Association between ACE and ACTN3 genetic polymorphisms and the effects of different physical training models on physically active women aged 50 to 75.

The aim of this study was to analyze the association between ACE (DD + ID versus II) and ACTN3 (TT + TC versus CC) polymorphisms in the response of multicomponent physical training programs and combined in the health parameters of physically active women aged 50 to 75 years. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: multi-component training and combined training. Intervention lasted 14 weeks, 180 minutes a week. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples and genotyping analyzes were performed by conventional and real-time PCR. Associations were observed between polymorphisms in anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, physical capacity and quality of life in both models physical training, with improvement in group II - (ACE- multicomponent training in terms of abdominal circumference and sit-to - Combined training in terms of waist circumference) and TT + TC group (ACTN3 - multicomponent training in tests of muscle strength and mental quality of life domain, and combined training in body mass index, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, upper limb strength and cardiorespiratory capacity). Fourteen weeks of multicomponent and combined physical training in physically active women aged 50 to 75 years resulted in greater health benefits for genotypes II (ACE) and TT + TC (ACTN3).

Nature and Prevalence of Bacterial Taxa Persisting after Root Canal Chemomechanical Preparation in Permanent Teeth: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Culture-independent molecular studies have shown a broad spectrum of bacterial taxa that persist after chemomechanical procedures (CMP). Therefore, this study systematically reviewed these reports to explore the prevalence of bacteria in post-instrumentation samples of root canals from permanent teeth, especially of as-yet-uncultivated/difficult-to-culture bacteria. METHODS: Electronic databases were searched from 2007 to January 2021. Clinical studies using culture-independent molecular methods to identify species-level taxa before and after CMP were included. Studies were critically appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute Prevalence Critical Appraisal Checklist and the funnel plot analysis. The meta-analysis was performed on the prevalence of as-yet-uncultivated/difficult-to-culture bacterial taxa using RStudio. RESULTS: A total of 3781 titles were screened, but only 20 studies were included. The most frequent species in post-instrumentation samples were Streptococcus spp., Leptotrichia buccalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Capnocytophaga ochracea. The detection frequency of some species increased after CMP, including mainly Firmicutes members such as streptococci, Enterococcus faecium, Selenomonas noxia, and Solobacterium moorei. The prevalence (confidence interval) of difficult-to-culture species was as follows: Dialister invisus, 17% (7%-29%); Solobacterium moorei, 14% (8%-23%); Bacteroidaceae [G-1] bacterium HMT 272, 13% (5%-23%); and Filifactor alocis, 11% (3%-23%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of as-yet-uncultivated/difficult-to-culture bacterial taxa in post-instrumentation samples was low. The persistent species belonged mainly to the phylum Firmicutes, and streptococci were the major members. Future larger clinical studies on the composition of the whole bacterial community that persist after CMP are still necessary for a better understanding of bacterial interactions and their clinical significance in the treatment outcome.

Effects of Combined Versus Multicomponent Training in Physically Active Women Aged 50-75 Years.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effects of combined training (CT) and multicomponent training (MT) on different health parameters in physically active women aged between 50 and 75 years. Method: The participants were randomly divided into two training groups (CT and MT), lasting 180 min per week, for 14 consecutive weeks of training with the level of physical activity, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, strength, cardiorespiratory skills, coordination, flexibility, agility, and quality of life. Results: Participants who underwent CT and MT training showed positive responses regarding the assessment of body mass, waist circumference, lower limb resistance and strength, upper limb strength, and mental domain related to the quality of life. However, only participants undergoing CT were able to increase agility and cardiorespiratory capacities. Conclusion: 14 weeks of CT were more efficient to improve physical capacities in physically active women aged between 50 and 75 years when compared to MT.

Effects of the Latex of Synadenium grantii Hook F. (Euphorbiaceae) on a Preclinical Model of Canine Prostate Cancer.

Prostatic cancer (PC) stands out in terms of its occurrence, pathophysiology, and unfavorable prognostics in humans and dogs. Natural drugs bear an integrative potential for conventional antineoplastic treatments. In this context, the bioproducts of Synadenium grantii have been empirically used in different parts of Brazil for the integrative treatment of prostate cancer in humans. However, there is no availability of scientific evidence of the antitumor effects of S. grantii. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the bioactive compounds in the latex of S. grantii using the high-resolution mass spectrophotometry (HRMS) and to evaluate its cytotoxic effects on primary canine PC cell cultures. Four fragments of phorbol ester were identified as potential bioactive compounds using the HRMS. With the help of an MTT ([3-(4,5-dimethyldiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide]) assay, two canine prostatic carcinoma cell lines (PC 1 and PC2) showed a decrease in the tumor cell count, with an Inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50)of 0.8469 and 0.6068 mg/ml, respectively, for PC1 and PC2. In conclusion, the latex of S. grantii contains phorbol esters in its composition, and its aqueous solution has a cytotoxic effect on canine metastatic PC cells in vitro.

