The structure of odontogenic inflammation among children / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

Introduction@#The department of Maxillofacial surgery of the National Center for Maternal and Child Health (NCMCH) has a nationwide tertiary medical service for the children who is with congenital orofacial anomalies, facial injury, nonmalignant tumors of this area, and inflammations of maxillofacial area following odontogenic infection and other reasons as well. For the last years the number of the patients who are with odontogenic inflammation on the department has been growing constantly meaning that the necessity of medical care for our countries for children is also growing. Therefore by studying and analyzing the structure of the odontogenic inflammation and to determine the most frequent odontogenic inflammation among children in our country, to prevent them, define the treatment plan.@*Aim@#To clarify what kind of odontogenic maxillofacial inflammatory diseases mainly occurs among Mongolian children. @*Materials and Method@#We included all patients who are with odontogenic inflammation and underwent emergency and planned surgery in the department of Maxillofacial surgery, NCMCH between 2014-2018. </br> We used descriptive method based on the information of inpatients history record between 2014.01.01- 2018.12.31 at the department of Maxillofacial surgery, NCMCH and using our own –designed, prescreened survey card.</br> Statistical data processing is done using Microsoft Office-2019, SPSS for windows and STATA programs, and the results are shown illustrated method. The survey identified the incidence and frequency of each disease classification, and analyzed the characteristics of the child’s age, sex, and residency.@*Result @#In total 3533 children with odontogenic inflammation, whom age range is 0-18 years old, admitted at the department of Maxillofacial surgery for the surgical treatment were involved in this study.</br> Among which 1452(41.1%) male, 2081(58.9%) female. Considering the residency 2918(82.5%) children from Ulan-Bator and 615 (17.5%) children from countryside. The most of patients, who involved in this study were with odontogenic periostitis of maxillofacial area (67.5%), most were girls and preschool age (3-5 ages).@*Conclusion@#Based on the result of our study the most frequent inflammation was odontogenic periostitis of maxilla and mandible bone with 67.5%. The odontogenic phlegmon of orofacial area was the 2nd most frequent with 25.1%.</br> Inflammation of maxillofacial area was most frequent in 3-5 age group (preschool age) with 41.4%, and mostly in male. Considering the residency with 82.5% highest in Ulanbator.

The structure of disease among children department of maxillofacial surgery / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

Introduction@#The department of Maxillofacial surgery of the National Center for Maternal and Child Health (NCMCH) has a nationwide tertiary medical service on the patients who is with congenital orofacial anomalies, facial injury, nonmalignant tumors of this area, and inflammations of maxillofacial area following dental caries and other reasons as well. For the last years nationwide the number of inpatient of the department has been growing constantly meaning that the necessity of medical care for our countries for children is also growing. Therefore by studying and analyzing the structure of the illness of the department will be able to determine the most frequent orofacial illness among children in our country, to prevent them, define the treatment plan.@*Aim@#To clarify what disease in the Maxillofacial area mainly occurs among Mongolian children. @*Materials and Method@#We included all patients who underwent emergency and planned surgery in the department of Max-illofacial surgery, NCMCH between 2014-2015. </br> We used descriptive and case-control method based on the information of inpatients history record between 2014.01.01-2015.01.01 at the department of Maxillofacial surgery, NCMCH and using our own –designed, pre-screened survey card. </br> Statistical data processing is done using Microsoft Office-2017 and SPSS for windows programs, and the results are shown illustrated method. The survey identified the incidence and frequency of each disease classification, and analyzed the characteristics of the child’s age, sex, and residency.@*Result@#The most of patients, who involved in this study were with the inflammation of maxillofacial area (57%), and the congenital orofacial clefts (24.4%). </br> In total 3300 children from 0-18 years old admitted at the department of Maxillofacial surgery and Infants study for orofacial surgery treatment were involved in this study. </br> Among which were 1803(54.6%) male, 1497(45.4%) female. Considering the residency, 2525(76.5%) children from Ulaanbaatar and 775 (23.5%) children from countryside. The most of patients, who involved in this study, were with the inflammation of maxillofacial area (57%), and the congenital orofacial clefts (24.4%).@*Conclusion@#Based on the result of our study the highest incidence among the participants was inflammation of maxillofacial area with 57% in which odontogenic periostitis was the most frequent with 21.6%. Congenital orofacial clefts and disorders was the 2^nd most frequent with 24.4%. Inflammation of maxillo-facial area was most frequent in 0-2 age group with 33.7%, and mostly in male. Considering there were residency with 83.2% highest in Ulaanbaatar and mostly in Bayanzurkh district with 24.7%.

