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Background: Periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) are among the most morbid complications in total hip arthroplasty (THA). The ideal incubation time, however, for intraoperative cultures for PJI diagnosis remains unclear. As such, the aim of this study was to determine if any differences existed in culture-positive rates and organism detection between five-day and fourteen-day cultures. Methods: This retrospective cohort study consisted of THA cases diagnosed with PJI performed between May 2014 and May 2020 at a single tertiary-care institution. Analyses compared five-day and fourteen-day cultures and carried out a pre-specified subgroup analysis by organism and PJI type. Results: A total of 147 surgeries were performed in 101 patients (57.1% females), of which 65% (n = 98) obtained five-day cultures and 34% (n = 49) obtained fourteen-day cultures. The positive culture rate was 67.3% (n = 99) with Staphylococcus aureus being the most common pathogen identified (n = 41 specimens, 41.4%). The positive culture rate was not significantly different between groups (66.3% five-day, 69.4% fourteen-day, p = 0.852). Fourteen-day cultures had a significantly longer time-to-positive culture (5.0 days) than five-day cultures (3.0 days, p < 0.001), a higher rate of fungi (5.6% vs. 0%), and a lower rate of Gram-negatives (4.5% vs. 18.7%, p = 0.016). Conclusions: Fourteen-day cultures did not increase the positivity rate, had higher rates of slow-growth pathogens, and had a longer time-to-positivization than five-day cultures. Prolonged culture holds may provide more thorough organism detection for PJI without increasing the diagnostic culture yield.
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Aims & objectives: With modern advancements in surgical techniques and rapid recovery protocols, incidence of outpatient total joint arthroplasty (TJA) is increasing. Previous literature has historically focused on cost, safety, and clinical outcomes, with few studies investigating patient expectations and experiences. The aim of this study was to survey preoperative patient expectations related to outpatient TJA surgery compared with perioperative perceptions and experience. Materials & methods: Prospective study of patients undergoing outpatient total hip or knee arthroplasty at a single Tertiary Academic center. Preoperative and postoperative surveys were administered during routine clinic visits. Results: One hundred and six patients completed preoperative surveys; 79 completed postoperative surveys and were included in the final data analysis. Fifty (63.3 %) patients reported being aware of outpatient TJA prior to undergoing the procedure. There was no difference between preoperative anticipated pain control and postoperative perceived pain control (6.64 vs. 6.88, p = 0.77). Most postoperative patients (N = 56, 70.9 %) rated outpatient surgery as "much better" or "better" than expected. Most postoperative patients (N = 68, 86 %) would opt to have outpatient surgery again. Fifty-two (65.8 %) of postoperative patients believed outpatient surgery sped up their postoperative rehabilitation. Conclusion: For most patients, the outpatient surgical experience met or exceeded expectations. Nearly 90 % of patients would prefer to have outpatient surgery in the future, further supporting the continued migration of elective arthroplasty away from inpatient sites of care.
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Histone chaperones control nucleosome density and chromatin structure. In yeast, the H3-H4 chaperone Spt2 controls histone deposition at active genes but its roles in metazoan chromatin structure and organismal physiology are not known. Here we identify the Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog of SPT2 (CeSPT-2) and show that its ability to bind histones H3-H4 is important for germline development and transgenerational epigenetic gene silencing, and that spt-2 null mutants display signatures of a global stress response. Genome-wide profiling showed that CeSPT-2 binds to a range of highly expressed genes, and we find that spt-2 mutants have increased chromatin accessibility at a subset of these loci. We also show that SPT2 influences chromatin structure and controls the levels of soluble and chromatin-bound H3.3 in human cells. Our work reveals roles for SPT2 in controlling chromatin structure and function in Metazoa.
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Proteínas de Unión al ADN , Chaperonas de Histonas , Animales , Humanos , Chaperonas de Histonas/genética , Chaperonas de Histonas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/metabolismo , Histonas/metabolismo , Cromatina/metabolismo , Nucleosomas/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismoRESUMEN
Objetivo: Caracterizar el cáncer de mama en subtipos moleculares mediante la expresión inmunohistoquímica de las Ck5/6, Ck7, Ck8 y Ck18 asociados a los clásicos marcadores determinados y analizar la evolución clínica de los distintos subtipos. Métodos: La muestra fue intencional y de acuerdo con los criterios de inclusión definidos se seleccionaron 149 bloques de parafina de casos con carcinoma ductal infiltrante de la mama. De los resultados previos de marcadores moleculares por inmunohistoquímica que incluyeron RE, RP, Her-2, p53, Bcl2 y Ki-67, se analizó el inmunomarcaje de los tres primeros y se estableció el subtipo tumoral. De los bloques de parafina se construyeron 5 micromatrices de tejido y se evaluó la expresión inmunohistoquímica de las Ck5/6, Ck7, Ck8, Ck18 de acuerdo al subtipo tumoral. Resultados: El promedio de edad de las pacientes fue 51,32 años. Los tumores luminal A y B expresaron Ck8 y Ck18 en más del 80 % de los casos. Los tumores Her-2+ expresaron en más del 80 % de los casos Ck7 y Ck18, la proteína Bcl2 y la p53 marcaron en menos del 25 % y 39 % de los mismos. Los tumores TN expresaron Ck5/6, Ck7, Ck8 y Ck18 de forma variables. La proteína p53 y Bcl2 inmunomarcaron en porcentaje variable de casos y la Ki-67 en casi la totalidad. Presentaron recurrencia la mayoría con tumores Her-2+ y TN, la supervivencia global fue menor en los casos con esos subtipos. Conclusión: El análisis de los biomarcadores moleculares en este estudio proporciona una mejor definición de cada tumor.
