[HYGIENIC EVALUATION OF STUDIES OF PRESCHOOLERS WITH THE USE OF PC TABLETS].

In the article there are presented the results ofphysiological and hygienic evaluation of studies in kindergarten with the use of educational games on an electronic PC tablet. The study involved 44 foster-children. In one of the groups children in the classroom used the interactive game software on electronic PC tablets "Samsung", the same time while working with the PC tablet did not exceed 10 minutes, in the other--the classes were held traditionally. There were investigated the state of health, psychosomatic and psycho-emotional state of children, determined their functional readiness for systematic training in school, mental performance, the functional state of the central nervous system (CNS) by simple visual-motor reaction (SVMR) and reactions to a moving object (RDO). Developing ofgame sessions with the use of electronic PC tablets for 10 minutes were established to contribute to the activation of the central nervous system and increase in children resistance to the development of fatigue.

[Morbidity rate and mental capacity of Moscow schoolchildren (longitudinal study)].

In the article there are presented data of longitudinal study of the health of Moscow schoolchildren (426 children), followed throughout from the 1st to 9th class, inclusively. Students were annually clinically examined in the school. There was performed a comprehensive study of mental health and functional state of the organism in the process of education students in high school (over 2700 pupils of 5-9th classes). The health status of students was shown to deteriorate due to the increase of the prevalence of chronic disease, the rise in occupancy of the III-IV health groups, the decrease of the number of children referred to I and II health groups. Unfavorable trends in the health state among boys are more pronounced than in girls, while they are also characterized by lower functional capabilities of the CNS and lower resistance to the development of training fatigue. Relatively favorable stage of school ontogeny is characterized by period with reduced morbidity in children studying in 4th-6th classes. Deterioration in the health of students as a significant rate of the rise of chronic diseases morbidity is observed in 7-9th classes. Along with this, in the 7th and 9th classes there is revealed the deterioration of mental capacity and high frequency of the pronounced signs of fatigue among schoolchildren.

[Health-preserving capacities of pedagogical technologies].

The hygienic evaluation of pedagogical technology for teaching under the active sensory-developing environment and the Intellect technology showed that their implementation caused a reduction in the fatiguing effect of an educational load, by optimizing the organization of a teaching process and enhancing the functional capacities of pupils.

[Hygienic assessment of innovation procedures for lesson scheduling at school].

Hygienic assessment has established that education, by using innovation procedures for school lesson scheduling, diminishes the weariness of a schooling load and optimizes the pupils' psychosomatic status and school routine.

[Current problems of school education and ways of its hygienic optimization].

The aim of the study was to analyse effects of various innovative forms of school education on the health status and functional abilities of children and adolescents. Enhanced academic loads are shown to be the most unfavourable factor of the school environment. The main consequences of excess teaching load are shortened motor and outdoor activities of the children, smaller duration of night sleep. Optimization of academic routine (alternation of studies and holidays), modular structure of school calendar might help to reduce fatigue during school hours. Hygienic estimates of different variants of specialized education are obtained. Scientifically sound hygienic requirements are proposed to be applied to the organization of academic activities in a new type of educational institutions, full-day schools.

[Hygienic requirements for work organization of full-day schools].

Physiological and hygienic studies under the conditions of a natural hygienic experiment were conducted to examine different variants of the organization of work of new types of general educational establishments--full-day schools. Over 580 pupils from 5 full-day schools were followed up. Organization of teaching children at full-day schools was found to mainly correspond to the age-related capabilities of pupils from primary and secondary classes. Of vital importance for maintenance of mental performance, good emotional and psychosomatic states are the organization of the intraschool environment, including a school plot, as well as the conditions for realization of additional education, motor activity of children, and recess. Health keeping in pupils from full-day schools is favored by the reduction in the duration of lessons to 35 minutes and day sleep for first-form children, the decrease in the number of pupils in a class, outdoor physical exercises in the middle of a school day (a primary school) and strolls after lessons, three meals a day, balanced additional education, medicopsychological accompaniment, optimization of studies and rest in children during a school year.

[Hygiene of contemporary preschool education]. / Gigienicheskie problemy sovremennogo doshkol'nogo vospitaniia.

The case study deals with the health status of children at preschool educational facilities as observed in the 80-ies of the last century and early in the new century; besides, an elaboration of hygienic regulations applicable to the training-and-education effects produced on organisms of contemporary trainees of such facilities for as long as 3 to 7 years with due respect to the education modernization campaign (now underway in the country) is in the focus of attention.

[Hygienic advantages of teaching girls of same sex schools]. / Gigienicheskie preimushchestva obucheniia devochek v odnorodnykh po polu klassnykh kollektivakh.

The paper comparatively analyzes the impact of teaching on the health and functional parameters of girls in the same sex classes. The hygienic and educational advantages of girls' separate schooling at primary and secondary stages are substantiated. The right to separate schooling of girls is recognized as one of its variations, which realizes a gender line in pedagogy and lowers the unfavourable impact of schooling on girls' health.

[Substantiation of optimal education-training load for preschool children 3-4 years of age]. / Obosnovanie optimal'noi uchebno-vospitatel'noi nagruzki dlia doshkol'nikov 3-4 let.

The study was undertaken to make a sanitary regulation of educational and training load in junior and middle group preschool children of general children's educational institutions (CEIs). Experts' assessment was chosen to study the impact of regular educational and training load on the child's functional status. The experts were tutors and methodologists of CEIs (n = 186). The study has revealed the optimum number of lessons a day and a week, their duration and ratio in the weekly curriculum of lessons that are different in nature and showed it necessary to determine a vacation in the middle of a school year and to reduce the number of children in a group.

[Health problems of school education reform]. / Gigienicheskie problemy reformirovaniia shkol'nogo obrazovaniia.

The paper deals with impact of educational load in pupils at present general educational establishments on their health. The great total educational load in them was found to violate the schoolchildren's routine. This more frequently forms inadequate physiological responses, develops neurotic disorders. The incidence of chronic diseases is higher in children going to new-type schools. The findings provide evidence for some medical and organizational measures to promote schoolchildren's health.