TRPM8, ASIC1, and ASIC3 localization and expression in the human oropharynx.

BACKGROUND: Oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) is a prevalent disease with poor prognosis among older people and has no pharmacological treatment. Polymodal sensory receptors like the TRP or ASIC family receptors are potential targets to treat OD. TRPM8 agonists and acidic solutions can improve the swallow response in patients with OD, but little is known about the expression of TRPM8, ASIC1, and ASIC3 in the human oropharynx. The aim of this study was to assess the expression and localization of TRPM8, ASIC1, and ASIC3 in human samples of the oropharynx to lay the basis for new pharmacological treatments for OD. METHODS: Pathology-free samples from oropharyngeal regions innervated by cranial nerves V, IX, and X were obtained during major ENT surgery and processed to obtain mRNA (20 patients) or to be used in immunohistochemical assays (12 patients). TRPM8, ASIC1, and ASIC3 expression and localization were studied with RT-qPCR and fluorescent immunohistochemistry. KEY RESULTS: ASIC3 was expressed in the 3 regions studied with similar levels and was localized on sensory fibers innervating the mucosa below the basal lamina of all studied regions. TRPM8 was also co-localized on the sensory fibers innervating the mucosa below the basal lamina of all studied regions. In contrast, ASIC1 was only found in the nerves innervating the tongue muscular fibers. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES: TRPM8 and ASIC3 are found on submucosal sensory nerves in the human oropharynx. Our study lays the basis to use oropharyngeal TRPM8 and ASIC3 receptors as therapeutic targets to develop new active pharmacological treatments for OD patients.

DNA repair pathways to regulate response to chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer.

Platinum-based chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is a preferred standard of care for locally advanced head and neck cancer (HNC). However, survival benefit is small, with substantial toxicity and biomarkers of CRT resistance that could guide treatment selection and spare morbidity. Increased DNA repair in solid tumors may contribute to cancer cells' ability to survive in genotoxic stress environments afforded by therapy. We assessed mRNA expression levels of DNA repair-related genes BRCA1, RAP80, 53 binding protein 1 (53BP1), mediator of DNA damage checkpoint 1 (MDC1), and RNF8. We correlated our findings with response and overall survival in 72 head and neck patients treated with weekly carboplatin AUC 2 and radiotherapy. Complete response (CR) to CRT was 50 % in patients with low levels of 53BP1 compared to 6.3 % in patients with high levels (p = 0.0059). Of high BRCA1 mRNA expressors, 41.2 % had CR compared to 29.4 % of low expressors (p = 0.72). For a small group of patients with low 53BP1 and either high BRCA1 or RAP80, CRs were 66.7 and 71.4 %, respectively. A trend for better overall survival (OS) was found for patients with low 53BP1 (15 vs 8 m; p = 0.056). Our findings highlight the potential usefulness of 53BP1 mRNA as a predictive biomarker of response and overall survival in HNC patients treated with chemoradiotherapy. Those with high 53BP1 expression could derive only a meager benefit from treatment. Analysis of BRCA1 and RAP80 could further reinforce the predictive value of 53BP1. Although this was a retrospective study with small sample size, it could inform larger translational studies in HNC.

[Morphological changes in adenotonsillar tissue as early manifestation of asymptomatic HIV patient]. / Cambios morfológicos en el tejido adenoamigdalar como manifestación inicial de HIV en pacientes asintomáticos.

The HIV virus induces in the host several changes in your immunological system, which heads to the AIDS. We report two cases diagnosed by pathological studies after adenotonsilectomy for adenotonsilar hypertrophy. The diagnosis of HIV patients is suspected by epidemiologic (risk groups) or clinical features (opportunist diseases). But, it exists a early diagnosis, the histological findings in the extranodal lymphoid tissues, unusual on the literature. These phenomenons re-enforce the contamination way by means of the superior aerodigestive tract mucosis.

Determination by capillary electrophoresis of total and available niacin in different development stage of raw and processed legumes: comparison with high-performance liquid chromatography.

