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We used finite element analysis to study the mechanical stress distribution of a new intramedullary implant used for proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) arthrodesis (PIPJA) to surgically correct the claw-hammer toe deformity that affects 20% of the population. After geometric reconstruction of the foot skeleton from claw toe images of a 36-year-old male patient, two implants were positioned, in the virtual model, one neutral implant (NI) and another one 10° angled (10°AI) within the PIPJ of the second through fourth HT during the toe-off phase of gait and results were compared to those derived for the non-surgical foot (NSF). A PIPJA was performed on the second toe using a NI reduced tensile stress at the proximal phalanx (PP) (45.83 MPa) compared to the NSF (59.44 MPa; p < 0.001). When using the 10°AI, the tensile stress was much higher at PP and middle phalanges (MP) of the same toe, measuring 147.58 and 160.58 MPa, respectively, versus 59.44 and 74.95 MPa at corresponding joints in the NSF (all p < 0.001). Similar results were found for compressive stresses. The NI reduced compressive stress at the second PP (-65.12 MPa) compared to the NSF (-113.23 MPa) and the 10°AI (-142 MPa) (all p < 0.001). The von Mises stresses within the implant were also significantly lower when using NI versus 10°AI (p < 0.001). Therefore, we do not recommend performing a PIPJA using the 10°AI due to the increase in stress concentration primarily at the second PP and MP, which could promote implant breakage.
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Artrodesis , Análisis de Elementos Finitos , Síndrome del Dedo del Pie en Martillo , Articulación del Dedo del Pie , Humanos , Masculino , Artrodesis/métodos , Adulto , Articulación del Dedo del Pie/cirugía , Articulación del Dedo del Pie/fisiopatología , Síndrome del Dedo del Pie en Martillo/cirugía , Síndrome del Dedo del Pie en Martillo/fisiopatología , Fenómenos BiomecánicosRESUMEN
The present study evaluated the mechanical behavior of five designs of Morse taper (MT) connections with and without the application of loads. For this, the detorque of the fixing screw and the traction force required to disconnect the abutment from the implant were assessed. A total of 100 sets of implants/abutments (IAs) with MT-type connections were used, comprising five groups (n = 20/group): (1) Group Imp 11.5: IA sets with a cone angulation of 11.5°; (2) Group SIN 11.5: with a cone angulation of 11.5°; (3) Group SIN 16: with a cone angulation of 16°; (4) Group Neo 16: with a cone angulation of 16°; and (5) Group Str 15: with a cone angulation of 15°. All sets received the torque recommended by the manufacturer. After applying the torque, the counter torque of the fixing screws was measured in ten IA sets of each group without the application of cyclic loads (frequencies ≤ 2 Hz, 360,000 cycles, and force at 150 Ncm). The other ten sets of each group were subjected to cyclic loads, after which the detorque was measured. Afterwards, the force for disconnection between the implant and the abutment was measured by traction on all the samples. The untwisting of the abutment fixation screws showed a decrease in relation to the initial torque applied in all groups. In the unloaded samples, it was found to be -25.7% in Group 1, -30.4% in Group 2, -36.8% in Group 3, -29.6% in Group 4, and -25.7% in Group 5. After the applied loads, it was found to be -44% in Group 1, -43.5% in Group 2, -48.5% in Group 3, -47.2% in Group 4, and -49.8% in Group 5. The values for the IA sets were zero for SIN 16 (Group 3) and Neo16 (Group 4), both without and with loads. In the other three groups, without loads, the disconnection value was 56.3 ± 2.21 N (Group 1), 30.7 ± 2.00 N (Group 2), and 26.0 ± 2.52 N (Group 5). After applying loads, the values were 63.5 ± 3.06 N for Group 1, 34.2 ± 2.45 N in Group 2, and 23.1 ± 1.29 N in Group 5. It was concluded that in terms of the mechanical behavior of the five designs of MT IA sets, with and without the application of loads, the Imp 11.5, SIN 11.5, and Srt 15 groups showed better results compared to the SIN 16 and Neo 16 groups, showing that lower values of cone angulation increase the friction between the parts (IA), thus avoiding the need to maintain the torque of the fixing screw to maintain the union of the sets.
