RESUMEN
The effects of single-walled carbon nanotubes on the levels of DNA aberrations, chromosome and genome disorders were studied on human embryonic fibroblasts, their karyotype was analyzed by the spectral karyotyping method. The level of DNA aberrations increased after 3-h exposure to the nanotubes. No appreciable increase in the incidence of aberrant metaphases, micronuclei, and chromosome 1, 6, 8, 11, X, and Y aneuploidy after 24- and 48-h incubation with the nanotubes were detected.
Asunto(s)
Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Nanotubos de Carbono/toxicidad , Línea Celular , Daño del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Pruebas de MutagenicidadRESUMEN
We elaborated a method of preparing cytogenetic preparations of cultured multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells from the adipose tissue. It was found that karyotypic changes (monosomy, translocations) appear in some samples during culturing. Clones with changed karyotype were detected in 11-14-passage cultures from 2 of 7 individuals. The percent of aberrant cells in cultures from different individuals varied from 1.5 to 5.95 per 100 cells, which attested to karyotype instability. These data substantiate the need for cytogenetic control of cells before their transplantation into donor organism and further investigation of chromosome variability in stem cells.
Asunto(s)
Aberraciones Cromosómicas , Cromosomas Humanos , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/citología , Células Madre Multipotentes/citología , Adulto , Técnicas de Cultivo de Célula , Células Cultivadas , Análisis Citogenético , Humanos , Cariotipificación , Persona de Mediana Edad , Células del Estroma/citologíaRESUMEN
Correction of hormonal, immune, interferon, and antioxidant status and genetic abnormalities with a complex phytoadaptogen leads to positive clinical effects in elderly patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Asunto(s)
Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Próstata/patología , Hiperplasia Prostática/tratamiento farmacológico , Anciano , Análisis de Varianza , Antígenos de Superficie/análisis , Análisis Citogenético , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Hormonas Esteroides Gonadales/sangre , Humanos , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Linfocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Tamaño de los Órganos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Próstata/efectos de los fármacos , Hiperplasia Prostática/inmunología , Hiperplasia Prostática/metabolismo , Hiperplasia Prostática/patología , Calidad de VidaRESUMEN
Chromosome aberrations in donor peripheral blood lymphocyte culture were evaluated before, 14 and 30 days after treatment with a vitamin/mineral complex. Treatment with the complex had no effect on spontaneous level of aberrant cells. The number of chromosome aberrations induced by dioxidine or cadmium chloride in vitro at the G2 stage decreased on days 14 and 30 of treatment with the complex.
Asunto(s)
Aberraciones Cromosómicas/efectos de los fármacos , Mutagénesis , Vitaminas/farmacología , Adulto , Cloruro de Cadmio/toxicidad , Células Cultivadas , Femenino , Humanos , Linfocitos/citología , Linfocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Mutágenos/toxicidad , Quinoxalinas/toxicidad , Vitaminas/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
Spontaneous chromosome aberration rate in human blood lymphocytes was studied using the data collected during 30 years. Seasonal variation was found. An absolute maximum of chromosome aberration rate was observed in winter and a local maximum, in summer. In spring and autumn, this value decreased. There was a statistically significant trend towards higher frequencies of aberrant metaphases during the period studied. A periodic pattern of changes in the chromosome aberration frequency was found. The data fitted a sinusoid with a period of 4.5 years.
Asunto(s)
Aberraciones Cromosómicas , Linfocitos , Humanos , Factores de Riesgo , Estaciones del Año , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The data on spontaneous chromosome aberration rates in cultures of human peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained in the past 30 years have been collected to form a database. The database contains the results of analysis of more than 330,000 metaphases in lymphocytes from more than 1200 subjects. The frequency of aberrant metaphases in the control group has been estimated at 0.0213 +/- 0.00085. No differences between sexes have been found with respect to either the total chromosome aberration rate or the rates of individual aberration types. The total chromosome aberration rate did not depend on age; however, it has been found that the number of fragments increased and the number of exchanges decreased with age. Smoking has been found to increase the frequency of chromosome aberrations in individuals with occupational hazards, but not in those who are not occupationally exposed to radiation or chemicals. Alcohol consumption increased the frequency of paired fragments, whereas the frequencies of other aberrations did not differ from the control values.
