Tratamiento laparoscópico de la obstrucción intestinal por bridas / Laparoscopic treatment of adhesive small bowel obstruction

Background: Treatment options for adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO) involve conservative and surgical management, traditionally through open adhesiolysis. Laparoscopic approach has been performed in recent years; however, limited data exist on its safety and results vary considerably. Our aim is to report our experience of laparoscopic treatment for ASBO. Methods: Retrospective study including patients admitted with the diagnosis of adhesive small bowel obstruction and that were submitted to laparoscopic exploration, between June 2003 and April 2013. We analyzed demographic, surgical variables and outcomes in terms of conversion rate, operative time, re-feeding time and length of stay. Non-parametric tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: Series of 38 patients submitted to laparoscopic exploration, mean age: 51 +/- 16 years, 47 percent male. 53 percent had prior intra-abdominal surgeries. Laparoscopic resolution of bowel obstruction was possible in 31 patients (82 percent), with 7 conversions to open surgery. Median operative time was 60 (25-180) minutes, median re-feeding time was 24 (24-192) hours and median length of stay was 4 (2-52) days. Two patients required re-intervention during their hospital stay, one due to persistent bowel obstruction and one due to ischemic colitis. There were no other complications or mortality. Conclusions: Laparoscopy in adhesive small bowel obstruction was a feasible approach in this series, with good results when laparoscopic resolution is achieved. Patients with no prior surgeries seem to be good candidates for this approach.

Introducción: El tratamiento de la Obstrucción Intestinal por Bridas (OIB) incluye alternativas conservadoras y quirúrgicas, esta última tradicionalmente a través de cirugía abierta. El abordaje laparoscópico ha sido incorporado recientemente, sin embargo, existe información limitada sobre su seguridad y sus resultados varían considerablemente. Nuestro objetivo es presentar la experiencia de nuestro centro en el tratamiento laparoscópico de la OIB. Material y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo incluyendo pacientes con el diagnóstico de OIB que fueron sometidos a cirugía laparoscópica en nuestro centro, entre junio de 2003 y abril de 2013. Análisis de variables demográficas, quirúrgicas y resultados obtenidos en términos de tasa de conversión, tiempo operatorio, tiempo de realimentación y estadía hospitalaria. Análisis estadístico con pruebas no paramétricas. Resultados: Serie de 38 pacientes, edad promedio: 51 +/- 16 años, 47 por ciento sexo masculino. 53 por ciento con antecedente de cirugía abdominal previa. Resolución completa por laparoscopía fue posible en 31 pacientes (82 por ciento), con 7 conversiones a cirugía abierta. La mediana de tiempo operatorio fue de 60 m (25-180), la mediana de tiempo a la realimentación fue de 24 h (24-192) y la mediana de estadía hospitalaria de 4 (2-52) días. Dos pacientes requirieron reoperaciones durante su hospitalización; uno debido a obstrucción intestinal persistente y otro debido a colitis isquémica. No se presentaron otras complicaciones ni mortalidad en esta serie. Conclusiones: El abordaje laparoscópico en OIB es factible de realizar en pacientes seleccionados, logrando buenos resultados en caso de resolución completa por laparoscopía. Pacientes sin cirugías abdominales previas son buenos candidatos para un abordaje laparoscópico inicial.

[Monitoring indicators of the program "Chile Grows with You" 2008-2011]. / Monitoreo de los indicadores del Programa "Chile Crece Contigo" 2008-2011.

OBJECTIVE: To monitor coverage and outcomes associated with the activities of the integrated protection system for early childhood Chile Grows with You (CHCC), which includes the comprehensive psychosocial development of children between 18 months and 3 years old, in each of the 29 Health Services of the country, as well as the changes observed after 4 years. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Database analysis of all local public networks in the country between 2008 and 2011 was performed. The application of the test regarding psychomotor development, prevalence of development delay and risk, participation of mothers in educational workshops, home visits and recovery rate of deficient children by age were studied. Median and observed changes of each indicator were analyzed developing a ranking based on the results observed. RESULTS: Approximately 75% of children were evaluated, with a prevalence of delay or risk of about 5% and a rate of recovery close to 50%. The participation of mothers in educational workshops increased from 7.6 to 11.0% (p<0.001) and home visits to developmentally delayed children increased 6 times between 2009 and 2011 (p<0.001). Most changes were positive, although the prevalence of developmentally delayed children under 2 years slightly increased (0.6%), and the recovery of 3 year olds decreased (-14.4%). A great variability was observed among the Health Services. CONCLUSIONS: There are some positive results in relation to psychomotor development, with significant regional differences. A lower than expected deficit rate regarding psychomotor development was observed, which implies the need to further analyze the instrument used or the conditions of application.