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Background: The goal of this in vitro study was to compare three different surfaces: two types of implant surfaces commercially available ([a] smooth/machined and [b] acid-treated surface) versus (c) anodized surface. Discs were manufactured with commercially pure titanium (CP) grade IV, which were subsequently analyzed by scanning microscopy and fibroblastic and osteoblastic cell cultures. Methods: Ninety-nine discs (5 × 2 mm) were manufactured in titanium grade IV and received different surface treatments: (i) Mach group: machined; (ii) AA group: double acid etch; and (iii) AN group: anodizing treatment. Three discs from each group were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to obtain surface topography images and qualitatively analyzed by EDS. Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts and pre-osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1 lineage) were used to investigate each group's biological response (n = 10/cellular type). The data were compared statistically using the ANOVA one-way test, considered as a statistically significant difference p < 0.05. Results: The AA group had numerous micropores with diameters between 5 and 10 µm, while nanopores between 1 and 5 nm were measured in the AN group. The EDX spectrum showed a high titanium concentration in all the analyzed samples. The contact angle and wetting tension were higher in the AA, whereas similar results were observed for the other groups. A lower result was observed for base width in the AA, which was higher in the other two groups. The AN showed the best values in the fibroblast cells, followed by Mach and AA; whereas, in the culture of the MC3T3 cells, the result was precisely the opposite (AA > Mach > AN). There was similar behavior for cell adhesion for the test groups (Mach and AN), with greater adhesion of Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts compared to MC3T3 cells; in the AA group, there was greater adherence for MC3T3 cells compared to Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts. Conclusions: The findings suggest that different surface characteristics can produce different biological responses, possibly cell-line dependent. These findings have important implications for the design of implantable medical devices, where the surface characteristics can significantly impact its biocompatibility.
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Objectives: Micromotion between a dental implant and abutment can adversely affect clinical performance and compromise successful osseointegration by creating a bacterial harbor, enabling screw loosening, and imparting disruptive lateral forces on the cortical bone. Thus, the aim of the present study was to measure the abutment stability evolution using resonance frequency analysis (RFA) in vivo at four different times (baseline, 3, 4, and 12 months), and compare these data obtained with the RFA measured after mechanical cycling (in vitro) corresponding to the proposed times in numbers of cycles. Methods: To evaluate the abutment stability, RFA was performed in 70 sets of implant/abutment (IA) with a total of 54 patients (31 women, 23 men). These IA sets were divided into three groups, according to the abutment angulation: straight abutment (Abt1 group), 17-degree angled abutment (Abt2 group), and 30-degree angled abutment (Abt3 group). Abutment stability was measured immediately at implant placement and the abutment installation (T1), 3 (T2), 4 (T3), and 12 months (T4) later. For the in vitro analysis, ten sets of each group were submitted to mechanical cycling: T1 = 0 cycles, T2 = 90,000 cycles, T3 = 120,000 cycles, and T4 = 360,000 cycles. All data collected were statistically evaluated using the GraphPad Prism 5.01 software, with the level of significance was α = 0.05. Results: In vivo, the overall data of implant stability quotient (ISQ) values obtained for all groups in each evaluation time were 61.5 ± 3.94 (95% CI: [60-63]) at T1, 62.8 ± 3.73 (95% CI, [61-64]) at T2, 63.4 ± 3.08 (95% CI: [61-64]) at T3, and 65.5 ± 4.33 (95% CI: [63-68]) at T4. Whereas in vitro, the ISQ were 61.5 ± 2.66 (95% CI: [59-63]) at T1, 63.2 ± 3.02 (95% CI, [61-65]) at T2, 63.9 ± 2.55 (95% CI: [62-66]) at T3, and 66.5 ± 2.97 (95% CI: [64-68]) at T4. In both evaluations (in vivo and in vitro), the data showed a significant difference (ANOVA test with p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The RFA to measure the abutment stability used in this study showed that there was a progressive increase in stability among the predetermined times for the measurements, in both analysis (in vivo and in vitro). Furthermore, the values at each time point were similar, with no statistical difference between them.