The available and total niacin evolution during maturation of yellow pea lupine (Lupinus luteus L., cv. Juno), pea (Pisum sativum L., cv. Ergo), faba bean (Vicia faba sp. minor Harz, cv. Tibo) and in germinated and high-pressure heated peas (Pisum sativum L., cv. Esla) have been determined by capillary electrophoresis (CE). The results have been compared with those obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The values obtained by CE were similar to those obtained by HPLC. Maturation of seeds significantly reduced the available and total niacin content in legumes. The available/total niacin ratio during seed maturation depends on the type of legume. In faba beans and peas, a reduction was observed which was more pronounced in the case of peas. For lupine seeds, the ripening produced an increase (34%) in the available/total niacin ratio 50 days after flowering (DAF). Pea germination produced an overall increase in available and total niacin content although the available/total niacin ratio decreased. High pressure heating of pea yielded an increase in the available niacin content and available/total niacin ratio but the total niacin content did not change.

Cambios morfológicos en el tejido adenoamigdalar como manifestación inicial de HIV en pacientes asintomáticos / Morphological changes in adenotonsillar tissue as early manifestation of asymptomatic HIV patients

La infección por el virus HIV produce en el huésped una serie de alteraciones en su sistema inmunitario que llevan a una inmunosupresión con el subsiguiente desarrollo del síndrome SIDA. Presentamos dos casos clínicos diagnosticados en nuestro Servicio de forma casual gracias al estudio anatomopatológico de biopsias de tejidos linfoides extranodales extraídos por varias causas. El diagnóstico del paciente HIV se realiza a partir de una sospecha epidemiológica (grupos de riesgo) o clínica (enfermedades oportunistas). Sin embargo, existe un diagnóstico precoz de estos enfermos, el estudio patológico del tejido linfoideo extranodal, inusual en la literatura revisada. Estos hallazgos apoyan la posibilidad de contagio del virus HIV vía mucosas del tracto aerodigestivo superior (AU)

The HIV virus induces in the host several changes in your immunological system, which heads to the AIDS. We report two cases diagnosed by pathological studies after adenotonsilectomy for adenotonsilar hypertrophy. The diagnosis of HIV patients is suspected by epidemiologic (risk groups) or clinical features (opportunist diseases). But, it exists a early diagnosis, the histological findings in the extranodal lymphoid tissues, unusual on the literature. These phenomenons re-enforce the contamination way by means of the superior aerodigestive tract mucosis (AU)

Consentimiento informado / Informed consent

No disponible

[Nasal leishmaniasis in an HIV-positive patient]. / Leishmaniasis nasal en paciente HIV+

Leishmania is currently one of the most clinically important protozoa in otorhinolaryngology. Mediterranean countries, including Spain, have endemic HIV and L. infantum. Dogs are the most important Leishmania reservoir. Leishmaniasis is transmitted basically by the bite of infected female Phlebotomus sandflies. Its clinical development depends mainly on the host's cellular immunity (TCD4+ lymphocyte count). About 400 cases of HIV-visceral leishmaniasis have been reported in Spain. However, exclusively cutaneous presentation of HIV-leishmaniasis coinfection has been observed in only 2-3% of cases. We report the case of a female HIV+ patient who developed cutaneous leishmaniasis of the nasal vestibule by L. infantum. The patient was treated satisfactorily with a combination of parenteral Pentostam (sodium stilbogluconate) and periodic intralesional injections of Pentostam. The patient was included in a secondary prophylaxis protocol for visceral leishmaniasis with a monthly dose of Glucantime (meglumine antimoniate) for life.

Leishmaniasis nasal en paciente HIV+ / Nasal Leishmaniasis in an HIV- positive patient

Actualmente, la Leishmania es uno de los protozoos de mayor relevancia clínica en el área ORL. Los países del litoral mediterráneo, entre ellos España, son endémicos para el HIV y la L. infantum, siendo el perro doméstico el reservorio más importante para esta última. La leishmaniasis se transmite, básicamente, a través de la picadura del mosquito flebótomo hembra infectado y su desarrollo clínico depende principalmente del estado de inmunidad celular del huésped (recuento de lin citos TCD4+). Hasta el momento actual, se han descrito alrededor de 400 casos de coinfección HIV-leishmaniasis visceral en España, mientras que la afectación cutánea exclusiva en esta coinfección HIVleishmaniasis sólo se da en el 2-3 por ciento de casos. Presentamos el caso clínico de una paciente HIV+ que desarrolló una leishmaniasis cutánea de vestíbulo nasal por L. infantum y que fue tratada satisfactoriamente mediante la combinación de Pentostam (estilbogluconato sódico) parenteral junto a inyecciones intralesionales periódicas de Pentostam. Esta paciente fue incluida en un protocolo de profilaxis secundaria de leishmaniasis visceral con Glucantime (antimoniato de meglumina) a dosis mensuales, de por vida (AU)

