Tsallis Entropy-Based Complexity-IPE Casualty Plane: A Novel Method for Complex Time Series Analysis.

Due to its capacity to unveil the dynamic characteristics of time series data, entropy has attracted growing interest. However, traditional entropy feature extraction methods, such as permutation entropy, fall short in concurrently considering both the absolute amplitude information of signals and the temporal correlation between sample points. Consequently, this limitation leads to inadequate differentiation among different time series and susceptibility to noise interference. In order to augment the discriminative power and noise robustness of entropy features in time series analysis, this paper introduces a novel method called Tsallis entropy-based complexity-improved permutation entropy casualty plane (TC-IPE-CP). TC-IPE-CP adopts a novel symbolization approach that preserves both absolute amplitude information and inter-point correlations within sequences, thereby enhancing feature separability and noise resilience. Additionally, by incorporating Tsallis entropy and weighting the probability distribution with parameter q, it integrates with statistical complexity to establish a feature plane of complexity and entropy, further enriching signal features. Through the integration of multiscale algorithms, a multiscale Tsallis-improved permutation entropy algorithm is also developed. The simulation results indicate that TC-IPE-CP requires a small amount of data, exhibits strong noise resistance, and possesses high separability for signals. When applied to the analysis of heart rate signals, fault diagnosis, and underwater acoustic signal recognition, experimental findings demonstrate that TC-IPE-CP can accurately differentiate between electrocardiographic signals of elderly and young subjects, achieve precise bearing fault diagnosis, and identify four types of underwater targets. Particularly in underwater acoustic signal recognition experiments, TC-IPE-CP achieves a recognition rate of 96.67%, surpassing the well-known multi-scale dispersion entropy and multi-scale permutation entropy by 7.34% and 19.17%, respectively. This suggests that TC-IPE-CP is highly suitable for the analysis of complex time series.

Erratum to: circRNA circSnx12 confers Cisplatin chemoresistance to ovarian cancer by inhibiting ferroptosis through a miR-194-5p/SLC7A11 axis.

[Erratum to: BMB Reports 2023; 56(3): 184-189, PMID: 36617466, PMCID: PMC10068343] The BMB Reports would like to correct in BMB Rep. 56(3): 184-189, titled "circRNA circSnx12 confers Cisplatin chemoresistance to ovarian cancer by inhibiting ferroptosis through a miR-194-5p/SLC7A11 axis". The original version of this article unfortunately contained image error in the Fig. 3. This article has been updated to correct an error in the image in Fig. 3D. The author apologizes for any inconvenience or confusion this error may cause. Author information has been modified in the original PDF version.

Indoor Human Action Recognition Based on Dual Kinect V2 and Improved Ensemble Learning Method.

Indoor human action recognition, essential across various applications, faces significant challenges such as orientation constraints and identification limitations, particularly in systems reliant on non-contact devices. Self-occlusions and non-line of sight (NLOS) situations are important representatives among them. To address these challenges, this paper presents a novel system utilizing dual Kinect V2, enhanced by an advanced Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and sophisticated ensemble learning techniques, tailor-made to handle self-occlusions and NLOS situations. Our main works are as follows: (1) a data-adaptive adjustment mechanism, anchored on localization outcomes, to mitigate self-occlusion in dynamic orientations; (2) the adoption of sophisticated ensemble learning techniques, including a Chirp acoustic signal identification method, based on an optimized fuzzy c-means-AdaBoost algorithm, for improving positioning accuracy in NLOS contexts; and (3) an amalgamation of the Random Forest model and bat algorithm, providing innovative action identification strategies for intricate scenarios. We conduct extensive experiments, and our results show that the proposed system augments human action recognition precision by a substantial 30.25%, surpassing the benchmarks set by current state-of-the-art works.

Erratum to: circRNA circSnx12 confers Cisplatin chemoresistance to ovarian cancer by inhibiting ferroptosis through a miR-194-5p/SLC7A11 axis.

