[THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SYSTEMIC AND LOCAL IMMUNE REACTIONS UNDER HABITUAL NON-CARRYING OF PREGNANCY].

The study was carried out to evaluate clinical informativeness ofstudies of immunological parameters of structural and functional elements of endometrium in complex with profile of embritropic autoimmune antibodies under non-carrying of pregnancy The sampling consisted of 19 women of reproductive age with episodes of non-carrying in first semester. They were examined for inherited thrombophilia and profiles of immune reactivity of natural regulatory auto-antibodies (ELI-P-Complex). The biopsy material of endometrium was subjected to histological and immune histochemical (CD16, CD56, CD68, CB138, estrogen and progesterone receptors) analyses. In women with non-carrying of pregnancy polyclonal immunosuppression, increased level of embriotoxic auto antibodies to Fc- fragment of immunoglobulin, insulin and thyroglobulin are detected. The immune histochemical analysis established expressed decreasing of amount of progesterone receptors of stromal elements of endometrium after spontaneous abortion. The activation of killer activity of decidual lymphocytes under habitual non-carrying of pregnancy was detected too. The positive dependency was established between: expression of progesterone receptors in glandular cells of endometrium and level of anti-spermatic antibodies in blood serum; expression of progesterone receptors in stroma and level of antibodies to human chorial gonadotropin; expression of receptors of estrogens in stroma and level of antibodies to Fc-fragment of immmunoglobulines. The study data permits affirming that evaluation of level of regulatory auto-antibodies is informative at examination of woman after episode of non-carrying of pregnancy. The production of antibodies has direct relationship with pathological processes in endometrium and it can be one of criteria of completeness of pre-conceptional preparation.

[The total large-scale synthesis of argiopine].

The total large-scale synthesis of a natural toxin argiopine, a polymethylenepolyamine derivative, was developed. It. consisted of 26 stages and included three key block schemes. Most of the stages proceeded quantitatively, which excluded the necessity of using the chromatographic separation of intermediates.

[The role of interleukin-5 in manifestation of bronchial hyperreactivity (an experimental study)].

Mechanography was used to study contractile reaction of airway smooth muscles in experimental bronchial asthma in intact guinea-pigs and those incubated with IL-5. Development of experimental bronchial asthma (BA) in the animals leads to enhancement of contractile reactions of bronchial smooth muscles in response to histamine action. The exposure to IL-5 of the preparations of bronchial smooth muscles increases histamine-mediated bronchial contractility. This may explain the phenomenon of IL-5-mediated bronchial hyperreactivity in the absence of eosinophilic damage to the tissues. Expression of mRNA of IL-5 receptor alpha-chain suggests that development of IL-5-mediated hypersensitivity of bronchial smooth muscles occurs due to the presence of a relevant IL-5 receptor on their surface.

[Contractile responses of the airways smooth muscles in experimental bronchial asthma; the role of interleukin 5 in formation of hyper-responsiveness of bronchial tubes]. / Sokratitel'nye reaktsii gladkikh myshts vozdukhonosnykh putei pri éksperimental'noi astme: rol' interleikina-5 v formirovanii giperreaktivnosti bronkhov.

By mehanographic method, contraktile responses of the airways smooth muscles in experimental bronchial asthma in porpoises intact and incubated with interleykin-5, were studied. Sensitization of ovalbumin animals results in development of hypersensitivity to inhalation of the fiber with external attributes of infringement of bronchial passableness such as cough and a shortness of breath. Morphologically the process is accompanied by destruction of epithelium of the bronchial tubes, development of an immune inflammation in a bronchial wall, and a hypertrophy of the muscular layer. In the sensitized animals, development of hyper-responsiveness of the airways smooth muscles to histamine was obvious as shown in a significant decrease of the threshold concentration and an increase in the maximal amplitude of reduction. Interleukin-5 was shown to strengthen this process. Responses to holinergic and R2-adrenerdic influences practically did not change. The data obtained corroborate the hypothesis of development of the interleukin-5-depending bronchial hyper-responsiveness in absence of eosinophile damage in the mucous membrane of the bronchial tubes.

[Selectin receptors. 5. Monoclonal antibodies to the synthetic antigens SiaLe(a) and SiaLe(x)]. / Retseptory selektinov. 5. Monoklonal'nye antitela k sinteticheskim antigenam SiaLea i SiaLex.

Five IgM class monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to the SiaLea tetrasaccharide, which is known as a serologic tumor marker CA 19.9, and three MAbs (one of IgG3 and two of IgM class) to the SiaLex tetrasaccharide (differentiation antigen CD15s) were obtained against totally synthetic immunogens. The epitope specificity of the antibodies was determined using a wide range of oligosaccharides and their polyacrylamide conjugates. MAb 4E10 against SiaLea and MAb 4G5 to SiaLex were highly specific to the antigen predefined by immunization: they did not cross-react either with structurally and conformationally related oligosaccharides or with their disaccharide fragments. Two MAbs to SiaLea (D7 and E5B1) showed a weak binding to SiaLex. MAb CC1 recognized SiaLea and SiaLex almost equally, and MAb 5H9 to SiaLea cross-reacted with the non-sialylated form, the Lea trisaccharide. Two MAbs against SiaLex A3 and B11 bound to all carbohydrate structures containing the core disaccharide Gal beta 1-3(4)GlcNAc.

[Selectin receptors. 1. Synthesis of SiaLe(a) and SiaLe(x) tetrasaccharides and their polymeric conjugates]. / Retseptory selektinov. 1. Sintez tetrasakharidov SiaLe(a) i SiaLe(x) i ikh polimernykh kon''iugatov.

Spacer-armed tetrasaccharide Neu5Ac alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-3(Fuc alpha 1- 4)GlcNAc-sp (SiaLe(a), sp = OCH2CH2CH2NH2) was synthesized from 6-BnGlcNAc-sp with 6-BnAc3GalSEt, Bn3FucSEt, and Ac4Neu5AcSEt methyl ester as glycosyl donors. The final glycosylation of the trisaccharide bearing unprotected 2-, 3-, and 4-hydroxyls of galactose moiety was promoted with NIS-TfOH in MeCN, yield of alpha-sialoside being 48% (29% as the NGlcNAc-SEt derivative). A mixture of beta-connected (2-3) and (2-4) lactones was obtained as a side product (30%). Tetrasaccharide Neu5Ac alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4(Fuc alpha 1-3)GlcNAc-sp (SiaLe(x)) was synthesized by a similar way starting from 6-Bn-3-MeOBnGlcNAc-sp; yield of alpha-sialylation was 74%, neither N-SEt nor beta-connected lactones were isolated. Condensation of the spacered tetrasaccharides with poly(4-nitrophenylacrylate) gave N-substituted polyacrylamide-type polymers. Biotinylated probes and polymers modified with phosphatidylethanolamine (strong immunogens) were also obtained. The unsubstituted and labelled polymeric derivatives were used for studying selectins and other lectins, as well as production and epitope characterization of monoclonal antibodies against sialooligosaccharides.