Kinetic Modulation of Carbon Nanotube Growth in Direct Spinning for High-Strength Carbon Nanotube Fibers.

With impressive individual properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) show great potential in constructing high-performance fibers. However, the tensile strength of as-prepared carbon nanotube fibers (CNTFs) by floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD) is plagued by the weak intertube interaction between the essential CNTs. Here, we developed a chlorine (Cl)/water (H2O)-assisted length furtherance FCCVD (CALF-FCCVD) method to modulate the intertube interaction of CNTs and enhance the mechanical strength of macroscopic fibers. The CNTs acquired by the CALF-FCCVD method show an improvement of 731% in length compared to that by the conventional iron-based FCCVD system. Moreover, CNTFs prepared by CALF-FCCVD spinning exhibit a high tensile strength of 5.27 ± 0.27 GPa (4.62 ± 0.24 N/tex) and reach up to 5.61 GPa (4.92 N/tex), which outperforms most previously reported results. Experimental measurements and density functional theory calculations show that Cl and H2O play a crucial role in the furtherance of CNT growth. Cl released from the decomposition of methylene dichloride greatly accelerates the growth of the CNTs; H2O can remove amorphous carbon on the floating catalysts to extend their lifetime, which further modulates the growth kinetics and improves the purity of the as-prepared fibers. Our design of the CALF-FCCVD platform offers a powerful way to tune CNT growth kinetics in direct spinning toward high-strength CNTFs.

An efficient approach toward production of near-zigzag single-chirality carbon nanotubes.

Synthesizing single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with a narrow chirality distribution is essential for obtaining pure chirality materials through postgrowth sorting techniques. Using carbon monoxide chemical vapor deposition, we devise a ruthenium (Ru) catalyst supported by silica for the bulk production of SWCNTs containing only a few (n, m) species. The result is attributed to the limited carbon dissociation on the supported Ru clusters, favoring the growth of only small-diameter SWCNTs at comparable growth rates. The resulting materials expedite high-purity single chirality separation using gel chromatography, leading to unprecedented yields of 3.5% for (9, 1) and 5.2% for (9, 2) nanotubes, which surpass those separated from HiPco SWCNTs by two orders of magnitude. This work sheds light on the large-quantity synthesis of SWCNTs with enriched species beyond near-armchair ones for their high-yield separation.

Design of dual peptide-conjugated hydrogels for proliferation and differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells.

Completely synthetic cell cultivation materials for human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are important for the future clinical use of hPSC-derived cells. Currently, cell culture materials conjugated with extracellular matrix (ECM)-derived peptides are being prepared using only one specific integrin-targeting peptide. We designed dual peptide-conjugated hydrogels, for which each peptide was selected from different ECM sites: the laminin ß4 chain and fibronectin or vitronectin, which can target α6ß1 and α2ß1 or αVß5. hPSCs cultured on dual peptide-conjugated hydrogels, especially on hydrogels conjugated with peptides obtained from the laminin ß4 chain and vitronectin with a low peptide concentration of 200 µg/mL, showed high proliferation ability over the long term and differentiated into cells originating from 3 germ layers in vivo as well as a specific lineage of cardiac cells. The design of grafting peptides was also important, for which a joint segment and positive amino acids were added into the designed peptide. Because of the designed peptides on the hydrogels, only 200 µg/mL peptide solution was sufficient for grafting on the hydrogels, and the hydrogels supported hPSC cultures long-term; in contrast, in previous studies, greater than 1000 µg/mL peptide solution was needed for the grafting of peptides on cell culture materials.

Monocyte distribution width as an early predictor of short-term outcome in adult patients with sepsis.