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To investigate the reliability of panoramic dental images to detect calcified carotid atheroma, electronic databases (PubMed, IEEE/Xplore and Embase) were searched. Outcomes included cerebrovascular disease events, cardiovascular disease events, patient previous diseases, and combined endpoints. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Hence, 15 studies were selected from 507 potential manuscripts. Five studies had a low risk of bias, while the remaining nine studies were found to have a moderate risk. Heterogeneous results were obtained but showed that patients with risk factors, such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and smoking, and with calcified carotid atheroma on panoramic images, have a higher prevalence than healthy patients. The evidence in the literature was found to be equivocal. However, the findings of this systematic review exhibit that panoramic radiographs can be used for dental diagnosis and treatment planning, as well as to detect calcified carotid artery atheroma.
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Antecedentes: En la sociedad actual, la halitosis es motivo de preocupación creciente de los pacientes, los cuales demandan a sus profesionales soluciones terapéuticas para el tratamiento de esta entidad de etiología multifactorial. Los compuestos sulfurados volátiles, originados, fundamentalmente, por las bacterias anaerobias gram negativas e la microbiota oral, son los principales responsables de mal olor oraObjetivo: Realizar una revisión yactualización de la evidencia científica respecto a los principales componentes activos de los enjuagues orales empleados para el tratamiento de la halitosis intraoral Material y método: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos: Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus y Web of Science empleando los términos de búsqueda: Halitosis AND mouthwash OR mouthrinse hasta Julio del 2021.Conclusión: La eficacia de los colutorios para el tratamiento de la halitosis dependerá del tipo de principio activo, o la combinación de ellos, de la formulación, así como, de la realización de un correcto diagnóstico etiológico (AU)
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Humanos , Halitosis/terapia , Antisépticos Bucales/uso terapéutico , Antisépticos Bucales/química , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The use of reduced platform sets (implants and abutments) can help to control crestal bone loss around implants, which is essential for optimizing esthetics and biomechanical behavior. However, the information available on the fracture resistance of implants with a reduced platform is sparse. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to analyze the maximum fracture strength value of implants with different platform designs during quasistatic fatigue, followed by a simulation of different bone levels of cervical insertion. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty sets of dental implants and abutments with different diameters and platform designs were tested. All implants had an internal hexagon connection and conical macrogeometry. Four groups (n=30) were studied: Ø4.0-mm implants with a regular matched platform (rMatch group), Ø4.0-mm implants with a regular switched platform (PSwitch group), Ø5.0-mm implants with a wide matched platform (wMatch group), and Ø5.0-mm implants with a wide switched platform (wSwitch group). Three conditions simulating different levels of bone position around the cervical portion of the implants were proposed: insertion at the implant shoulder level=0 mm (L0), level=3 mm of insertion loss (L3), and level=5 mm of insertion loss (L5). All sets of all groups and proposed insertion level were subjected to a fracture strength test at 30 degrees in relation to the axis of the sets in a universal testing machine. RESULTS: Regardless of the insertion levels tested, the switched platform implants (rSwitch and wSwitch groups) showed similar mean fracture strength values (P>.05), while the implants of matched platforms (rMatch and wMatch groups) showed different fracture strength values for all insertion levels tested (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: The fracture strength values of the switched platform implants were lower at all insertion levels tested. However, for all insertion levels tested, the implants with a switched platform presented less deformation, whereas, in the matched platform implants, there was significant deformation of the implant structure.