Comparison of rRNA-based reverse transcription PCR and rDNA-based PCR for the detection of streptococci in root canal infections.

OBJECTIVE: The rDNA-based method is unable to distinguish between alive and dead cells. Alternatively, bacterial viability can be assessed by molecular methods based on ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Therefore, this study aimed to detect viable streptococci in root canal samples using rRNA-based reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), compared to an rDNA-based PCR assay. METHODOLOGY: Microbiological root canal samples were obtained from 32 teeth with primary endodontic infections before (S1) and after chemomechanical preparation (S2), and after removal of intracanal medication (S3). RNA and DNA were extracted, and complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized from RNA using RT reaction. cDNA and genomic DNA were subjected to PCR with primers complementary to the 16S rRNA sequences of Streptococcus spp. McNemar's test was used to compare the detection rate of both assays (P<0.05). RESULTS: Streptococci were detected in 28.12% (9/32) and 37.5% (12/32) of S1 samples using rRNA- and rDNA-based PCR assays, respectively. In contrast, they were detected in only 6.25% (2/32) of S2 samples using rRNA-based RT-PCR, compared to 15.62% (5/32) using rDNA-based PCR. Finally, in S3 samples, streptococci were not detected by rRNA, whereas rDNA-based PCR still detected the bacteria in 12.5% (4/32) of the samples. The total number of PCR-positive reactions in the rDNA-based PCR was higher than in the rRNA-based assay (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The rRNA-based RT-PCR showed a lower detection rate of streptococci when compared to the rDNA-based PCR, suggesting that the latter may have detected dead cells of streptococci in root canal samples.

Comparison of rRNA-based reverse transcription PCR and rDNA-based PCR for the detection of streptococci in root canal infections

Abstract Objective The rDNA-based method is unable to distinguish between alive and dead cells. Alternatively, bacterial viability can be assessed by molecular methods based on ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Therefore, this study aimed to detect viable streptococci in root canal samples using rRNA-based reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), compared to an rDNA-based PCR assay. Methodology Microbiological root canal samples were obtained from 32 teeth with primary endodontic infections before (S1) and after chemomechanical preparation (S2), and after removal of intracanal medication (S3). RNA and DNA were extracted, and complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized from RNA using RT reaction. cDNA and genomic DNA were subjected to PCR with primers complementary to the 16S rRNA sequences of Streptococcus spp. McNemar's test was used to compare the detection rate of both assays (P<0.05). Results Streptococci were detected in 28.12% (9/32) and 37.5% (12/32) of S1 samples using rRNA- and rDNA-based PCR assays, respectively. In contrast, they were detected in only 6.25% (2/32) of S2 samples using rRNA-based RT-PCR, compared to 15.62% (5/32) using rDNA-based PCR. Finally, in S3 samples, streptococci were not detected by rRNA, whereas rDNA-based PCR still detected the bacteria in 12.5% (4/32) of the samples. The total number of PCR-positive reactions in the rDNA-based PCR was higher than in the rRNA-based assay (P<0.05). Conclusions The rRNA-based RT-PCR showed a lower detection rate of streptococci when compared to the rDNA-based PCR, suggesting that the latter may have detected dead cells of streptococci in root canal samples.

RNA-based Assay Demonstrated Enterococcus faecalis Metabolic Activity after Chemomechanical Procedures.

INTRODUCTION: Because ribosomal RNA (rRNA) indicates metabolic cell activity, this study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of rRNA-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for the identification of active Enterococcus faecalis in root canals samples compared with a method based on ribosomal DNA (rDNA) (rRNA genes). METHODS: Samples were taken from 18 teeth with persistent/secondary intraradicular infection before (S1) and after (S2) chemomechanical preparation. RNA and DNA were extracted, and complementary DNA was synthesized from RNA using RT-PCR. Complementary DNA and genomic DNA were subjected to quantitative polymerase chain reaction with primers complementary for E. faecalis 16S rRNA sequence. RESULTS: E. faecalis was detected in 77.8% and 72.2% of S1 samples using rRNA- and rDNA-based assays, respectively. In contrast, E. faecalis was detected in only 33.3% of S2 samples using rDNA as the template compared with 61.1% using the rRNA-based method. The median concentration of rRNA copies of E. faecalis was significantly higher than rDNA copies, indicating a higher sensitivity for the method targeting rRNA in both S1 (P < .01) and S2 samples (P < .05). After chemomechanical preparation, the number of rRNA and rDNA copies was significantly reduced (P < .05). The high ratio of rRNA to rDNA copies in S2 samples suggested that active E. faecalis persisted in root canals after chemomechanical preparation. CONCLUSIONS: The RT-qPCR assay provides a sensitive method for the identification of active E. faecalis from endodontic samples. Furthermore, the rRNA-based assay indicated that E. faecalis viable cells persisted in treated root canals, suggesting that it may be a useful tool for monitoring microbial load during endodontic treatment.