OBJECTIVES: Monocyte distribution width (MDW) is a quantitative measurement of monocyte anisocytosis and has been proposed as an efficient marker for early sepsis detection. This study aimed to assess the prognostic potential of MDW in septic patients. METHODS: In this study, a total of 252 adult septic patients were enrolled. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory finding including MDW and traditional inflammatory biomarkers detected at three time points (day 1, day 3 and day 6) after admission were collected and compared between 28-day survivors and non-survivors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Cox regression analyses were performed to assess and compare their predictive values. Group-based trajectory modeling was applied to identify MDW trajectory endotypes. Basic characteristics and 28-day outcomes were compared between the trajectories. RESULTS: ROC curve analysis showed that MDW levels measured on day 3 after admission (D3-MDW) had moderate prognostic value and was independently associated with 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis. A D3-MDW value of 26.20 allowed discrimination between survivors and non-survivors with a sensitivity of 77.8 % and a specificity of 67.6 %. However, the prognostic accuracy of D3-MDW was diminished in immune-compromised patients and patients who already received antibiotics before admission. Group-based trajectory modeling indicated that excessively elevated and delayed decreased MDW levels during the first week after admission inversely correlated with prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: MDW values detected on day 3 after admission and its kinetic change might be potential markers for predicting short-term outcome in adult septic patients.

Effects of esketamine for multimodal analgesia on opioid consumption and gastric motility in mechanically ventilated non-surgical ICU patients / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of esketamine for multimodal analgesia on opioid consumption and gastric motility in mechanically ventilated non-surgical intensive care unit （ICU） patients. METHODS Forty cases of mechanically ventilated non-surgical patients in the ICU of our hospital from February 1st， 2023 to July 31st， 2023 were selected and randomly divided into control group and esketamine （S-K） group using grouping method with opaque envelopes， with 20 cases in each group. Control group was given sufentanil， and S-K group was infused with Esketamine hydrochloride injection at a constant rate of 0.2 mg/（kg·h）+ sufentanil. The treatment period length， analgesic compliance rate， sedation level， analgesic and sedative consumption， and gastric motility indexes were compared between the two groups. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in the treatment period length， analgesic compliance rate， sedation level， or the consumption of propofol and midazolam between the two groups （P＞0.05）. The consumption of sufentanil in the S-K group was significantly less than control group （P＜ 0.05）. Compared with 1 h after randomization， the antral contraction frequency， antral contraction amplitude and antral motility index of patients in the S-K group were significantly higher at 72 h after randomization and were significantly higher than control group （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Esketamine may reduce opioid consumption and improve gastric motility in mechanically ventilated non-surgical ICU patients while ensuring a level of analgesic sedation.

Trilogy of drug repurposing for developing cancer and chemotherapy-induced heart failure co-therapy agent

Chemotherapy-induced complications, particularly lethal cardiovascular diseases, pose significant challenges for cancer survivors. The intertwined adverse effects, brought by cancer and its complication, further complicate anticancer therapy and lead to diminished clinical outcomes. Simple supplementation of cardioprotective agents falls short in addressing these challenges. Developing bi-functional co-therapy agents provided another potential solution to consolidate the chemotherapy and reduce cardiac events simultaneously. Drug repurposing was naturally endowed with co-therapeutic potential of two indications, implying a unique chance in the development of bi-functional agents. Herein, we further proposed a novel "trilogy of drug repurposing" strategy that comprises function-based, target-focused, and scaffold-driven repurposing approaches, aiming to systematically elucidate the advantages of repurposed drugs in rationally developing bi-functional agent. Through function-based repurposing, a cardioprotective agent, carvedilol (CAR), was identified as a potential neddylation inhibitor to suppress lung cancer growth. Employing target-focused SAR studies and scaffold-driven drug design, we synthesized 44 CAR derivatives to achieve a balance between anticancer and cardioprotection. Remarkably, optimal derivative 43 displayed promising bi-functional effects, especially in various self-established heart failure mice models with and without tumor-bearing. Collectively, the present study validated the practicability of the "trilogy of drug repurposing" strategy in the development of bi-functional co-therapy agents.

Prussian blue analogues derived magnetic FeCo@GC material as high-performance metallic peroxymonosulfate activators to degrade tetrabromobisphenol A over a wide pH range.