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Pérdida de Hueso Alveolar , Enfermedades Óseas Metabólicas , Implantes Dentales , Pilares Dentales , Diseño de Implante Dental-Pilar , Estética Dental , Resistencia Flexional , HumanosRESUMEN
(1) Background: contact between indigenous and European populations has often resulted in changes in oral health attributed to the introduction of sucrose. Most studies are per tooth over considerable periods and with few ethnological references. (2) Aim: dental epidemiology of 96 autochthonous frozen bodies from Yakutia between the early 17th century and the late 19th century; comparisons with historical texts and ethnographic data. (3) Material and methods: we use descriptive statistics and discriminant factorial analyses to identify dominant variables in the dataset and compare periods and subjects, considering all variables. (4) Results: the peculiarities of the population are the rarity of cavities and the relative frequency of dental pathologies leading to death. Assimilation into the Russian Orthodox culture has led to decreased tooth wear and an increase in tooth loss. Dental health evolves only two centuries after the contact. (5) Conclusions: the confrontation with historical data suggests that changes are not related to the growing importance of sucrose but to a combined action: the substitution of dendrophagy by cereal flour; the decrease in immunity linked to the development of chronic infectious diseases; tobacco addiction and the mandibular torus: a risk factor promoting apical cysts.
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The aim of this study was to assess the long-term clinical behavior of straight implants in comparison with intentionally tilted dental implants (ITDI) supporting fixed restorations in partial or total edentulous arches, analyzing implant survival and success rates, complications, and marginal bone loss (MBL) after >5 years of function. An electronic search was conducted in five electronic databases (MEDLINE/Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) supplemented by a manual search. The electronic and manual search identified 1853 articles, of which 8 articles were selected for analysis. Out of a total of 3987 dental implants, 2036 were axial dental implants and 1951 tilted. Similar results were found in implant survival or overall implant success rates. Moreover, no statistically significant differences were found in MBL (p = 0.369; MD 0.116 mm (-0.137; 0.369) 95% CI) The prosthodontic/biological complications reported in the articles were very diverse and irregularly distributed. This systematic review suggests that there is no difference between tilted compared with straight dental implants in the medium-long term (>5 years). However, further research is needed to generate long-term data and confirm the present review's findings.
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BACKGROUND: Halitosis of oral origin is very common in the general population. Due to their antimicrobial properties, chlorhexidine-based products are widely used in the management of this condition, but these are associated with reversible side effects. In this study we evaluated the efficacy of Lacer HaliTM mouthrinse and toothpaste in subjects with intraoral halitosis after several applications under normal conditions of use. METHODS: In this randomized clinical trial with mouth rinse and toothpaste, single-center, double-blinded, parallel participants were assigned to an experimental group (Lacer HaliTM,, n = 20), a positive control group (HalitaTM, n = 20), and a placebo group (n = 20). The active duration of the study was 18 days. The clinical follow-up evaluations were performed at five time points (T0, T1, T2, T3, and T4). The intensity of halitosis was evaluated by organoleptic measurement and the portable gas chromatograph OralChromaTM. The data were analyzed using generalized mixed linear models. RESULTS: Sixty patients completed the study. Lacer HaliTM, in comparison with HalitaTM, did not show statistically significant differences at any time during the study except for the levels of hydrogen sulfide and total volatile sulfur compounds at 15 days, where HalitaTM was better. Compared to the placebo treatment, Lacer HaliTM, was significantly more efficient, in terms of both the organoleptic evaluations at 8 days and the levels of hydrogen sulfide. CONCLUSIONS: Lacer HaliTM is an alternative to chlorhexidine-based toothpaste and mouthwashes in the management of halitosis.
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This systematic review and meta-analysis set out to assess the clinical behavior of mandibular implant-supported fixed complete dental prostheses (ISFCDP) on three dental implants by analyzing implant and prosthetic survival rates, marginal bone loss, biological/technical complications, and patient-reported outcomes. The review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Electronic searches were conducted in the Medline (PubMed), Web of Science, and Cochrane databases, complimented by a manual search in specialist journals for relevant articles published up to February 2021. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale tool was used to assess the quality of evidence in the studies reviewed. The study included 13 articles with 728 patients treated with 2184 implants. A mean implant survival rate of 95.9% (95% CI: 94.6-97.3%) and a prosthetic survival rate of 97.0% (95% CI: 95.7-98.3%) were obtained over 1-6-year follow-up periods. Mandibular implant-supported fixed complete dental prostheses on three dental implants would appear to be a viable option for restoring the edentulous mandible in comparison with mandibular ISFCDP on more than three implants. Further comparative studies are needed, with adequate protocols, as well as sufficient sample sizes and follow-up periods to confirm these findings.