Estudo in vivo da susceptibilidade de bactérias Gram-positivas após procedimentos químico-cirúrgico e medicação intracanal pelo método de reação de cadeia de polimerase baseado em DNA e RNA / In vivo study of the susceptibility of Gram-positive bacteria after chemosurgical preparation and intracanal medication by RNA and DNA-based polymerase chain reaction

Este estudo identificou a presença e a viabilidade de Streptococcus spp., Propionibacterium acnes e Enterococcus faecalis antes e após os procedimentos endodônticos, utilizando o método de reação de cadeia de polimerase (PCR) baseado em RNA ribossômico (rRNA) e seus respectivos genes (rDNA). Foram coletadas amostras de 20 dentes com infecção primária antes (S1) e após o preparo químico-cirúrgico (S2), e depois do emprego do Ca(OH)2 como medicação intracanal (S3). DNA e RNA foram extraídos da mesma amostra de canal radicular e utilizados como moldes para reação de PCR com iniciadores específicos para a região 16S rRNA das espécies analisadas. Streptococcus espécies foram detectados em 20% e 25% das amostras S1 utilizando os métodos baseados em rRNA e rDNA, respectivamente; enquanto P. acnes foi detectado apenas pela análise de rRNA, estando presente em 10% das amostras S1. Após o preparo químico-cirúrgico, Streptococcus spp. foram detectado em 10% das amostras S2 quando se utilizou rDNA, porém não foi detectado pelo método baseado em rRNA, indicando ausência de células viáveis. Por outro lado, P. acnes foi detectado por ambos os métodos nas amostras S2, com prevalência de 10% e 5% quando se utilizou rRNA e rDNA como molde para PCR, respectivamente. Nas amostras S3, P. acnes foi a única espécie detectada nos ensaios baseados em rRNA, presente em 10% dos casos, enquanto o método baseado em rDNA falhou em detectar essa espécie. Por sua vez, E. faecalis não foi detectado em nenhuma amostra pelos métodos utilizados. Portanto, concluise que a suscetibilidade bacteriana aos procedimentos endodônticos varia entre as espécies Gram-positivas. Enquanto Streptococcus spp. foram suscetíveis, P. acnes persistiu ativo em canais radiculares após o preparo químico-cirúrgico e medicação intracanal. Esses dados sugerem que há necessidade de novas estratégias para a eliminação de espécies resisitentes ao tratamento endodôntico.

This study identified the presence and viability of Streptococcus spp., Enterococcus faecalis and Propionibacterium acnes before and after endodontic procedures, using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and their genes (rDNA ). Samples of 20 teeth with primary infection were collected before (S1) and after chemical-surgical preparation (S2), and after Ca(OH)2 as temporary dressing (S3). DNA and RNA were extracted from the same root canal sample and used as templates for PCR with specific primers for 16S rRNA region of the analyzed species. Streptococcus species were detected in 20% and 25% of the S1 samples using methods based on rRNA and rDNA, respectively; while P. acnes was only detected by analysis of rRNA, present in 10% of the samples S1. After chemicalsurgical preparation, Streptococcus spp. were detected in 10% of S2 samples when using rDNA as template, but they were not detected by the method based on rRNA, indicating the absence of viable cells. Furthermore, P. acnes was detected by both methods in samples S2, with a prevalence of 10% and 5% when using as template rRNA and rDNA for PCR, respectively. In S3 samples, P. acnes was the only species detected in assays based on rRNA, present in 10% of cases, while the rDNA-based method failed to detect this species. E. faecalis was not detected in any sample by the methods used. Therefore, it is concluded that bacterial susceptibility to endodontic procedures may vary among Gram-positive species. While Streptococcus spp. were susceptible, P. acnes persisted active in root canals after chemicalsurgical preparation and dressing. These data suggest the need for new strategies to eliminate resisitant species to endodontic treatment.