Metal-organic frame (MOF) materials can effectively degrade organic pollutants, whereas the MOF is rapidly hydrolysed in water and has poor stability and low reusability. However, in the current advanced oxidation process (AOP) system, the removal effect of pollutants under alkaline condition is not ideal. In this study, a magnetic composite material derived from MOF was synthesised and used as a new catalyst for rapid degradation of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA). Compared to precarbonisation, FeCo@GC formed a conductive graphite carbon skeleton, retained the complete rhombododecahedron structure, had a larger specific surface area and provided more active sites for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. The target pollutant TBBPA (20 mg/L) was completely degraded within 30 min, and the mineralisation rate reached 40.98% in the FeCo@GC (150 mg/L) and PMS (1 mM) systems, owing to the synergistic interaction between Fe, Co and graphite carbon. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved in the reaction were determined to be SO4•-, ·OH, 1O2 and O2•- by electron paramagnetic resonance and free radical scavenging experiments, and the 1O2 played a dominant role. Based on the results of LC-MS analysis results, the main degradation pathways of TBBPA involve three mechanisms: the debromination reaction, hydroxylation and cleavage of the benzene ring. In addition, compared with previous AOP systems, FeCo@GC/PMS overcomes the disadvantage of poor degradation effect of TBPPA under alkaline conditions, has a wide range pH (3-11) application and has the best effect on TBBPA degradation under alkaline conditions. FeCo@GC has an excellent cycle performance, with a removal rate of re-calcined material of 88.52% after five cycles. Therefore, FeCo@GC can be used as a promising and efficient catalyst for removing environmental organic pollutants.

Contacting individual graphene nanoribbons using carbon nanotube electrodes.

Graphene nanoribbons synthesized using bottom-up approaches can be structured with atomic precision, allowing their physical properties to be precisely controlled. For applications in quantum technology, the manipulation of single charges, spins or photons is required. However, achieving this at the level of single graphene nanoribbons is experimentally challenging due to the difficulty of contacting individual nanoribbons, particularly on-surface synthesized ones. Here we report the contacting and electrical characterization of on-surface synthesized graphene nanoribbons in a multigate device architecture using single-walled carbon nanotubes as the electrodes. The approach relies on the self-aligned nature of both nanotubes, which have diameters as small as 1 nm, and the nanoribbon growth on their respective growth substrates. The resulting nanoribbon-nanotube devices exhibit quantum transport phenomena-including Coulomb blockade, excited states of vibrational origin and Franck-Condon blockade-that indicate the contacting of individual graphene nanoribbons.

Carbon Nanotube-Directed 7 GPa Heterocyclic Aramid Fiber and Its Application in Artificial Muscles.

Poly(p-phenylene-benzimidazole-terephthalamide) (PBIA) fibers with excellent mechanical properties are widely used in fields that require impact-resistant materials such as ballistic protection and aerospace. The introduction of heterocycles in polymer chains increases their flexibility and makes it easier to optimize the fiber structure. However, the inadequate orientation of polymer chains is one of the main reasons for the large difference between the measured and theoretical mechanical properties of PBIA fibers. Herein, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are selected as an orientation seed. Their structural features allow CNTs to orient during the spinning process, which can induce an orderly arrangement of polymers and improve the orientation of the fiber microstructure. To ensure the complete 1D topology of long CNTs (≈10 µm), PBIA is used as an efficient dispersant to overcome dispersion challenges. The p-CNT/PBIA fibers (10 µm single-walled carbon nanotube 0.025 wt%) exhibit an increase of 22% in tensile strength and 23% in elongation, with a maximum tensile strength of 7.01 ± 0.31 GPa and a reinforcement efficiency of 893.6. The artificial muscle fabricated using CNT/PBIA fibers exhibits a 34.8% contraction and a 25% lifting of a 2 kg dumbbell, providing a promising paradigm for high-performance organic fibers as high-load smart actuators.

