Structure characterization and immunoactivity on dendritic cells of two neutral polysaccharides from Dictyophora rubrovalvata.

Dictyophora rubrovalvata is a valuable fungus homologous to food and medicine, and its polysaccharide have been gaining increasing attention because of its plentiful activity. However, the structure and activity of its homogeneous polysaccharide have not been studied enough. In this study, two polysaccharides DRP-I and DRP-II were purified from D. rubrovalvata. Their structures were characterized by chemical composition, monosaccharide composition analysis, methylation analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results showed that DRP-I and DRP-II were neutral heteropolysaccharides with molecular weights of 5.79 × 103 and 1.25 × 104 Da, respectively, which were composed of mannose, galactose, glucose, xylose and fucose. The main chains were → 6)-α-D-Galp-(1 → 6)-α-D-Galp-(2,1 → 6)-α-D-Manp-(2,1 → 6)-α-D-Galp-(1, and branch chains were ß-D-Xylp-(1 → 3)-α-L-Fucp-(1 → 4)-α-D-Manp-(1 → and α-D-Galp-(1 → 3)-α-D-Galp-(1 → . The in vitro immunoactivity assays on dendritic cells showed that DRP-I and DRP-II could up-regulate the expression of IL-10 and IL-6 and inhibit the expression of TNF-α in a concentration-dependent manner. This research indicated that DRP-I and DRP-II possessed immunoactivity by balancing the excessive inflammation, and molecular weight is an important factor affecting immunoactivity.

Research progress of Gastrodia elata Blume polysaccharides: a review of chemical structures and biological activities.

Gastrodia elata Blume (G. elata), listed as one of the 34 precious Chinese medicines, servers a dual purpose as both a medicinal herb and a food source. Polysaccharide is the main active ingredient in G. elata, which has pharmacological activities such as immune regulation, anti-oxidation, anti-cancer, anti-aging, neuroprotection and antibacterial activity and so on. The biological activities of G. elata polysaccharide (GPs) is closely related to its chemical structures. However, no a review has synthetically summarized the chemical structures and pharmacological activities of GPs. This study delves into the chemical structures, pharmacological action of GPs, offering insights for the future development an application of these compounds.

Gastrodinol derivatives and prenylated flavones from the flower branch of Gastrodia elata.

Based on the research progress and traditional usage with whole herbal of the TCM "Tianma", chemical studies herein on the flower branch of Gastrodia elata were carried out in-depth and got 13 compounds including the gastrodinols (1-4), the flavonoid morins (5-8, 11-12), together with the specialist mulberrofurans (9, 13) and gastrodiamide (10) for the first time from the species. The antibacterial and cholinesterase inhibitory activities were then evaluated and the results showed that compounds 5, 11, 12, 13 have good activity against anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and compounds 9, 13 had good acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. All these results provide new chemical composition for better understanding the traditional application of "Tianma" and for exploring new pharmacological ingredients.

Two new sesquiterpene glycosides from the stems of Dendrobium henanense and their anti-inflammatory activity.

Two new sesquiterpene glycosides, 8α,12,15ß-trihydroxycopacamphan-15-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (1) and dendrobiumane C-11-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (2), along with three known terpenoids (3-5) were isolated from the aerial stems of Dendrobium henanense. Their structures were elucidated based on NMR-spectroscopic and HR-MS analyses. All compounds could reduce the levels of NO, TNF-α and IL-1ß in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells with IC50 values ranging from 10.37 to 34.55 µΜ.