Adsorption isotherms and kinetics of activated carbons produced from coals of different ranks.

Activated carbons (ACs) from six coals, ranging from low-rank lignite brown coal to high-rank stone coal, were utilized as adsorbents to remove basic methylene blue (MB) from an aqueous solution. The surface properties of the obtained ACs were characterized via thermal analysis, N2 isothermal sorption, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Boehm titration. As coal rank decreased, an increase in the heterogeneity of the pore structures and abundance of oxygen-containing functional groups increased MB coverage on its surface. The equilibrium data fitted well with the Langmuir model, and adsorption capacity of MB ranged from 51.8 to 344.8 mg g⁻¹. Good correlation coefficients were obtained using the intra-particle diffusion model, indicating that the adsorption of MB onto ACs is diffusion controlled. The values of the effective diffusion coefficient ranged from 0.61 × 10⁻¹° to 7.1 × 10⁻¹° m² s⁻¹, indicating that ACs from lower-rank coals have higher effective diffusivities. Among all the ACs obtained from selected coals, the AC from low-rank lignite brown coal was the most effective in removing MB from an aqueous solution.

Epidemiology of the 2010 Outbreak of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Mongolia.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) occurred in five provinces and 24 counties as part of the FMD incursion into Mongolia during 2010. The first detection occurred on 21 April 2010 (confirmed 26 April 2010) with the last detection occurring approximately 8 months later on 13 December 2010. The number of livestock detected in the spring phase of the outbreak was 323 cattle and in the summer phase was 13 485 sheep, 6748 cattle, 5692 goats and 10 camels (total livestock summer phase = 25 935; for spring and summer phases combined = 26 258). Infection of livestock was confirmed by PCR for each affected county but not necessarily for every outbreak cluster involving more than one herder. It is likely that the summer phase of the outbreak was a continuation of the spring event. In the summer phase, the spatio-temporal pattern of spread suggested an extension of infection from the main cluster in the Sukhbaatar county. There was also a number of long-distance clusters established. The relative importance of spread by three potential pathways of gazelle, livestock, animal product and fomite movements has not been determined and will require further study. The estimated dissemination ratio (EDR) did not provide evidence of high rate of transmission of infection between herders; however, the data are limited by the quality of surveillance and the method of calculation which used the date of detection rather than the date of infection.

Xanthones from Gentianella amarella ssp. acuta with acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase inhibitory activities.

Two new xanthone glycosides, corymbiferin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1) and swertiabisxanthone-I 8'-O-beta- d-glucopyranoside (2), were isolated from Gentianella amarella ssp. acuta, along with eight known xanthones: triptexanthoside C, veratriloside, corymbiferin 1-O-glucoside, swertianolin, norswertianolin, swertiabisxanthone-I, bellidin, and bellidifolin, four of them identified for the first time in G. amarella ssp. acuta. The isolation was conducted mainly by centrifugal partition chromatography, and the structures of the isolated compounds were established on the basis of spectrometric data including 2D NMR and mass spectrometry. Xanthones were weakly active against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), except triptexanthoside C, which inhibited AChE with an IC(50) of 13.8 +/- 1.6 microM. Some compounds were active against monoamine oxidases (MAO): bellidin and bellidifolin showed interesting inhibitory activity of MAO A, while swertianolin, the 8-O-glucopyranoside form of bellidifolin, gave 93.6% inhibition of MAO B activity at 10(-5) M.

Estimation of the molecular mass range of the tar from pyrolysis of casein by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, probe mass spectrometry and size exclusion chromatography with 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone as eluent.

Casein has been pyrolysed to obtain a biochar (28.3% yield), with mostly meso- and macro-pore structure, and a liquid tar product of high yield (37.5%) with the balance as gas (20.9%) and water (13.3%). The elemental composition of the casein tar was: C 66.7%, H 8.3%, N 12.1% and O 12.9% (by difference). The tar sample has been characterised by mass spectrometry, gas chromatography (GC)/MS and heated-probe MS, to give molecular mass distributions for comparison with molecular mass ranges indicated by analytical-scale size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). The tar appeared to be completely soluble in 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP), the solvent used for SEC. It appeared to consist mostly of lower molecular mass fractions with elution times at 18-26 min. GC/MS analysis showed the presence of both aliphatic and aromatic nitrogen-containing components. Neither GC/MS nor heated-probe MS were able to detect more than about half the tar components.