FLUORESCE: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial of Fluoxetine for Vision Recovery After Acute Ischemic Stroke.

BACKGROUND: Poststroke homonymous hemianopia is disabling, and complete spontaneous recovery is rare. In this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, pilot clinical trial, we tested whether fluoxetine enhances vision recovery after stroke. METHODS: We randomized 17 consecutive adults 1:1 to 90 days of fluoxetine 20 mg daily vs placebo within 10 days of an ischemic stroke causing isolated homonymous hemianopia. The primary end point was percent improvement in 24-2 automated perimetry at 6 months. Twelve participants completed the study. Clinical trial registration NCT02737930. RESULTS: Intention-to-treat analysis of the primary end point, percent improvement in perimetric mean deviation, showed a nonsignificant benefit of fluoxetine (64.4%, n = 5) compared with placebo (26.0%, n = 7, one-tailed 95% confidence interval (CI) = (-2.13, ∞), P = 0.06). The original blind field completely recovered in 60% receiving fluoxetine and 14% receiving placebo (odds ratio = 7.22, one-tailed 95% CI = (0.50, ∞)). CONCLUSION: These results suggest a trend in favor of fluoxetine for vision recovery after stroke and have the potential to inform the design of a larger multicenter trial.

Translational Brain Mapping at the University of Rochester Medical Center: Preserving the Mind Through Personalized Brain Mapping.

The Translational Brain Mapping Program at the University of Rochester is an interdisciplinary effort that integrates cognitive science, neurophysiology, neuroanesthesia, and neurosurgery. Patients who have tumors or epileptogenic tissue in eloquent brain areas are studied preoperatively with functional and structural MRI, and intraoperatively with direct electrical stimulation mapping. Post-operative neural and cognitive outcome measures fuel basic science studies about the factors that mediate good versus poor outcome after surgery, and how brain mapping can be further optimized to ensure the best outcome for future patients. In this article, we describe the interdisciplinary workflow that allows our team to meet the synergistic goals of optimizing patient outcome and advancing scientific understanding of the human brain.

Survival of retinal ganglion cells after damage to the occipital lobe in humans is activity dependent.

Damage to the optic radiations or primary visual cortex leads to blindness in all or part of the contralesional visual field. Such damage disconnects the retina from its downstream targets and, over time, leads to trans-synaptic retrograde degeneration of retinal ganglion cells. To date, visual ability is the only predictor of retinal ganglion cell degeneration that has been investigated after geniculostriate damage. Given prior findings that some patients have preserved visual cortex activity for stimuli presented in their blind field, we tested whether that activity explains variability in retinal ganglion cell degeneration over and above visual ability. We prospectively studied 15 patients (four females, mean age = 63.7 years) with homonymous visual field defects secondary to stroke, 10 of whom were tested within the first two months after stroke. Each patient completed automated Humphrey visual field testing, retinotopic mapping with functional magnetic resonance imaging, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of the macula. There was a positive relation between ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness in the blind field and early visual cortex activity for stimuli presented in the blind field. Furthermore, residual visual cortex activity for stimuli presented in the blind field soon after the stroke predicted the degree of retinal GCC thinning six months later. These findings indicate that retinal ganglion cell survival after ischaemic damage to the geniculostriate pathway is activity dependent.

Spontaneous in-flight accommodation of hand orientation to unseen grasp targets: A case of action blindsight.

The division of labour between the dorsal and ventral visual pathways is well established. The ventral stream supports object identification, while the dorsal stream supports online processing of visual information in the service of visually guided actions. Here, we report a case of an individual with a right inferior quadrantanopia who exhibited accurate spontaneous rotation of his wrist when grasping a target object in his blind visual field. His accurate wrist orientation was observed despite the fact that he exhibited no sensitivity to the orientation of the handle in a perceptual matching task. These findings indicate that non-geniculostriate visual pathways process basic volumetric information relevant to grasping, and reinforce the observation that phenomenal awareness is not necessary for an object's volumetric properties to influence visuomotor performance.