AQP8 promotes glioma proliferation and growth, possibly through the ROS/PTEN/AKT signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND: The aquaporin (AQP) family of proteins has been implicated in the proliferation and growth of gliomas. Expression of AQP8 is higher in human glioma tissues than in normal brain tissues and is positively correlated with the pathological grade of glioma, suggesting that this protein is also involved in the proliferation and growth of glioma. However, the mechanism by which AQP8 promotes the proliferation and growth of glioma remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism and role of abnormal AQP8 expression in glioma development. METHODS: The dCas9-SAM and CRISPR/Cas9 techniques were used to construct viruses with overexpressed and knocked down AQP8, respectively, and infect A172 and U251 cell lines. The effects of AQP8 on the proliferation and growth of glioma and its mechanism via the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level were observed using cell clone, transwell, flow cytometry, Hoechst, western blotting, immunofluorescence, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays. A nude mouse tumor model was also established. RESULTS: Overexpression of AQP8 resulted in an increased number of cell clones and cell proliferation, enhanced cell invasion and migration, decreased apoptosis and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression, and increased phosphorylated serine/threonine protein kinase (p-AKT) expression and ROS level, whereas the AQP8 knockdown groups showed opposite results. In the animal experiments, the AQP8 overexpression group had higher tumor volume and weight, whereas the AQP8 knockdown group had lower tumor volume and weight compared with those parameters measured in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Our results preliminary suggest that AQP8 overexpression alters the ROS/PTEN/AKT signaling pathway, promoting the proliferation, migration, and invasion of gliomas. Therefore, AQP8 may be a potential therapeutic target in gliomas.

Optical Fibers Embedded with As-Grown Carbon Nanotubes for Ultrahigh Nonlinear Optical Responses.

Photonic crystal fiber (PCF) embedded with functional materials has demonstrated diverse applications ranging from ultrafast lasers, optical communication to chemical sensors. Many efforts have been made to fabricating carbon nanotube (CNT) based optical fibers by ex situ transfer method; however, often suffer poor uniformity and coverage. Here, the direct growth of CNTs on the inner walls of PCFs by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method is reported. A two-step growth method is developed to control the narrow diameter distribution of CNTs to ensure desirable nanotube optical transitions. In the as-fabricated CNT- embedded fiber, third-harmonic generation (THG) has been enhanced by ≈15 times compared with flat CNT film on fused silica. A dual-wavelength all-fiber mode-locked ultrafast laser (≈1561 and ≈1064 nm) is further demonstrated by integrating the 1.36±0.15 nm-diameter CNTs into two kinds of photonic bandgap hollow core PCF (named HC-1550 and HC-1060) as saturable absorbers, using their S11 (≈0.7 eV) and S22 (≈1.2 eV) interband transition respectively. The fiber laser shows stable output of ≈10 mW, ≈800 fs pulse width, and ≈71 MHz repetition rate at 1561 nm wavelength. These results can enable the large-scale applications of CNTs in PCF-based optical devices.

Effects of microbial diversity loss on the stability of CO2 production and N2O emission in agricultural soils.

The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem stability is a hot topic in ecology. However, current studies focus mainly on aboveground system with plants, little attention has been paid to belowground system with soils. In this study, we constructed three soil suspensions with varying microbial diversity (100, 10-2, 10-6) by the dilution method and inoculated separately into agricultural Mollisols and Oxisols to examine the stability (indicated by resistance and resilience) of soil CO2 production and N2O emission to copper pollution and heat stress. Results showed that the stability of CO2 production in Mollisols was not influenced by microbial diversity loss, while the resistance and resilience of N2O emission in Mollisols were significantly decreased at the 10-6 diversity. In the Oxisols, the resistance and resilience of N2O emission to copper pollution and heat stress started to decrease even at the 10-2 diversity, and the stability of CO2 production decreased at the 10-6 diversity. These results suggested that both soil types and the identity of soil functions influenced the relationship between microbial diversity and the stability of function. It was concluded that soils with ample nutrients and resistant microbial communities tend to have higher functional stability, and that the fundamental soil functions (e.g., CO2 production) are more resistant and resilient than the specific soil functions (e.g., N2O emission) in response to environmental stress.

Retrospective analysis of 217 fatal intoxication autopsy cases from 2009 to 2021: temporal trends in fatal intoxication at Tongji center for medicolegal expertise, Hubei, China.