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The objective of our in vivo study was to compare the effects of the osteotomy on the thermal alterations, the bone healing and count of polymorphonuclear cells, comparing the drill design (cylindrical or conical) using continuous or intermittent movement. Twelve rabbits were used, which were made four osteotomies (n = 2 per tibia) to simulate the surgical drilling sequence for the installation of a dental implant at 8 mm of length and regular diameter. Four groups were proposed: group G1, cylindrical drill with continuous movement; group G2, cylindrical drill with intermittent movement; group G3, conical drill with continuous movement; and, group G4, conical drill with intermittent movement. Thermal mean variation was 6.91 ± 1.4 °C in group 1, 4.30 ± 1.3 °C in group 2, 2.78 ± 0.6 °C in group 3, and 2.77 ± 0.7 °C in group 4. Whereas the mean area of new bone formation was 1.00 ± 0.3 mm2 in group 1, 1.48 ± 0.3 mm2 in group 2, 2.20 ± 0.4 mm2 in group 3, and 2.43 ± 0.4 mm2in group 4. The mean count of polymorphonuclear cells, in the group 1 was 62.4 ± 5.9 cells, group 2 was 50.7 ± 4.2 cells, group 3 was 44.4 ± 3.7 cells, and group 4 was 42.4 ± 3.7 cells. The conical drill sequence produced a significantly smaller increase in temperature during both techniques (continuous and intermittent), more effective new bone formation and a smaller number of polymorphonuclear cells. During the osteotomy for the installation of implants, the professional must take to consider the drill design to perform a less traumatic surgical technique, which can improve and facilitate the healing of peri-implant tissues.
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Osteotomía/métodos , Tibia/cirugía , Animales , Femenino , Conejos , Temperatura , Cicatrización de Heridas/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Dental caries is the most prevalent dental disease worldwide, and neural networks and artificial intelligence are increasingly being used in the field of dentistry. This systematic review aims to identify the state of the art of neural networks in caries detection and diagnosis. A search was conducted in PubMed, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Xplore, and ScienceDirect. Data extraction was performed independently by two reviewers. The quality of the selected studies was assessed using the Cochrane Handbook tool. Thirteen studies were included. Most of the included studies employed periapical, near-infrared light transillumination, and bitewing radiography. The image databases ranged from 87 to 3000 images, with a mean of 669 images. Seven of the included studies labeled the dental caries in each image by experienced dentists. Not all of the studies detailed how caries was defined, and not all detailed the type of carious lesion detected. Each study included in this review used a different neural network and different outcome metrics. All this variability complicates the conclusions that can be made about the reliability or not of a neural network to detect and diagnose caries. A comparison between neural network and dentist results is also necessary.
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Bone plays an important role in dental implant treatment success. The goal of this literature review is to analyze the influence of bone definition and finite element parameters on stress in dental implants and bone in numerical studies. A search was conducted of Pubmed, Science Direct and LILACS, and two independent reviewers performed the data extraction. The quality of the selected studies was assessed using the Cochrane Handbook tool for clinical trials. Seventeen studies were included. Titanium was the most commonly-used material in dental implants. The magnitude of the applied loads varied from 15 to 300 N with a mean of 182 N. Complete osseointegration was the most common boundary condition. Evidence from this review suggests that bone is commonly defined as an isotropic material, despite being an anisotropic tissue, and that it is analyzed as a ductile material, instead of as a fragile material. In addition, and in view of the data analyzed in this review, it can be concluded that there is no standardization for conducting finite element studies in the field of dentistry. Convergence criteria are only detailed in two of the studies included in this review, although they are a key factor in obtaining accurate results in numerical studies. It is therefore necessary to implement a methodology that indicates which parameters a numerical simulation must include, as well as how the results should be analyzed.