Asunto(s)
Aberraciones Cromosómicas , Bases de Datos Factuales , Linfocitos , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Envejecimiento/genética , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/genética , Células Cultivadas , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores Sexuales , Fumar/genéticaRESUMEN
The paper presents the results of an integrated medical genetic survey carried out in the town of Chapayevsk. The survey included an estimation of the incidence of congenital malformations (CMF), congenital morphogenetic options (CMGO), evaluation of the frequency of chromosomal mutations of various types and micronuclei in human somatic cells. The incidence of CMF among newborn infants corresponds to that in Russia, but such forms of CMF as congenital hydrocephalus and agenesia and disgenesis of the kidney were more common in the town. The study ascertained that the average number of CMGO per child was on the increase. Cytogenetic findings unambiguously demonstrate that there was a spatial gradient within the town (from the plant to remote districts), higher rates of chromosomal aberrations. Further studies of the effects of dioxins on genetic health are required to assess the actual genetic risk due to its human contact.
Asunto(s)
Industria Química , Aberraciones Cromosómicas , Anomalías Congénitas/epidemiología , Dioxinas/efectos adversos , Contaminantes Ambientales/efectos adversos , Adulto , Citogenética , Femenino , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Humanos , Incidencia , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Pruebas de Micronúcleos , Mutación , Factores de Riesgo , Federación de Rusia/epidemiología , Población UrbanaRESUMEN
A cytogenetic examination carried out in the inhabitants of Seversk (Tomsk oblast) and workers of the Siberian chemical industrial complex (a complex of nuclear-chemical and fuel plants), living in the same town, revealed unusually high level of spontaneous chromosomal variability both in control and industrial groups (total irradiation doses 1.8 to 3.7 and 9.3 to 15.7 Gy, respectively). The frequencies of cells with chromosomal aberrations (estimated per 100 cells) in control and industrial groups were 4.69, 6.04, and 6.64, respectively, and the total number of aberrations constituted 6.93, 8.47 and 12.06, respectively. These frequencies were several times higher compared to the summarized literature data on the control levels. The high average aberration level was caused by the elevated proportion of chromatid-type aberrations and paired fragments. The reasons for this are unclear. The levels of radioactive background and chemical air pollution in the town were not increased.
Asunto(s)
Aberraciones Cromosómicas , Variación Genética , Linfocitos/ultraestructura , Células Cultivadas , Humanos , Efectos de la Radiación , Federación de RusiaRESUMEN
The results of population cytogenetic studies performed by a standard technique in one laboratory during 1987-1992 are summarized. Variations in the rate of spontaneous chromosomal aberrations were found in lymphocyte culture derived from individuals employed in the nonindustrial sphere and in the administrative sector of the chemical industry. The proportion of cells with chromosomal aberrations is 1.56 +/- 0.10% in the first group and 2.78 +/- 0.15% in the second one. The ratio of types of aberration is similar in both groups. No differences were observed in the rate of spontaneous chromosomal aberrations as related to the extent of chemical pollution of place of residence.
Asunto(s)
Aberraciones Cromosómicas , Genética de Población , Linfocitos/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Humanos , Mutágenos/toxicidadRESUMEN
Cytogenetic analysis of lymphocytes was performed in 36 preparatory workers engaged into rubber shoes and general mechanical rubber goods production. Preparatory workers and management staff had the same chromosomal aberrations frequency. Although chromosomal aberrations frequency in employees of the enterprise appeared to be twice as much as that for general population, which proves hazardous factors of rubber production to afflict genofond of employees.
Asunto(s)
Industria Química , Aberraciones Cromosómicas/genética , Linfocitos/citología , Exposición Profesional , Goma , Fumar/efectos adversos , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Metafase , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
In order to reveal possible genetic effects of the Chernobyl accident for human populations, a cytogenetic survey of 33 agricultural workers from 2 areas of the Kaluga Region with different radiation backgrounds (villages of Mladensk and Ogor) was conducted in 1989. At the time of investigation a dose of 137Ce for Mladensk was 3.7 ci/km2, that for Ogor--1.17 ci/km2. Lymphocyte cultivation was performed after the standard semimicromethod for 50 hours; about 155-300 cells were analyzed for chromosome aberrations of each individual, the total number of metaphase plates in 2 groups being 9360. One-factor dispersion analysis has shown that the rate of exchanges of a chromosome type, specific for radiation, was higher in the workers of the village of Mladensk than in the workers of Ogor (p less than 0.05). Thus statistically significant differences in the rate of metabolic aberrations of a chromosome type were revealed in the two study groups with different radiation backgrounds. A high sensitivity of cytogenetic analysis for population biological indication of irradiation was shown.