This retrospective analysis of fatal intoxication case autopsies was performed at Tongji Center for Medicolegal Expertise in Hubei (TCMEH) from 2009 to 2021 to obtain up-to-date information on intoxication cases. The objective was to describe important data about evolving patterns in intoxication occurrences, enhance public safety policies, and assist forensic examiners and police in more efficient handling of such cases. Analyses based on sex, age, topical exposure routes, toxic agents, and mode of death were performed using 217 records of intoxication cases collected from TCMEH as a sample, and the results were compared with reports previously published (from 1999 to 2008) from this institution. Deaths from intoxications occurred at a higher rate in males than in females and were most common among individuals aged 30-39 years. The most frequent method of exposure was oral ingestion. The causative agents of deadly intoxications have changed when compared to the data from the previous 10 years. For instance, deaths from amphetamine overdoses are becoming more prevalent gradually, whereas deaths due to carbon monoxide and rodenticide intoxication have declined dramatically. In 72 cases, pesticides continued to be the most frequent intoxication cause. A total of 60.4% of the deaths were accidental exposure. Men died from accidents at a higher rate than women, although women were more likely to commit suicide. Particular focus is needed on the use of succinylcholine, cyanide, and paraquat in homicides.

(n, m) Distribution of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Grown from a Non-Magnetic Palladium Catalyst.

Non-magnetic metal nanoparticles have been previously applied for the growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). However, the activation mechanisms of non-magnetic metal catalysts and chirality distribution of synthesized SWNTs remain unclear. In this work, the activation mechanisms of non-magnetic metal palladium (Pd) particles supported by the magnesia carrier and thermodynamic stabilities of nucleated SWNTs with different (n, m) are evaluated by theoretical simulations. The electronic metal-support interaction between Pd and magnesia upshifts the d-band center of Pd, which promotes the chemisorption and dissociation of carbon precursor molecules on the Pd surface, making the activation of magnesia-supported non-magnetic Pd catalysts for SWNT growth possible. To verify the theoretical results, a porous magnesia supported Pd catalyst is developed for the bulk synthesis of SWNTs by chemical vapor deposition. The chirality distribution of Pd-grown SWNTs is understood by operating both Pd-SWNT interfacial formation energy and SWNT growth kinetics. This work not only helps to gain new insights into the activation of catalysts for growing SWNTs, but also extends the use of non-magnetic metal catalysts for bulk synthesis of SWNTs.

Fabrication of foxtail millet prolamin/caseinate/chitosan hydrochloride composite nanoparticles using antisolvent and pH-driven methods for curcumin delivery.

Co-assembled foxtail millet (FP)-sodium casein (NaCas) nanocomplex and NaCas coated FP nanoparticles (NPs) were produced by using pH-cycle and anti-solvent methods, respectively. Subsequently, the effects of chitosan hydrochloride (CHC) coating on the particle size, surface charge and physicochemical stability of the two different FP/NaCas nanoparticles (NPs) were evaluated. With the addition of CHC, the particle size of NaCas coated FP NPs and co-assembled FP-NaCas nanocomplex significantly increased from 128.3 nm and 69.5 nm to 183.5 nm and 113.8 nm, respectively. The stability of the two kinds of CHC coated FP-based NPs to different pH values and varying ionic strengths was different due to their different NP structures. Using different fabrication formulations, co-assembled FP-NaCas NPs entrapped curcumin in relatively hydrophilic microenvironment and showed higher curcumin retention rate in comparison with NaCas coated FP NPs in terms of long-term storage stability. The results revealed that the produced CHC coated FP/NaCas nanocomplexes could be very beneficial in entrapping and delivering bioactive substances.

Research progress on natural guaiane-type sesquiterpenoids and their biological activities / 中国中药杂志

Guaiane-type sesquiterpenoids are a class of terpenoids with [5,7] ring-fused system as the basic skeletal structure composed of three isoprene units, which are substituted by 4,10-dimethyl-7-isopropyl. According to the difference in functional groups and degree of polymerization, they can be divided into simple guaiane-type sesquiterpenoids, sesquiterpene lactones, sesquiterpene dimers, and sesquiterpene trimers. Natural guaiane-type sesquiterpenoids are widely distributed in plants, fungi, and marine organisms, especially in families such as Compositae, Zingiberaceae, Thymelaeaceae, Lamiaceae, and Alismataceae. Guaiane-type sesquiterpenoids have good antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective effects. In this paper, the novel guaiane-type sesquiterpenoids isolated and identified in recent 10 years(2013-2022) and their biological activities were reviewed in order to provide refe-rences for the research and development of guaiane-type sesquiterpenoids.