[Erratum to: BMB Reports 2023; 56(3): 184-189, PMID: 36617466, PMCID: PMC10068343] The BMB Reports would like to correct in BMB Rep. 56(3): 184-189, titled "circRNA circSnx12 confers Cisplatin chemoresistance to ovarian cancer by inhibiting ferroptosis through a miR-194-5p/SLC7A11 axis". This research has the wrong affiliation of the authors and number of affiliation. Since author's affiliation is incorrect, this information has now been corrected as follows. Kaiyun Qin1,3,#, Fenghua Zhang2,#, Hongxia Wang1, Na Wang1, Hongbing Qiu4, Xinzhuan Jia1,5, Shan Gong1 & Zhengmao Zhang1,* 1Department of Gynecology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Shijiazhuang 050011, 2Department of Breast & Thyroid Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Hebei Shijiazhuang 050057, 3Department of Gynecology, Hebei General Hospital, Hebei Shijiazhuang 050057, 4Department of Gynecology, Hebei Xingtai People's Hospital, Hebei Shijiazhuang 054001, 5Department of Reproductive Medicine, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Shijiazhuang 050011, China The author apologizes for any inconvenience or confusion this error may cause. Author information has been modified in the original PDF version.

Delay-Aware and Link-Quality-Aware Geographical Routing Protocol for UANET via Dueling Deep Q-Network.

In an unmanned aerial vehicles ad hoc network (UANET), UAVs communicate with each other to accomplish intricate tasks collaboratively and cooperatively. However, the high mobility of UAVs, the variable link quality, and heavy traffic loads can lead to difficulties in finding an optimal communication path. We proposed a delay-aware and link-quality-aware geographical routing protocol for a UANET via the dueling deep Q-network (DLGR-2DQ) to address these problems. Firstly, the link quality was not only related to the physical layer metric, the signal-to-noise ratio, which was influenced by path loss and Doppler shifts, but also the expected transmission count of the data link layer. In addition, we also considered the total waiting time of packets in the candidate forwarding node in order to decrease the end-to-end delay. Then, we modeled the packet-forwarding process as a Markov decision process. We crafted an appropriate reward function that utilized the penalty value for each additional hop, total waiting time, and link quality to accelerate the learning of the dueling DQN algorithm. Finally, the simulation results illustrated that our proposed routing protocol outperformed others in terms of the packet delivery ratio and the average end-to-end delay.

circRNA circSnx12 confers Cisplatin chemoresistance to ovarian cancer by inhibiting ferroptosis through a miR-194-5p/SLC7A11 axis.

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most common gynecological malignancy worldwide, and chemoresistance occurs in most patients, resulting in treatment failure. A better understanding of the molecular processes underlying drug resistance is crucial for development of efficient therapies to improve OC patient outcomes. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) and ferroptosis play crucial roles in tumorigenesis and resistance to chemotherapy. However, little is known about the role(s) of circRNAs in regulating ferroptosis in OC. To gain insights into cisplatin resistance in OC, we studied the ferroptosis-associated circRNA circSnx12. We evaluated circSnx12 expression in OC cell lines and tissues that were susceptible or resistant to cisplatin using quantitative real-time PCR. We also conducted in vitro and in vivo assays examining the function and mechanism of lnc-LBCSs. Knockdown of circSnx12 rendered cisplatin-resistant OC cells more sensitive to cisplatin in vitro and in vivo by activating ferroptosis, which was at least partially abolished by downregulation of miR-194-5p. Molecular mechanics studies indicate that circSnx12 can be a molecular sponge of miR-194-5p, which targets SLC7A11. According to our findings, circSnx12 ameliorates cisplatin resistance by blocking ferroptosis via a miR-194-5p/SLC7A11 pathway. CircARNT2 may thus serve as an effective therapeutic target for overcoming cisplatin resistance in OC. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(3): 184-189].

DDQN with Prioritized Experience Replay-Based Optimized Geographical Routing Protocol of Considering Link Stability and Energy Prediction for UANET.