Leishmania is currently one of the most clinically important protozoa in otorhinolaryngology. Mediterranean countries, including Spain, have endemic HIV and L. infantum. Dogs are the most important Leishmania reservoir. Leishmaniasis is transmitted basically by the bite of infected female Phlebotomus sandflies. Its clinical development depends mainly on the host's cellular immunity (TCD4+ lymphocyte count). About 400 cases of HIV-visceral leishmaniasis have been reported in Spain. However, exclusively cutaneous presentation of HIV-leishmaniasis coinfection has been observed in only 2-3% of cases. We report the case of a female HIV+ patient who developed cutaneous leishmaniasis of the nasal vestibule by L. infantum. The patient was treated satisfactorily with a combination of parenteral Pentostam (sodium stilbogluconate) and periodic intralesional injections of Pentostam. The patient was included in a secondary prophylaxis protocol for visceral leishmaniasis with a monthly dose of Glucantime (meglumine antimoniate) for life (AU)

[Stapedectomy versus stapedotomy. Our experience]. / Estapedectomía versus estapedotomía. Nuestra experiencia.

Otosclerosis surgery has seen three well-differentiated stages of development: a) SHC fenestration; b) stapes mobilization, and c) platinectomy, a procedure introduced in 1960 by Shea. Since then, only one variation has been proposed: platinotomy. After a comparative study of platinectomy versus platinotomy, we, like other authors, concluded that platinotomy was a better technique because of the ease of execution and good functional results.

[Recurrent peripheral facial paralysis. Our case load from 1995]. / Parálisis facial periférica recidivante. Nuestra casuística del año 1995.

Of 117 cases of peripheral facial palsy seen in our emergency room in 1995, 10 (8.5%) were relapses. Seven were males and 3, females. Mean age at the first appearance was 23.6 years. The mean interval between the first facial palsy and the first recurrence was 10.1 years, and between the first and second recurrence, 4.6 years. Five of the 10 patients (50%) had a second recurrence. Two of the 10 patients (20%) had a family history of facial palsy. Only 1 (10%) was diabetic. Seven of 10 patients achieved a complete functional recovery and 3 had sequelae. Computed tomography was normal in every patient. In our series, a family history of facial palsy and low ENoG results were related with a poorer prognosis. ENoG scan was used as a prognostic and follow-up factor.

[Comparative study of 2 antibiotic prophylactic protocols in oncologic surgery of the pharynx and larynx]. / Estudio comparativo de dos protocolos de profilaxis antibiótica en cirugía oncológica de faringe y laringe.

The use of antibiotic prophylaxis in oncological pharyngeal and laryngeal surgery has reduced the risk of postoperative wound infection, which decreases morbidity and health-care costs. We report the results of a prospective randomized study in our hospital comparing the effectiveness of two antibiotic protocols, amoxicillin-clavulanate and clindamycin plus gentamicin, both given for 24 hours, in patients who underwent clean-contaminated oncological surgery of the pharynx or larynx.

Evolution and kinetics of monosaccharides, disaccharides and alpha-galactosides during germination of lentils.

The effect of light and seed rinsing during the germination of lentil seeds (Lens culinaris var. vulgaris, cultivar Magda-20) on the level of monosaccharides, disaccharides and alpha-galactosides (raffinose, ciceritol and stachyose) was investigated. The total soluble sugar content corresponded to about 9% of the mature seed weight, about 65% of which was alpha-galactosides. Germination brought about a large decrease in alpha-galactosides: 18% to 40% losses after 3 days and 100% after 6 days. However, glucose, which was not detected in ungerminated seeds, as well as fructose and sucrose gradually increased during germination. The content of alpha-galactosides decreased more rapidly when germinating seeds were given 6 h light per day, but under these conditions there was also a major reduction in the levels of fructose, glucose and sucrose. Seeds rinsed daily showed a greater reduction of alpha-galactosides and an increase in the levels of fructose, glucose and sucrose. When seeds were germinated for 10 days in the dark with daily rinsing, the content of alpha-galactosides decreased gradually during the first 4 days and they were not detected after 6 days. Under these conditions, fructose, glucose and sucrose, which represented about 3% of the mature seed weight, started increasing after day 2 and represented more than 13% of the germinated seed dry weight after 10 days.