Advantage analysis of flow-through cell method in quality evaluation of Chinese patent medicine: a case study of Danshen Tablets / 中国中药杂志

To explore the quality consistency evaluation method for multi-component traditional Chinese medicine and establish a dissolution evaluation method suitable for the characteristics of multi-component Chinese patent medicine, this study discussed the characteristics and advantages of the flow-through cell method in the dissolution evaluation of Chinese patent medicine by comparing the impact of the small cup method and the flow-through cell method on the dissolution behavior of water-soluble and lipid-soluble major active components of Danshen Tablets. Dissolution tests were performed using the small cup method as described in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and the newly introduced flow-through cell method(closed-loop method) with water solution containing 0.5% SDS as dissolution medium. Cumulative dissolution curves of the water-soluble component salvianolic acid B and the lipid-soluble component tanshinone Ⅱ_A in Danshen Tablets were plotted, and fitting and similarity analysis of the dissolution models was conducted to identify the characteristics and advantages of the flow-through cell method. For the small cup method, 150 mL of water containing 0.5% SDS was used as the dissolution medium, with a rotation speed of 75 r·min~(-1) and a temperature of(37±0.5) ℃, and 3 mL of samples were taken at 15, 30 min, 1, 2, and 4 h, with fresh dissolution medium added at the same temperature and volume. For the flow-through cell method, a closed-loop system was used. Danshen Tablets were placed in the flow-through cell with approximately 6.7 g of glass beads, and 150 mL of water containing 0.5% SDS was used as the dissolution medium. The flow rate was set at 20 mL·min~(-1), and the temperature and sampling were the same as the small cup method. The results showed that compared with the small cup method, the flow-through cell method had stronger discriminative power and higher sensitivity in distinguishing the dissolution behavior of the two components, and could better reflect the differences in formulation quality, especially for water-insoluble lipid-soluble components. Given that there were no essential differences in the in vitro release kinetics between the two methods, the flow-through cell method could not only replace the traditional small cup method but also better guide the formulation development and identify quality issues of formulations.

Chemical constituents and mechanism of Chuanzhi Tongluo Capsules based on UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS and network pharmacology / 中国中药杂志

The chemical constituents of Chuanzhi Tongluo Capsules were analyzed and identified using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS) to clarify the pharmacological substance basis. In addition, network pharmacology was employed to explore the mechanism of Chuanzhi Tongluo Capsules in the treatment of cerebral infarction. Gradient elution was performed using acetonitrile and 1% acetic acid in water as the mobile phase. Mass spectrometry was performed in positive and negative ion modes. Xcalibur 4.2 software was used for compound analysis, including accurate mass-to-charge ratio and MS/MS fragment information, combined with the comparison of reference standards and literature data. A total of 152 compounds were identified, including 32 organic acids, 35 flavonoids and their glycosides, 33 diterpenes, 13 phthalides, 12 triterpenes and triterpene saponins, 23 nitrogen-containing compounds, and 4 other compounds, and their fragmentation patterns were analyzed. SwissTargetPrediction, GeneCards, DAVID, and other databases were used to predict and analyze the core targets and mechanism of Chuanzhi Tongluo Capsules. Protein-protein interaction(PPI) network topology analysis identified 10 core targets, including TNF, VEGFA, EGFR, IL1B, and CTNNB1. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that Chuanzhi Tongluo Capsules mainly exerted their effects through the regulation of lipid and atherosclerosis, glycoproteins in cancer, MicroRNAs in cancer, fluid shear stress, and atherosclerosis-related pathways. Molecular docking was performed between the key constituents and core targets, and the results demonstrated a strong binding affinity between the key constituents of Chuanzhi Tongluo Capsules and the core targets. This study comprehensively elucidated the chemical constituents of Chuanzhi Tongluo Capsules and explored the core targets and mechanism in the treatment of cerebral infarction based on network pharmacology, providing a scientific reference for the study of the pharmacological substance basis and formulation quality standards of Chuanzhi Tongluo Capsules.

