: pre-symptomatic, cerebral demyelinating inflammatory adrenoleukodystrophy, adrenomyeloneuropathy and adrenal insufficiency only. METHODS: Specific data related to epidemiology, phenotype, diagnosis and treatment of 24 patients with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy were collected. A qualitative cross-sectional and descriptive-exploratory analysis was performed using medical records from a reference center in Neuropediatrics in Curitiba, Brazil, as well as an electronic questionnaire. RESULTS: The majority (79%) of patients had cerebral demyelinating inflammatory adrenoleukodystrophy, presenting aphasia, hyperactivity and vision disorders as the main initial symptoms. These symptoms appeared, on average, between six and seven years of age. There was a mean delay of 11 months between the onset of symptoms/signs and the diagnosis. Patients sought diagnosis mainly with neuropediatricians, and the main requested tests were dosage of very long chain fatty acids and brain magnetic resonance. CONCLUSIONS: All phenotypes of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, except for myelopathy in women, were presented in the studied population, which mainly consisted of children and adolescents. Prevalent signs and symptoms registered in the literature were observed. Most of the patients with cerebral demyelinating inflammatory adrenoleukodystrophy were not diagnosed in time for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Elder abuse in Brazil: an integrative review / Maus-tratos a idosos no Brasil: uma revisão integrativa

Objective: the present study aimed to carry out an integrative review of literature on the scientific knowledge relating to the occurrence of elder abuse produced in Brazil between the years of 2013 to 2017. Method: a bibliographic survey was carried out through publications indexed in the Virtual Health Library (VHL) database: the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Latin American Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS) and the CAPES Portal of Periodicals (CAPES). The data collection instrument, created by the authors, included characteristics such as: year of publication, main journals, research design, topics covered, main areas of knowledge, sampling and study objectives. Results: 28 publications were analyzed. The main types of violence were psychological (28%), physical (28%), unspecified (16%), financial (12%), self-abandonment (8%), neglect and verbal violence (4%). The majority of the victims were female (64%), of unspecified gender (28%) and male (8%). Conclusion: the present integrative review found that the main violence suffered was psychological together with physical, with the elderly the main victims. The main place of maltreatment was in the home. The research also found that there are gaps in information about the reasons that triggered the aggressions. It is therefore necessary to investigate this subject further and carry out new studies that seek to identify these factors.

Objetivo: o presente estudo objetivou a realização de uma revisão integrativa da literatura sobre o conhecimento científico produzido no Brasil entre os anos de 2013 a 2017, enfatizando a ocorrência de maus-tratos contra idosos. Método: o levantamento bibliográfico foi realizado através de publicações indexadas na base de dados da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS): Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Literatura Latino-Americana em Ciências de Saúde (LILACS) e Portal de Periódicos CAPES (CAPES). O instrumento de coleta de dados, elaborado pelos autores, abrangeu características como: ano de publicação, principais periódicos, delineamento de pesquisa, temas abordados, principais áreas de conhecimento, amostragem e objetivos dos estudos. Resultados: foram analisadas 28 publicações. Os principais tipos de violência evidenciados foram: psicológica (28%), física (28%), não especificou (16%), financeira (12%), autoabandono (8%), negligência e violência verbal (4%), sendo o principal gênero da vítima do sexo feminino (64%), não especificou o gênero (28%) e do sexo masculino (8%). Conclusão: a presente revisão integrativa evidenciou que as principais violências sofridas foram à psicológica juntamente com a física, sendo as idosas as principais vítimas. O principal local de ocorrência de maus-tratos foi na própria residência. A pesquisa concluiu ainda que há lacunas de informação quanto aos motivos que desencadearam as agressões. Diante disso, faz-se necessária uma maior investigação nesse contexto e realização de novos estudos que busquem identificar esses fatores.