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are important equipment for efficiently executing search and rescue missions in disaster or air-crash scenarios. Each node can communicate with the others by a routing protocol in UAV ad hoc networks (UANETs). However, UAV routing protocols are faced with the challenges of high mobility and limited node energy, which hugely lead to unstable link and sparse network topology due to premature node death. Eventually, this severely affects network performance. In order to solve these problems, we proposed the deep-reinforcement-learning-based geographical routing protocol of considering link stability and energy prediction (DSEGR) for UANETs. First of all, we came up with the link stability evaluation indicator and utilized the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model to predict the residual energy of neighbor nodes. Then, the packet forward process was modeled as a Markov Decision Process, and according to a deep double Q network with prioritized experience replay to learn the routing-decision process. Meanwhile, a reward function was designed to obtain a better convergence rate, and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to analyze the weights of the considered factors in the reward function. Finally, to verify the effectiveness of DSEGR, we conducted simulation experiments to analyze network performance. The simulation results demonstrate that our proposed routing protocol remarkably outperforms others in packet delivery ratio and has a faster convergence rate.

Joint Design of Colocated MIMO Radar Constant Envelope Waveform and Receive Filter to Reduce SINR Loss.

In this paper, we aim at the problem that MIMO radar's target detection performance is greatly reduced in the complex multi-signal-dependent interferences environment. We propose a joint design method based on semidefinite relaxation (SDR), fractional programming and randomization technique (JD-SFR) and a joint design method based on coordinate descent (JD-CD) to solve the actual transmit waveform and receive filter bank directly to reduce the loss of strong interference to the output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of the radar system. Therefore, the maximization of output SINR is taken as the criterion of the optimization problem. The designed waveforms take into account the radar transmitter's hardware requirements for constant envelope waveforms and impose similarity constraints on the waveforms. JD-SFR uses SDR, fractional programming and randomization technique to deal with the non-convex optimization problems encountered in the solution process. JD-CD transforms the optimization problem into a function of the phase of the waveform and then solves the transmit waveform based on CD. Compared with other methods, the proposed method has lower output SINR loss under strong power interference and forms deep nulls on the direction beampattern of multiple interference sources, which indicates that it has better anti-interference performance.

LDPC-Coded CAP with Spatial Diversity for UVLC Systems over Generalized-Gamma Fading Channel.

In this paper, low-density parity-check (LDPC)-coded carrierless amplitude and phase (CAP) modulation with spatial diversity is proposed to mitigate turbulence-induced fading in an underwater visible-light communication (UVLC) channel. Generalized-gamma (GG) distribution was used to model the fading, as this model is valid for weak- and strong-turbulence regimes. On the basis of the characteristic function (CHF) of GG random variables, we derived an approximated bit-error rate (BER) for the CAP modulation scheme with spatial diversity and equal-gain combining (EGC). Furthermore, we simulated the performance of the CAP system with diversity and LDPC for various turbulence conditions and validated the analysis. Obtained results showed that the combination of LDPC and spatial diversity is effective in mitigating turbulence-induced fading, especially when turbulence strength is strong.

Wireless Sensor Networks for Noise Measurement and Acoustic Event Recognitions in Urban Environments.

Nowadays, urban noise emerges as a distinct threat to people's physiological and psychological health. Previous works mainly focus on the measurement and mapping of the noise by using Wireless Acoustic Sensor Networks (WASNs) and further propose some methods that can effectively reduce the noise pollution in urban environments. In addition, the research on the combination of environmental noise measurement and acoustic events recognition are rapidly progressing. In a real-life application, there still exists the challenges on the hardware design with enough computational capacity, the reduction of data amount with a reasonable method, the acoustic recognition with CNNs, and the deployment for the long-term outdoor monitoring. In this paper, we develop a novel system that utilizes the WASNs to monitor the urban noise and recognize acoustic events with a high performance. Specifically, the proposed system mainly includes the following three stages: (1) We used multiple sensor nodes that are equipped with various hardware devices and performed with assorted signal processing methods to capture noise levels and audio data; (2) the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) take such captured data as inputs and classify them into different labels such as car horn, shout, crash, explosion; (3) we design a monitoring platform to visualize noise maps, acoustic event information, and noise statistics. Most importantly, we consider how to design effective sensor nodes in terms of cost, data transmission, and outdoor deployment. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system can measure the urban noise and recognize acoustic events with a high performance in real-life scenarios.