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The objective of this study was to analyze three-dimensionally the morphological characteristics of the pterygomaxillary region related to pterygoid implants. Volume, height, width and bone density were studied in relation to age, sex and dental status. This retrospective observational study analyzed the CBCT of 52 hemi-maxillas three-dimensionally (females n = 28, males n = 24; dentate = 31, edentulous = 21). Patients were exposed between September 2009 and October 2014, and data collection was performed between November 2015 and May 2016. Bone density, volume, height and width were analyzed in various locations of the maxilla and pterygoid process, and the variables age, gender and dental status patients were compared. The results show that the mean width of the pterygomaxillary joint was 7.5 mm (SD 1.00 mm), mean height was 12.51 mm (SD 1,82 mm) and mean volume was 321.7 mm3 (SD 142.02 mm3). Statistically significant differences between dentate and edentulous patients were found, showing a higher osseous density in dentate patients in the pterygoid process (758.2, SD 106.8, 95% CI 729.2 to 787.3 GSD - Gray Scale Density - compared to 689.9, SD 107.3, 95% CI 660.8 to 719.1 GSD; P = 0.022). In the maxilla, density was statistically significant lower in female subjects (571.0, SD 74.1, 95% CI 594.9 to 645.4 GSD) than in male subjects (620.2, SD 93.8, 95% CI 594.4 to 645.4 GSD, P = 0.047). In conclusion, due to the significant variation in the morphological characteristics of the pterygomaxillary region among subjects, personalized pre-surgical radiological assessment should always be performed. Gender, age and dental status are critical factors as they significantly affect bone density in this region.
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Densidad Ósea , Implantes Dentales , Maxilar , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Maxilar/diagnóstico por imagen , Maxilar/metabolismo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
Background: To establish the prevalence of supernumerary canines (SNC) in a sector of the population of Madrid (Spain), as well possible complications associated with this unusual developmental variation. Study design: This observational study was performed between 2005 and 2017, among 21,615 patients seeking dental treatment at the Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid (Spain), and at the Virgen de la Paloma Hospital, Madrid (Spain); 22 patients with 26 SNCs were diagnosed. These 22 patients underwent clinical and radiological exploration, registering patient data. Results: SNCs presented a prevalence of 0.10% of the study population. The supernumerary teeth (SNT) were located in the upper maxilla more frequently (61.54%) than the mandible (38.46%). 69.23% were found to be impacted, also causing the impaction of the permanent canine in 53.85% of these cases. In 15.38%, follicular expansion > 3mm was observed. SNCs were associated with other SNT in only four patients. Conclusions: Despite of the fact that the SNCs are usually diagnosed casually in the course of radiological explora-tion, in the present study over half of them (53.85%) caused impaction of the permanent canine. Early diagnosis allows optimal patient management and treatment planning, with intervention at an appropriate time to prevent complications in development and so reduce later treatment need
No disponible
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Humanos , Diente Impactado , Diente Supernumerario , Mandíbula , Maxilar , Diente CaninoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to analyze the stress distribution on two types of extra-short dental implants with 5 mm of length: An internal hexagon (IH) and morse taper connection (MT). METHODS: The three-dimensional model was composed of trabecular and cortical bone, a crown, an extra-short dental implant and their components. An axial load of 150 N was applied and another inclined 30° with the same magnitude. RESULTS: Stress concentrations on the IH implant are observed in the region of the first threads for the screw. However, in the MT implant the highest stress occurs at the edges of the upper implant platform. CONCLUSIONS: In view of the results obtained in this study the two types of prosthetic fittings present a good stress distribution. The Morse taper connections presented better behavior than the internal in both loading configurations.