Study on improvement mechanism of caudatin on liver injury in rats / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To investigate the improvement mechanism of caudatin on liver injury of rats. METHODS SD rats were randomly divided into blank group， model group， caudatin low-dose and high-dose groups （25， 50 mg/kg）， with 6 rats in each group. Diethylnitrosamine （DEN） was injected intraperitoneally three times per week for eight weeks to establish liver injury model of rats. At 5th week of modeling， the rats received relevant medicine or 0.5% sodium carboxymethylcellulose intragastrically for 4 weeks. The levels of liver function indexes [alanine transaminase （ALT）， aspartate transaminase （AST）， total protein （TP） and total bilirubin （TBI）] and inflammatory factors [interleukin （IL-6）， tumor necrosis factor α （TNF-α）， IL-1β] in serum were detected； the histopathological morphological changes of rat liver were observed； the positive protein expressions of nuclear factor κB （NF-κB） and 78 kDa glucose regulatory protein （Grp78） in liver tissue were also determined； the expressions of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related protein Grp78， C/EBP homologous protein （CHOP）， activating transcription factor 6 （ATF6） and inositol requiring enzyme 1α （IRE1α） and the level of protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase robertluoyi@126.com （PERK） in liver tissue were detected. RESULTS Compared with blank group， serum levels of ALT， AST， TBI， IL-6， TNF-α and IL-1β and positive expressions of NF-κB and Grp78 in liver tissue as well as protein expressions of Grp78， CHOP， ATF6 and IRE1α， PERK protein phosphorylation level were all increased significantly in model group （P＜0.05）， while the serum level of TP was decreased significantly （P＜0.05）. The disordered structure of liver lobule， swollen liver cells， unclear intercellular boundary were observed and accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltration. Compared with model group， most of the above indexes were significantly reversed in caudatin groups （P＜0.05）； the structure of hepatic lobule was relatively complete and clear， the cells were arranged orderly， and the infiltration of inflammatory cells was also reduced. CONCLUSIONS Caudatin has a significant improvement effect against DEN-induced liver injury in rats， the mechanism of which may be associated with inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammatory reaction.

Effectiveness of arthroscopic autologous iliac bone grafting with double-row elastic fixation for recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation with massive glenoid bone defect / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effectiveness of arthroscopic autologous iliac bone grafting with double-row elastic fixation in treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation combined with massive glenoid bone defects.@*METHODS@#Between January 2018 and December 2021, 16 male patients with recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation combined with massive glenoid bone defects were treated with arthroscopic autogenous iliac bone grafting and double-row elastic fixation. The patients were 14-29 years old at the time of the first dislocation, with an average age of 18.4 years. The causes of the first dislocation included falling injury in 5 cases and sports injury in 11 cases. The shoulders dislocated 4-15 times, with an average of 8.3 times. The patients were 17-37 years old at the time of admission, with an average age of 25.1 years. There were 5 left shoulders and 11 right shoulders. The preoperative instability severity index (ISIS) score of the shoulder joint was 5.8±2.1, and the Beighton score was 4.3±2.6. The University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) score, Constant score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, and Rowe score were used to evaluate shoulder function, and the degree of the glenoid bone defect repair was observed based on CT after operation.@*RESULTS@#All incisions healed by first intention, and no complication such as incision infection or neurovascular injury occurred. The patients were followed up 12 months. At 12 months after operation, UCLA score, Constant score, ASES score, and Rowe score all significantly improved when compared with the scores before operation ( P<0.05). CT imaging showed the degree of glenoid bone defect was significantly smaller at immediate, 6 and 12 months after operation when compared with that before operation ( P<0.05), and the bone blocks healed with the scapula, and bone fusion had occurred at 12 months.@*CONCLUSION@#Arthroscopic autologous iliac bone grafting with double-row elastic fixation is a safe treatment for recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation combined with massive glenoid bone defects, with good short-term effectiveness.