Indoor Pedestrian Self-Positioning Based on Image Acoustic Source Impulse Using a Sensor-Rich Smartphone.

The ubiquity of sensor-rich smartphones provides opportunities for a low-cost method to track indoor pedestrians. In this situation, pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) is a widely used technology; however, its cumulative error seriously affects its accuracy. This paper presents a method of combining infrastructure-free indoor acoustic self-positioning with PDR self-positioning, which verifies the rationality of PDR results through the acoustic constraint between a sound source and its image sources. We further determine the first-order echo delay measurements, thus obtaining the mobile user position. We verify that the proposed method can achieve a continuous self-positioning median error of 0.19 m, and the error probability below 0.12 m is 54.46%, which indicates its ability to eliminate PDR error, as well as its adaptability to environmental disturbances.

An Enhanced Paradigm for Cognitive Cooperation Networks: Two-to-One Energy and Spectrum Dual-Cooperation.

In this paper, two-to-one energy and spectrum dual-cooperation (ESDC) is investigated for cognitive cooperation networks. Specifically, the energy and spectrum of two primary users (PUs) are both transferred or authorized to one multi-antenna secondary user (SU) in exchange for its aid in the signal relaying to guarantee the successful data transmission, whilst the SU, which originally owns no spectrum access privilege and limited energy storage, is also able to concurrently transmit its own data through spatial multiplexing. Moreover, network-coding is also adopted to further compress the data size and hence reduce the power consumption at SU. The formulated problem for the aforementioned two-to-one ESDC model is non-convex and intractable to solve directly. To solve the problem effectively, the Lagrangian dual methods plus fixed-point iteration methods and semidefinite relation methods are employed, and the optimal solution could be achieved through iterative optimization. Simulation results show that, compared with the traditional spectrum-only cooperation, the proposed two-to-one ESDC paradigms can greatly improve the successful transmission probability for PUs and achievable transmission rate for SU. Meanwhile, the proposed two-to-one dual-cooperation modes are significantly superior to the one-to-one cooperation mode, in terms of spectrum efficiency and energy efficiency.

Soluble CD40 ligands sensitize the epithelial ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin treatment.

OBJECTIVE: CD154 (CD40L) is a protein that is primarily expressed on activated T cells and is a member of the TNF superfamily of molecules. It binds to CD40 on antigen-presenting cells (APC), which leads to many effects depending on the target cell type. Being an activator of immune cells, CD40L has also been shown to directly induce apoptosis in tumor cells by multiple mechanisms. To understand the role of sCD40L in regulating the proliferation of epithelial ovarian cancer cells treated or untreated with cisplatin. METHODS: Epithelial ovarian cancer cells: SKOV3 and its cisplatin-resistant strain SKOV3/DDP cells were used to test the effect of sCD40L and cisplatin. The proliferation of SKOV3 and SKOV3/DDP cells were measured by MTT. Cell cycle was assessed by flow cytometry. The mRNA expressions of targeted genes were detected by qRT-PCR. The protein expressions were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS: sCD40L showed a significant dose-dependence inhibitory effect on the proliferation of ovarian cancer cell lines. sCD40L in combination with cisplatin could sensitized SKOV3/DDP cells to cisplatin treatment and reversed the drug resistance of SKOV3/DDP cells. The reversal ratios of 1 µg/ml sCD40L combined with cisplatin in SKOV3 and SKOV3/DDP cells were 2.11, 2.71, while the reversal ratios of 2 µg/ml sCD40L combined with cisplatin in SKOV3 and SKOV3/DDP cells were 3.78, 5.20, respectively. sCD40L or sCD40L combined cisplatin increased tumor cells in G0/G1 phase. sCD40L in combination with cisplatin decreased the expression levels of GST-π, LRP, Survivin, p53 and Bcl-2 in both epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines. The protein expression level of GST-π, LRP and P53 protein was also decreased upon sCD40L in combination with cisplatin although the expression level of Bcl-2 and survivin protein had no significant difference. CONCLUSION: sCD40L inhibits the proliferation of SKOV3 and SKOV3/DDP cells. The combined application of sCD40L and cisplatin can strength the inhibitory effect of cisplatin, and to a certain extent, reversing the resistance to cisplatin in SKOV3/DDP cells. sCD40L could lead a cell block in G0/G1 phase and make the cell growth restrained. sCD40L could induce SKOV3 and SKOV3/DDP cells apoptosis and reverse drug resistance through cutting GST-π mRNA, LRP mRNA, survivin mRNA, p53 mRNA and Bcl-2 mRNA and decreasing the expression of GST-π, LRP and P53 protein in SKOV3 and SKOV3/DDP cells, which provides in-vivo experiment basis to the application of sCD40L as a drug improving ovarian cancer cells sensitivity to cisplatin.