Objective: To characterize breast cancer molecular subtypes by immunohistochemical expression of Ck5 / 6, Ck7, and Ck18 Ck8 markers associated with certain classical and analyze the clinical evolution of different subtypes. Methods: Sample was intentional and according to defined criteria including paraffin blocks 149 cases with infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast was selected. Previous results of molecular markers by immunohistochemistry that included ER, PR, Her-2, p53, Bcl-2 and Ki-67 immunostaining of the first three was analyzed and tumor subtype was established. Paraffin blocks 5 tissue microarrays were constructed and immunohistochemical expression of Ck5/6, Ck7, Ck8, Ck18 according to tumor subtype was evaluated. Results: The mean age of patients was 51.32 years. The A and B luminal tumors expressed CK18 Ck8 and over 80 % of cases. The Her-2 + tumors expressed in over 80 % of Ck7 and Ck18 cases, the Bcl2 protein and p53 marked in less than 25 % and 39 % thereof. TN tumors expressed Ck5/6, Ck7, and Ck18 Ck8 variable form. p53 and Bcl2 protein immunostained in variable percentage of cases and Ki-67 in almost all. They showed most tumor recurrence Her-2 + and TN, overall survival was lower in patients with these subtypes. Conclusion: The analysis of molecular biomarkers in this study provides a better definition of each tumor.
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Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia de trastornos psicóticos en comparación con trastornos no psicóticos según procedencia y sexo en pacientes que acuden a la consulta de psiquiatría en una población venezolana sometida a estrés de secuestros, sicarios y altos índices de criminalidad. Método: Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, de morbilidad entre julio y diciembre de 2008 de la consulta de psiquiatría de un hospital general de Venezuela. Resultados: En la consulta se atendieron 1.801 pacientes, de los cuales 56,7% fueron mujeres. El 58% los pacientes provenía de San Cristóbal; 40,4% de otra ciudad del estado del Táchira, y 1,6% de otro estado. El diagnóstico que predominó entre todos los pacientes fue trastorno de ansiedad (19,7%). Los trastornos psicóticos (esquizofrenia, trastorno afectivo bipolar y trastorno mental orgánico) fueron diagnosticados en un 34,6%. Los trastornos no psicóticos (ansiedad, depresión y trastorno obsesivo-convulsivo) fueron diagnosticados en un 30,2%. El diagnóstico de psicosis predominó en los pacientes procedentes de San Cristóbal, en comparación con los que procedían de otra región (p<0,0001). En el sexo femenino predominaron los diagnósticos de ansiedad y depresión y en el masculino el diagnóstico de psicosis (p<0,0001). Conclusión: Los trastornos psicóticos se diagnosticaron con mayor frecuencia en los pacientes que viven en San Cristóbal, lo que sugiere que la tensión emocional que reina en la ciudad puede ser un factor de riesgo desencadenante de las crisis psicóticas de los pacientes.
Objective: To describe the prevalence of psychotic disorders compared with non-psychotic disorders sorted by residence and sex in patients attending psychiatric consultation in a Venezuelan community under stress due to kidnappings, murder and high crime rates. Method: Retrospective and descriptive study of morbidity of psychiatric disorders between July and December 2008 in the psychiatric services at a general hospital in Venezuela. Results: 1.801 patients were seen at the psychiatric services, 56.7% were women. 58% came from San Cristobal, 40.4% from other cities and 1.6% from the state of Tachira. The diagnosis that prevailed among all patients was anxiety disorder (19.7%). Psychotic disorders (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and organic mental disorder) were diagnosed in 34.6%. Non-psychotic disorders (anxiety, depression and obsessive compulsive disorder) were diagnosed in 30.2%. The diagnosis of psychosis predominated in patients from San Cristobal in comparison with those from other areas (p<0.0001). Anxiety and depression predominated in females and the diagnosis of psychosis in male patients (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Psychotic disorders were more frequently diagnosed in patients living in San Cristobal, which might suggest that emotional tension present and experienced in urban areas could be a risk factor triggering crisis in psychotic patients.