Asunto(s)
Accidentes , Radioisótopos de Cesio , Aberraciones Cromosómicas , Reactores Nucleares , Ceniza Radiactiva , Adolescente , Adulto , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Federación de Rusia , UcraniaRESUMEN
The article contains data on a cytogenetic monitoring of workers engaged in asbestos production, depending on duration of professional service and degrees of dust contamination of the air. The results of the cytogenetic analysis of the peripheral blood lymphocytes in 31 workers revealed the average rate of aberrant cells 1.78% in workers with professional service below 1.5 years, 2.43%--with more than 10 years of service, 2.72%--in the control group (the personnel not engaged in the production). The differences were statistically negligible.
Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Ocupacionales del Aire/efectos adversos , Amianto/efectos adversos , Asbestosis/genética , Aberraciones Cromosómicas/genética , Linfocitos/ultraestructura , Adulto , Asbestosis/sangre , Polvo/efectos adversos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Tiempo , U.R.S.S.RESUMEN
The comparative in vivo and in vitro study of chromosomal aberrations and SCE induced by cyclophosphamide (CP) in macaca rhesus lymphocytes was performed. The dose of mutagenic exposure for quantitative estimation of effects was determined as a product of concentration of alkylating CP metabolites on the exposure time. The mutagenic effect caused by the same doses of CP (CP metabolites) appeared similar in vivo and in vitro. This suggests that the results obtained in adequate in vitro mutagen-testing experiments may be quantitatively extrapolated for the in vivo conditions.
Asunto(s)
Aberraciones Cromosómicas/efectos de los fármacos , Ciclofosfamida/toxicidad , Linfocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Mutágenos , Animales , Técnicas In Vitro , Linfocitos/ultraestructura , Macaca mulatta , Masculino , Intercambio de Cromátides Hermanas/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
A significant decrease in the baseline of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) was observed in cultured human lymphocytes, if 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was added after 60 h of culture, and the cells were harvested at least 24-30 h after BrdU exposure. This decrease is supposed to occur if at least one cell division takes place before the addition of BrdU. For cytogenetic monitoring of mutagenic environmental factors, using human lymphocyte cultures, it is assumed that two time periods are sufficient for comparison.
Asunto(s)
Supervivencia Celular , Intercambio Genético , Linfocitos/citología , Intercambio de Cromátides Hermanas , Bromodesoxiuridina , Células Cultivadas , Femenino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
The spontaneous level of sister chromatide exchanges (SCE) registered in human lymphocytes is shown to depend on the moment of BUdR introduction and the time of fixation. In early periods of BUdR introduction and fixation the general spontaneous level of SCE may be observed and in later periods only that part of SCE may be registered which is caused by internal conditions. The difference between the first and second results makes the part of SCE conditioned by the environmental effects.
Asunto(s)
Intercambio Genético , Intercambio de Cromátides Hermanas , Adulto , Bromodesoxiuridina/farmacología , División Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Intercambio Genético/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Activación de Linfocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Linfocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Linfocitos/ultraestructura , Fitohemaglutininas/farmacología , Intercambio de Cromátides Hermanas/efectos de los fármacos , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The number of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in a culture of human lymphocytes and the established cultures of Chinese hamster cells has been studied after the exposure to thiophosphamide and dipin at different stages of the cell cycle. The most pronounced effect is observed under the action of the mutagens at the G1 of the first cycle, prior to harvest. The SCE level becomes lower with the increase of the interval between the exposure to the mutagen and the time of 5-BUdR introduction. The number of SCEs per cell drops to the control level when the duration of the first interval is equal to that of the cell cycle. The results obtained prove the mutagen-induced impairments causing SCE formation to be repaired practically 100%, provided that at least one cycle of DNA replication took place.