Prediction of early and late pre-eclampsia from maternal characteristics, uterine artery Doppler and markers of vasculogenesis during first trimester of pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a predictive model for pre-eclampsia using clinical, biochemical and ultrasound markers during the first trimester of pregnancy. METHODS: This was a nested case-control study within a pre-eclampsia screening project that involved 5367 asymptomatic pregnant women undergoing routine transvaginal uterine artery (UtA) Doppler at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks. Following exclusions, there were 70 pregnant women who later developed pre-eclampsia and 289 control patients enrolled during the first trimester who had serum or plasma samples taken at enrolment available for the purposes of this study. Of these, 17 pregnancies were diagnosed with early-onset (delivery < 34 weeks) pre-eclampsia and 53 with late-onset (delivery ≥ 34 weeks) pre-eclampsia. The lowest, highest and mean of left and right UtA pulsatility indices (PI) were calculated. Blood samples were stored at -84 °C until biochemical analysis for markers of vasculogenesis was performed. The distributions of the lowest UtA-PI and the biochemical markers were adjusted for maternal characteristics, expressed as multiples of the median (MoM), and compared between groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate if any variable was significantly associated with pre-eclampsia. RESULTS: Pregnancies that later developed pre-eclampsia were associated with higher maternal prepregnancy body mass index. An increased lowest UtA-PI was significantly associated with both early- and late-onset disease. Placental growth factor (PlGF) MoM was significantly reduced in women who later developed early- or late-onset pre-eclampsia compared with controls (median (interquartile range), 0.69 (0.33-1.46) and 1.10 (0.39-1.56), respectively, vs 1.19 (0.65-1.84), P < 0.05). Different combined models were generated by logistic regression analysis, and the detection rate with a fixed 10% false-positive rate was 47% and 29% for early- and late-onset pre-eclampsia, respectively. CONCLUSION: Pregnancies that later developed early or late pre-eclampsia were characterized by impaired placentation and an anti-angiogenic state during the first trimester of pregnancy. Regression models which include maternal characteristics, UtA Doppler and PlGF can apparently predict approximately half of pregnancies that will be complicated by early-onset pre-eclampsia. We believe more research in several areas is needed to aid in the creation of a better and more population-specific screening test for pre-eclampsia during the first trimester of pregnancy.

Association of CD28 IVS3 +17T/C polymorphism with soluble CD28 in rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology in which inflammatory pathology involves T cell activation and the CD28 costimulatory molecule involved in T cell presentation. The gene includes the CD28 IVS3 +17T/C polymorphism that could be associated with susceptibility to RA whereas the soluble concentrations of CD28 (sCD28) could be related to clinical activity. METHODS: We investigated the CD28 IVS3 +17T/C polymorphism in 200 RA patients and 200 healthy subjects (HS). Furthermore, we quantified the sCD28 concentrations in 77 samples of each group. We applied indexes focused to determine the activity and disability (DAS28 and Spanish HAQ-DI, respectively) in RA patients. RESULTS: RA patients had significantly higher frequencies of the CD28 T allele compared to HS (p = 0.032 OR = 1.59, C.I. 1.02-2.49). In addition, the IVS3 +17 T/T genotype frequency was also increased in RA vs. HS (p = 0.026). The RA patients showed higher sCD28 serum levels than HS (p = 0.001). Carriers of the T/T genotype in RA patients showed higher sCD28 levels than C/C carriers (p =0.047). In addition, a correlation between sCD28 and Spanish HAQ-DI (correlation, 0.272; p =0.016), was found. CONCLUSION: The T allele in CD28 IVS3 +17T/C polymorphism is associated with a susceptibility to RA in Western Mexico. In addition, increased sCD28 levels are related to T/T genotype in RA patients.

