[Study of the prognostic implications in patients with a transient ischaemic attack before the implementation of an agreed process of treatment in the health region of Lleida]. / Estudio de las implicaciones pronósticas del paciente con ataque isquémico transitorio antes de la implantación de un proceso consensuado de tratamiento en la región sanitaria de Lleida.

AIM: The transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a medical emergency because of their high risk of early recurrence. We study the evolution and management of patients with a TIA in our hospital before establishing a process management and treatment of this condition. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We included 180 consecutive patients with suspected TIA attended in the emergency department of our hospital between January 2006 and March 2007. We collected clinical variables (risk factors, age, clinical symptoms, duration, ABCD2). Cases were reviewed by two neurologists to establish the correlation with the diagnosis. We established the risk of cerebral infarction after one year follow-up. RESULTS: 31% of patients were discharged home. There were differences between the two groups regarding age (82.9 Y 7.5 vs 70.53 Y 10.7 years); ABCD2 scale score (1.5 Y 5.32 vs 4.44 Y 1.37); and atrial fibrillation (27.5% vs 8.6%). There was much greater delay and lack of complementary explorations. During follow-up, 23% of patients not hospitalized had recurrent stroke versus 6.7% of hospitalized patients. Despite the fact that only age more than 80 years was identified as predictor of stroke recurrence (hazard ratio = 8,72; 95% CI = 2.4-31.74; p = 0.001) in regression multivariate model, the Kaplan-Meier model showed a higher risk of stroke recurrence among not admitted patients (p = 0.012). CONCLUSION: In our area, the management of TIA patients in the emergency room had high impact on the evolution of these patients. A process management should be performed in order to achieve improvement in clinical praxis.

Estudio de las implicaciones pronósticas del paciente con ataque isquémico transitorio antes de la implantación de un proceso consensuado de tratamiento en la región sanitaria de Lleida / Study of the prognostic implications in patients with a transient ischaemic attack before the implementation of an agreed process of treatment in the health region of Lleida

Objetivo. Conocer la realidad del manejo y evolución de los pacientes con un ataque isquémico transitorio (AIT) en nuestro centro antes de instaurar un proceso de tratamiento de esta patología. Pacientes y métodos. Estudiamos a 180 pacientes consecutivos que acudieron a urgencias de nuestro centro (entre enero de 2006 y marzo de 2007). Los casos fueron revisados por dos neurólogos para establecer la concordancia con el diagnóstico. Se estableció el riesgo de infarto cerebral tras un seguimiento de un año. Resultados. Hubo discordancia en el diagnóstico de AIT en 40 casos. Un 31% de los pacientes fue dado de alta a su domicilio desde urgencias. Al comparar éstos con los que ingresaron en el servicio de neurología, se observan diferencias en la edad (82,9 ± 7,5 frente a 70,53 ± 10,7 años), puntuación en la escala ABCD2 (5,32 ± 1,5 frente a 4,44 ± 1,37) y fibrilación auricular (27,5% frente a 8,6%). Asimismo, el tiempo para realizar el estudio etiológico fue mucho mayor y el número de exploraciones complementarias mucho menor. Al cabo de un año, el 23% de estos pacientes sufrió un infarto cerebral, por sólo el 6,7% de los hospitalizados en planta en neurología. Pese a que sólo la edad superior a 80 años se comportó como único predictor de recurrencia (razón de riesgo = 8,72; intervalo de confianza al 95% = 2,4-31,74; p = 0,001), el modelo de Kaplan-Meier demuestra la peor evolución del paciente no ingresado (p = 0,012). Conclusión. En nuestra zona, el alta domiciliaria desde urgencias tiene repercusión sobre el peor estudio etiológico y la evolución del enfermo. Se debe establecer un proceso de manejo del AIT consensuado para asegurar el diagnóstico y tratamiento adecuados (AU)