Reversing drug resistance of cisplatin by hsp90 inhibitors in human ovarian cancer cells.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanisms for reversing drug resistance of cisplatin (DDP) by Hsp90 inhibitors (geldanamycin (GA), 17-AAG, 17-DMAG) in human ovarian cancer. METHODS: Cell proliferation rate in DDP resistant human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3/DDP and its parent cell line SKOV3 after treatment with Hsp90 inhibitors and/or DDP were tested by MTT assay, and the reversing fold (RF) of DDP by Hsp90 inhibitors was calculated. Cell cycle and cell apoptosis status after treatment were analyzed by flow cytometry. The expression of multiple drug resistance related genes was analyzed by RT-PCR and Western-blot. RESULTS: All three tested Hsp90 inhibitors synergistically inhibited the cell proliferation of SKOV3 with DDP and enhanced the sensitivity of SKOV3/DDP cells to DDP. The RF of DDP by Hsp90 inhibitors were all more than two fold. GA caused cell cycle arrest in G2/M phasein SKOV3 cells. 17-AAG increased cell apoptosis but did not change cell cycle in SKOV3/DDP cells. The mRNA and protein expression levels of various drug resistant related genes including LRP, GST-π, p53, bcl-2, survivin, ERCC1, XRCC1, BRCA1 and BRCA2 were more dramatically altered by Hsp90 inhibitors and DDP in combination compared to Hsp90 inhibitors or DDP treatment alone. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure of SKOV3/DDP cells to Hsp90 inhibitors and DDP in combination results in synergistic cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects. Hsp90 inhibitors reverse the drug resistance of SKOV3/DDP cells to DDP by modifying the expression of multiple drug resistance related genes.

The clinicopathologic significance of the loss of BAF250a (ARID1A) expression in endometrial carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: AT-rich interactive domain 1A (ARID1A) is a tumor suppressor gene that encodes the BAF250a protein. Recent studies have shown the loss of ARID1A expression in several types of tumors. We aimed to investigate the clinical and pathologic role of BAF250a in endometrial carcinoma. METHODS: We examined the expression of BAF250a and its correlation with the expression of p53, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, glucocorticoid receptor, hypoxiainduciblefactor-1α, and vascular endothelial growth factor in normal and various malignant endometrial tissues. RESULTS: The expression of BAF250 was significantly down-regulated in endometrial carcinoma when compared with normal endometrial tissues. The loss of BAF250a expression was found in 25% of endometrial carcinoma samples but not in normal endometrial tissues, complex endometrial hyperplasia, and atypical endometrial hyperplasia samples. Subtypes of endometrial carcinoma, especially uterine endometrioid carcinoma and uterine clear cell carcinoma, had higher frequency of loss of BAF250a expression. In addition, the expression of BAF250a was positively correlated with estrogen receptor and negatively correlated with p53 in poorly differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma. Moreover, the expression of BAF250a was significantly associated with the differentiation status of endometrial carcinoma but not associated with clinical stage, the depth of myometrial invasion, lymph node metastasis, and overall survival of patients with endometrial carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: Our data showed that loss of BAF250a is frequently found in high-grade endometrioid and clear cell carcinomas but not in other types of endometrial carcinoma. The loss of BAF250a expression does not have prognostic value for endometrial carcinoma.