Micetoma por Actinomadura madurae en el pie: reporte de un caso en Chile / Actinomadura madurae mycetoma of the foot: report of one case

Mycetoma is a chronic infection that affects skin, subcutaneous tissue and bone. Its etiology can be mycotic or bacterial. It affects mainly the lower extremities ofmiddie age men livingin tropical climates. We repon a 44 year-old male ¡ivingin a template zone, consulting for swelling and pain in the left foot, lasting for 10 years. Physical examination showed a swollen left foot with hyperpigmented skin and a few crustedpapules. Radiology showed an extensive bone involvement of the midfoot with several oval and radiolucid images. Magnetic resonance showed son and bone tissue involvement, with múltiple oval and low intensity images in TI and T2. The biopsy was compatible with an unspecific chronic osteomyelitis. A bacterial identification by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing in the biopsy determined the presence of an Actinomadura madurae. Treatment with cotrimoxazol was started).

Nefrectomía parcial laparoscópica: nuestra experiencia inicial / Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy: initial experience

La nefrectomía parcial por laparoscopia es una de las opciones de tratamiento conservador de nefronasutilizada en urología. Es una técnica quirúrgica compleja, que se asocia a mayores riesgos de complicacionesen omparación a otras de las técnicas urológicas. Nuestro objetivo fue revisar la serie, la técnica, las complicaciones operatorias y los resultados oncológicos en nuestra experiencia inicial denefrectomía parcial laparoscópica.Se consignan características epidemiológicas de los pacientes, detalles de la técnica quirúrgica,características de los tumores y resultados anátomo-patológicos de las 26 intervenciones realizadas.No hubo conversión de la técnica en esta revisión y 4 pacientes presentaron complicaciones post operatorias. La biopsia intraoperatoria resultó con bordes negativos en todos los pacientes.Palabras claves: Tumor renal, cirugía renal conservadora, laparoscopia.

Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy is an option of nephron sparing surgery used in urology. It is a complex surgical procedure, which is associated with increased risk of complications compared to other techniques urological. Our objective was to review the series, the technique, the operative complications and oncologic results in our initial experience of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. We analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of patients, details of surgical technique, characteristics of the tumors and surgical pathology results of 26 surgeries. There was no conversion, but 4 patients had post-operative complications. Intraoperative biopsy was negative in all patients.

Plastia de Lapidus en el tratamiento quirúrgico del quinto ortejo supra aducto / Lapidus procedure for treatment of overlapped fifth toe

The varus fifth toe pathology, in spite of its relative frequency and clinical relevance, has been barely studied in relation to the treatment results. 28 overlapped fifth toes operated according to the Lapidus Technique were evaluated retrospectively, corresponding to 17 patients, age average 28 years, opered since year2003. The minimum follow up time was 6 months. The surgical technique consisted on a dorsal approach in "italic s" on the 5° metatarsophalangic joint, capsulotomy and transference of the EDL to the digiti quinti abductor. Preoperative Hallux Metatarsophalangeal-lnterphalangeal AOFAS Scale average was 88,1 and varied to 99,4 points to the six months of pursuit. 100% of the patients showed complete satisfaction with the result. Only 2 patients presented minor postoperative complications (wound infection and dehiscence), which were handled ambulatory. Lapidus Procedure is a safe procedure and effective in the correction of overlapping fifth toe.

La patología del 5° ortejo varo, a pesar de su relativa frecuencia y relevancia clínica ha sido escasamente estudiada en relación a los resultados de tratamiento. Se evaluaron retrospectivamente 28 quintos ortejos supra aducto flexibles operados según la técnica de Lapidus, correspondientes a 17 pacientes, edad promedio 28 años, operados desde el año 2003. El seguimiento mínimo fue de 6 meses. La técnica quirúrgica consistió en abordaje dorsal en "s" itálica sobre la 5° articulación metatarsofalángica, capsulotomía y transferencia del EDL al abductor digiti quinti. El promedio de la Escala AOFAS para antepie preoperatoria fue de 88,1 y varió a 99,4 puntos a los seis meses de seguimiento. 100 por ciento pacientes mostraron satisfacción completa con el resultado. Sólo 2 pacientes presentaron complicaciones menores posoperatorias (infección de la herida y dehiscencia) que se manejaron ambulatoriamente. La plastia de Lapidus es un procedimiento seguro y eficaz en la corrección del quinto ortejo varo flexible.