Qualidade de vida em tratamento de lúpus eritematoso sistêmico com antimaláricos / Quality of life in treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus with antimalarials

OBJETIVO: Avaliar se o bem-estar global de pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico é afetado pelo uso de antimaláricos. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal observacional analítico, realizado com 118 indivíduos do sexo feminino, sendo que 51 faziam uso de antimaláricos por, no mínimo, 2 anos (Grupo 1), 17 não utilizavam esse método terapêutico (Grupo 2) e 50 não tinham lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (Grupo 3). Dados epidemiológicos, clínicos e sorológicos das pacientes lúpicas foram obtidos por meio da análise de prontuários médicos, e a qualidade de vida foi avaliada pelo questionário Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form Health Survey version 2 (SF-12v2). RESULTADOS: O uso de antimaláricos foi associado à menor ocorrência de psicose e lesões renais, apesar de levar a uma frequência maior de convulsões. Quanto à percepção individual da qualidade de vida, não houve diferença significativa entre os três grupos. Porém, quando considerado o tabagismo entre as usuárias de antimaláricos, o SF-12v2 de saúde mental de fumantes foi menor do que de não fumantes. CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes lúpicas em uso de antimaláricos tiveram menor incidência de psicose e glomerulonefrite, mas não houve diferença significativa em relação à qualidade de vida e ao uso de antimaláricos, com exceção de fumantes em uso da medicação, que tiveram escore do SF-12v2 de saúde mental menor do que não fumantes em uso da mesma medicação.(AU)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether global quality of life of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus patients is affected by the use of antimalarials. METHODS: This is an observational, analytical cross-sectional study carried out with 118 female individuals, of whom 51 have been on antimalarials for at least 2 years (group 1), 17 were not using this therapy (group 2), and 50 did not have Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (group 3). Epidemiological, clinical and serological data of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus patients were obtained through the review of medical records, and quality of life was assessed using the SF-12 questionnaire. RESULTS: Antimalarial use was associated with a lower occurrence of psychosis and renal lesions, although it led to a higher prevalence of seizures. Regarding the individual perception of quality of life, there was no significant difference among the 3 groups. However, when smoking habits were considered among antimalarial users, mental health score in the SF-12 was lower in smokers than in non-smokers. CONCLUSION: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus female patients using antimalarials had a lower incidence of psychosis and glomerulonephritis, but no significant differences were found regarding antimalarial use and quality of life, except for the group of smokers using antimalarials, who had lower mental scores in the SF-12 than non-smokers using the same medication.(AU)

Inclusion of Yucca schidigera extract and zeolite in the diet and its relationship to the apparent digestibility of nutrients and urinary pH in adult dogs / Inclusão do extrato de Yucca schidigera e da zeólita na dieta e sua relação com a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes e pH urinário de cães adultos

This study aimed to evaluate the inclusion of Yucca schidigera extract and zeolite (Clinoptilolite) added to the diets for dogs and its effect on apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of diet components (dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, acid hydrolyzed fat, and energy) and urinary pH. Twenty-one adult Beagles, males and females, body weight mean of 12.5±1.5kg and four and a half years old, distributed in a completely randomized design with seven replicates per treatment within three experimental treatments: control (no addition of Yucca schidigera and zeolite), Yucca schidigera (375ppm) and zeolite (1%), administered in the encapsulated form of the supplement. The ADC of diet components and urinary pH were not affected by the inclusion of additives (P>0.05), except the ADC acid hydrolyzed fat showed reduction with Yucca schidigera supplementation compared to the other treatments (P<0.05). The addition of 375ppm of Yucca schidigera extract reduced the digestibility of dietary fat by dogs and both Yucca schidigera extract and zeolite did not affect the urinary pH of dogs.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a inclusão do extrato de Yucca schidigera e da zeólita (Clinoptilolita) nas dietas para cães e seus efeitos sobre os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente (CDA) dos componentes da dieta (matéria seca, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta, extrato etéreo em hidrólise ácida e energia) e no pH urinário. Foram utilizados 21 cães Beagles, machos e fêmeas, com peso médio de 12,5±1,5kg e quatro anos e meio de idade, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com sete repetições para cada um dos três tratamentos experimentais: controle (sem adição de Yucca schidigera e zeólita), Yucca schidigera (375ppm) e zeólita (1%), administrados na forma de suplemento encapsulado. Os CDA dos componentes da dieta e o pH urinário não foram afetados pela inclusão dos aditivos (P>0,05), exceto o CDA do extrato etéreo em hidrólise ácida, que reduziu com a suplementação de Yucca schidigera em comparação aos demais tratamentos (P<0,05). A adição de 375ppm de extrato de Yucca schidigera reduziu a digestibilidade da gordura dietética pelos cães e tanto a adição de Yucca schidigera como a de zeólita não alteraram o pH urinário.(AU)