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El fenómeno del desplazamiento forzado por la violencia en Colombia, cursa con complejas problemáticas que demandan acciones en materia de la protección social de las víctimas. La sociedad y los gobiernos de turno han enfrentado esta situación en medio de limitaciones de recursos, de la crisis de valores y del conflicto armado persistente, sin poderse encontrar soluciones eficaces de atención y de restablecimiento de las condiciones de vida de dichas poblaciones. La asistencia sanitaria tampoco ha dado respuesta efectiva a las necesidades a este respecto. Se requiere, entonces, reconsiderar la situación actual de salud de los desplazados, partiendo del reconocimiento de los valores humanos, para fundamentar y propiciar un sistema y un modelo de atención diferencial, de fácil acceso y que brinde servicios de salud dignos, eficientes y oportunos, desde una perspectiva holística de las dinámicas salud-enfermedad inherentes a estas poblaciones.
The forced displacement by the internal civil war in Colombia brings complex problems requiring actions related to the social protection of the victims. Society and the last governments have faced this situation characterized for resource limitations, values crisisand the persistence of the armed conflict, without finding efficacious solutions for the assistance and reestablishment of those populations and their life conditions. The health care system has neither given effectiveanswers to the needs on this field. Thus, it is necessary to reconsider the actual health care situation of the displaced people, beginning from the recognition of human values, in order to createand propitiate a system and a differential assistance model, which facilitates the access, and that offersefficient health services to everyone with opportunity and dignity, based on the holistic perspective of a health-disease dynamics, inherent to those communities.
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Humanos , Servicios de Salud Comunitaria , Migración HumanaRESUMEN
This report describes findings from epidemiological surveillance of influenza virus in two cities in Argentina (Mar del Plata and Córdoba) from 1987 to 1993. It includes information on reporting and serologic characterization of isolated influenza viruses. In addition, determination was made of the nucleotide sequences of the HA1 subunits of five type A (subtype H3) viral strains isolated in the epidemics of 1990 and 1993. The incidence of illness, type of viruses isolated, and H gene sequences were similar to what has been reported from other parts of the world during the same period. The H3 strains isolated in the 1990 and 1993 seasons were somewhat removed in their molecular characteristics from the strains the World Health Organization recommended for vaccines for those years, and appeared closer to the strains recommended for vaccination in subsequent seasons
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Gripe Humana/virología , Monitoreo Epidemiológico , Serotipificación , ArgentinaRESUMEN
This report describes findings from epidemiological surveillance of influenza virus in two cities in Argentina (Mar del Plata and Córdoba) from 1987 to 1993. It includes information on reporting and serologic characterization of isolated influenza viruses. In addition, determination was made of the nucleotide sequences of the HA1 subunits of five type A (subtype H3) viral strains isolated in the epidemics of 1990 and 1993. The incidence of illness, type of viruses isolated, and H gene sequences were similar to what has been reported from other parts of the world during the same period. The H3 strains isolated in the 1990 and 1993 seasons were somewhat removed in their molecular characteristics from the strains the World Health Organization recommended for vaccines for those years, and appeared closer to the strains recommended for vaccination in subsequent seasons
En este informe se describen los resultados de la vigilancia epidemiológica de virus de gripe en dos ciudades de la Argentina (Mar del Plata y Córdoba) de 1987 a 1993. Se incluye información acerca de la notificación y la caracterización serológica de los virus aisaldos. Además, se determinaron las secuencias de nucleótidos de las subunidades HA1 de cinco cepas tipo A (subtipo H3) aisladas durante las epidemias de 1990 y 1993. La incidencia de enfermedad, los tipos de virus aislados y las secuencias genéticas H fueron similares a las notificaciones del mismo período en otras partes del mundo. En sus características moleculares, las cepas H3 aisladas en las estaciones de 1990 y 1993 se distinguían un poco de las cepas que la Organización Mundial de la Salud recomendó incluir en las vacunas de esos años y se parecían más a las cepas recomendadas para vacunación en estaciones subsecuentes
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Serotipificación , Gripe Humana , Monitoreo Epidemiológico , ArgentinaRESUMEN
Se obtuvo información de 59 pacientes que acudían a la consulta de control prenatal de bajo riesgo al Hospital Regional Simón Bolívar de Bogotá, acerca de las posibles variaciones cuantitativas y/o cualitativas del comportamiento sexual antes y durante la gestación. Se describen variables que influyen en la práctica sexual durante la preñez, que causan disminución en la actividad y en la obtención de satisfacción sexuales. Los cambios se encontraron principalmente durante el primero y tercer trimestres de la gestación, dados por una disminución en la actividad sexual de pareja y por un descenso en el número de orgasmos, atribuibles a la presencia de sintomatología típica de la preñez, la existencia de mitos por falta de información adecuada y por una alteración en la autoimagen de la mujer gestante. Se intenta resolver mitos, plantear soluciones y establecer contraindicaciones para diferentes formas de actividad sexual