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The aim of this study was to estimate the age of subjects from their dental age by showing the different stages of tooth development using the Nolla method in a Spanish population sample considering the gender, age group, and the development of the two dental arches. The sample consisted of 604 orthopantomographs corresponding to Spanish children (male: 302 and female: 302) aged from 4 to 14 years old. The resulting chronological and dental ages were compared using Student's t-test. We obtained a good index of agreement between the evaluators and good internal consistency in the evaluation of the ages of the teeth. In general, the dental age estimates were lower than the chronological ages, obtaining an underestimation with the application of the Nolla method. In the male group, the average dental age of the maxillary teeth was 8.36 years and that of the mandibular teeth was 8.40 years, compared to the chronological age of 8.84 years in both cases. In the female group, the average dental age of the maxillary teeth was 7.76 years and that of the mandibular teeth was 7.88 years, compared to the chronological age of 8.70 years in both cases. On applying the Nolla method to our sample, a significant overestimation was observed only in children aged between 4 and 6.9 years. The Nolla method can be used as a complementary tool for estimating age in children of Spanish origin. The application of this method is more favourable in the case of individuals evaluated under the law applied to minors. In general, with this method, age is underestimated, but the calculations involved are reliable, and greater precision has been observed in male than in female. The data from this study can be used as a reference to determine the dental maturity of Spanish children and to estimate their ages.
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Determinación de la Edad por los Dientes/métodos , Radiografía Panorámica , Calcificación de Dientes , Diente/crecimiento & desarrollo , Adolescente , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , España , Diente/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to perform an in vivo histological comparative evaluation of bone formation around titanium (machined and treated surface) and zirconia implants. For the present study were used 50 commercially pure titanium implants grade IV, being that 25 implants with a machined surface (TiM group), 25 implants with a treated surface (TiT group) and, 25 implants were manufactured in pure zirconia (Zr group). The implants (n = 20 per group) were installed in the tibia of 10 rabbits. The implants distribution was randomized (n = 3 implants per tibia). Five implants of each group were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and an optical laser profilometer for surface roughness characterization. Six weeks after the implantation, 10 implants for each group were removed in counter-torque for analysis of maximum torque value. The remaining samples were processed, included in historesin and cut to obtain non-decalcified slides for histomorphological analyses and histomorphometric measurement of the percentage of bone-implant contact (BIC%). Comparisons were made between the groups using a 5% level of significance (p < 0.05) to assess statistical differences. The results of removal torque values (mean ± standard deviation) showed for the TiM group 15.9 ± 4.18 N cm, for TiT group 27.9 ± 5.15 N cm and for Zr group 11.5 ± 2.92 N cm, with significant statistical difference between the groups (p < 0.0001). However, the BIC% presented similar values for all groups (35.4 ± 4.54 for TiM group, 37.8 ± 4.84 for TiT group and 34.0 ± 6.82 for Zr group), with no statistical differences (p = 0.2171). Within the limitations of the present study, the findings suggest that the quality of the new bone tissue formed around the titanium implants present a superior density (maturation) in comparison to the zirconia implants.
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To evaluate the bending and torsional properties of four nickel-titanium endodontic files, we simulated and compared WaveOne® primary size 25 with 0.07 taper, WaveOne Gold® primary size 25 with 0.07 taper, Reciproc® primary size 25 with 0.08 taper, and Reciproc Blue® primary size 25 with 0.08 taper. Three-dimensional models were created using computer-aided design software and numerically analyzed in ANSYS® Workbench. Boundary conditions for the numerical analyses were based on the ISO 3630-1 specifications. The highest stress levels were recorded for WaveOne® and Reciproc®. Numerical results of the bending test showed that WaveOne Gold® is 86% more flexible than WaveOne® with a deflection of 3â¯mm. Reciproc Blue® was 42.31% more flexible than Reciproc® file with a deflection of 3â¯mm. The WaveOne® instrument withstood the highest stress under the torsion test, followed by Reciproc®, then Reciproc Blue® files. The stress under torsion in the WaveOne® and WaveOne Gold® files is reduced in a 51%. Regarding Reciproc® and Reciproc Blue® files, the stress under torsional moments remains very similar. Our results exposed a considerable difference in terms of stress tolerance between WaveOne® and WaveOne Gold®. However, Reciproc® files demonstrated a similar stress distribution. The results obtained through finite element analysis suggest that thermal treatment of files might improve their flexibility, increasing resistance during the preparation of highly curved canals. Also, the values obtained regarding the improvement of flexibility were in accordance with the manufacturer claims.