Disecciones cervicales: serie de casos / Neck dissections: cases serial

Se analizan las fichas de 55 enfermos (60 por ciento mujeres y 40 por ciento hombres) sometidos a un total de 63 disecciones cervicales en un lapso de 10 años. Las indicaciones principales fueron cáncer de tiroides (49 por ciento) y cáncer epidermoide (25,5 por ciento). En 47 enfermos la disección fue unilateral (85,5 por ciento) y en 8 (73,6 por ciento). De acuerdo a la extensión la disección fue clasificada como radical en 36 casos (57,2 por ciento), selectiva en 26 (41,3 por ciento) y limitada en 1 (1,5 por ciento). Las estructuras más frecuentemente conservadas en las disecciones modificadas fueron el nervio espinal y músculo esternocleidomastoideo (ECM). Complicaciones intraoperatorias se vieron en 4 enfermos (6,34 por ciento) y postoperatorias en 10 (18,1 por ciento). La moratalidad operatoria fue 3,6 por ciento

Osteogénesis imperfecta: diagnóstico prenatal / Osteogenesis imperfecta: prenatal diagnosis

Se presenta un caso clínico de osteogénesis imperfecta diagnosticado ecográficamente a las 35 semanas de gestación. Los elementos básicos del diagnóstico fueron la deformación y acortamiento del fémur, signos de fracturas costales y menor densidad ósea. Se interrumpe embarazo a las 38 semanas con operación cesárea, corroborándose el diagnóstico prenatal con estudios radiológicos postnatales

Mortalidad infantil: analisis de tendencias recientes e identificación de regiones y causas de riesgo mayor / Infant mortality: recient trends, regions and higher risk causes of death

Entre 1984 y 1986 la tasa de mortalidad infantil (TMI) chilena se ha estabilizado entre 19,4 y 19,6. Analizando investigaciones y cifras oficiales de 1982-85 el trabajo identifica regiones de mayor riesgo y causas de muerte en ascenso o con mayorías débiles para discutir niveles teóricos, alcanzables por la TMI. Cada año, 7 u 8 regiones superan el valor nacional de TMI. Cuatro de ellas (VIII, IX, X y XI) tienen, constantemente, mayor tasa y conforman un área de riesgo donde nacen el 27% de los niños chilenos. Nivelar el país al valor regional más bajo de TMI (XII Región: 12,6) ahorraría 1971 muertes, siendo el aporte mayor el de la VIII Región (27,7%). La IX y X contribuirían con más del 10% cada una. Las causas de muerte descendentes son diarreas, desnutrición y complicaciones del embarazo y parto. Se elevan las respiratórias, prevenibles por inmunización y la prematurez. Haber mantenido los niveles más bajos observados en el período 82-85 habría significado, en 1985, una TMI nacional de 17,6. La prematurez habría contribuido con un 58,8% de la reducción y las respiratorias con un 22,7%. Se concluye que la macroregión VIII a XI es un área de riesgo mayor y que la TMI de 1985 no debería ser superior a 17,6

Algunas consideraciones sobre la salud física de la mujer chilena / Some considerations on the physical health of chilean women

Basándose en datos de investigaciones recientes y en informaciones oficiales se analiza y presenta la evolución de algunos indicadores de salud de la mujer chilena en los últimos veinte años. Se dan cifras de mortalidad materna, por aborto, por cánceres del cérvix y de mama, comentando sus factores asociados. Se recopila, además, información sobre la presencia de infecciones genitales, principal causa de consulta ginecológica. Dado el aumento porcentual de los embarazos de la adolescencia en los últimos años se entregan cifras y se discuten sus implicaciones médico-sociales. Finalmente, se comenta la evolución del estado nutritivo de la embarazada entre 1981 y 1984, mencionando sus riesgos biológicos y enfatizando que en relación a la nutrición de las nodrizas la escasa información disponible revela que un alto porcentaje de ellas consume una dieta claramente insuficiente