Aim. The transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a medical emergency because of their high risk of early recurrence. We study the evolution and management of patients with a TIA in our hospital before establishing a process management and treatment of this condition. Patients and methods. We included 180 consecutive patients with suspected TIA attended in the emergency department of our hospital between January 2006 and March 2007. We collected clinical variables (risk factors, age, clinical symptoms, duration, ABCD2). Cases were reviewed by two neurologists to establish the correlation with the diagnosis. We established the risk of cerebral infarction after one year follow-up. Results. 31% of patients were discharged home. There were differences between the two groups regarding age (82.9 ± 7.5 vs 70.53 ± 10.7 years); ABCD2 scale score (1.5 ± 5.32 vs 4.44 ± 1.37); and atrial fibrillation (27.5% vs 8.6%). There was much greater delay and lack of complementary explorations. During follow-up, 23% of patients not hospitalized had recurrent stroke versus 6.7% of hospitalized patients. Despite the fact that only age more than 80 years was identified as predictor of stroke recurrence (hazard ratio = 8,72; 95% CI = 2.4-31.74; p = 0.001) in regression multivariate model, the Kaplan-Meier model showed a higher risk of stroke recurrence among not admitted patients (p = 0.012). Conclusion. In our area, the management of TIA patients in the emergency room had high impact on the evolution of these patients. A process management should be performed in order to achieve improvement in clinical praxis (AU)

[Paraneoplasic cerebellar degeneration as a presentation of breast cancer recurrence]. / Degeneración cerebelosa paraneoplasica como presentación de una recidiva de carcinoma de mama.

Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) is a rare condition which is characterised by global cerebellar dysfunction. Patients may present with these syndromes months or years before the diagnosis of underlying malignancy is established. Less often, PCD occurs in patients with a known malignancy or heralds the onset of a recurrence. The presence of specific antibodies in serum simples helps to guide identification the occult malignancy. We report here the case of a PCD in 74-year-old lady underwent a left mastectomy for breast cancer 5 years ago. She remained well until now. The diagnosis of the primary tumor, that is clinically undetectable with conventional imaging processes, is preformed with the aid of positron mission tomography (PET) to detect the presence of abdominal lymph node metastases. We briefly review the clinical and laboratory features of this syndrome, and emphasize the importance of its prompt recognition, which many times makes possible the early detection and treatment of the primary disorder.

Degeneración cerebelosa paraneoplásica como presentación de una recidiva de carcinoma de mama / Paraneoplatic cerebellar degeneration as a presentation of breast cancer recurrence

La degeneración cerebelosa paraneoplasica (DCP) es un síndrome paraneoplásico poco frecuente que se caracteriza por disfunción cerebelosa global. La DCP a menudo precede meses o años a una neoplasia potencialmente curable, con menos frecuencia ocurre en pacientes con neoplasia conocida o indica recurrencia. La presencia de anticuerpos específicos en suero ayuda a guiar la identificación de una neoplasia oculta. Comunicamos el caso de una paciente de 74 años que presentó disfunción cerebelosa. Había sido diagnosticada de carcinoma ductal de mama hacia 5 años, permaneciendo asintomática hasta entonces. Con la pruebas de imagen convencionales no fue posible detectar recidiva tumoral, el diagnóstico se realizó con la ayuda de la tomografía con emisión de positrones que detectó adenopatías abdominales. Revisamos brevemente las características clínicas de este síndrome, remarcando la importancia de un rápido reconocimiento del síndrome, que en muchas ocasiones permite una rápida detección y tratamiento de la enfermedad primaria

Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) is a rare condition which is characterised by global cerebellar dysfunction. Patients may present with these syndromes months or years before the diagnosis of underlying malignancy is established. Less often, PCD occurs in patients with a known malignancy or heralds the onset of a recurrence. The presence of specific antibodies in serum simples helps to guide identification the occult malignancy. We report here the case of a PCD in 74-year-old lady underwent a left mastectomy for breast cancer 5 years ago. She remained well until now. The diagnosis of the primary tumor, that is clinically undetectable with conventional imaging processes, is preformed with the aid of positron mission tomography (PET) to detect the presence of abdominal lymph node metastases. We briefly review the clinical and laboratory features of this syndrome, and emphasize the importance of its prompt recognition, which many times makes possible the early detection and treatment of the primary disorder

Auras migrañosas sin cefalea in crescendo y síndrome oculocerebral como presentación de un mixoma auricular / Migrainous auras without cephalalgia in crescendo and optico-cerebral syndrome as clinical presentation of an atrial myxoma

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