Efectos de la exposición de los adolescentes a la violencia en la comunidad: el proyecto MORE / Effects of youth’s exposure to community violence: The MORE project

La investigación sobre la exposición a la violencia crónica en la comunidad se centra en las minorías étnicas y en los colectivos más pobres y azotados por la delincuencia, mientras que los programas de tratamiento y prevención se centran en los perpetradores de la violencia, y no en los adolescentes, que son sus víctimas directas o indirectas. Las intervenciones de tratamiento y prevención en el ámbito escolar son necesarias en el caso de menores con un alto riesgo de exposición a la violencia en su comunidad. En este trabajo se describe el proyecto Multiple Opportunities to Reach Excellence (MORE), un estudio epidemiológico longitudinal centrado en las comunidades y que ha sido puesto en práctica en la actualidad para comprender mejor el impacto de la exposición a la violencia crónica en el vecindario sobre el funcionamiento emocional, conductual, de consumo de drogas y académico de los menores y adolescentes, con el objetivo último de identificar los factores maleables de riesgo y protección en los que se puede incidir mediante programas de prevención e intervención (AU)

Research on chronic community violence exposure focuses on ethnic minority, impoverished, and crime-ridden communities while treatment and prevention focuses on the perpetrators of the violence, not on the youth who are its direct or indirect victims. School-based treatment and preventive interventions are needed for children at elevated risk for exposure to community violence. This paper describes The Multiple Opportunities to Reach Excellence (MORE) Project, a longitudinal, community epidemiological study currently being fielded to better understand the impact of children’s chronic exposure to community violence on their emotional, behavioral, substance use, and academic functioning with an overarching goal to identify malleable risk and protective factors which can be targeted in preventive and intervention programs (AU)

Community violence and youth: affect, behavior, substance use, and academics.

Community violence is recognized as a major public health problem (WHO, World Report on Violence and Health, 2002) that Americans increasingly understand has adverse implications beyond inner-cities. However, the majority of research on chronic community violence exposure focuses on ethnic minority, impoverished, and/or crime-ridden communities while treatment and prevention focuses on the perpetrators of the violence, not on the youth who are its direct or indirect victims. School-based treatment and preventive interventions are needed for children at elevated risk for exposure to community violence. In preparation, a longitudinal, community epidemiological study, The Multiple Opportunities to Reach Excellence (MORE) Project, is being fielded to address some of the methodological weaknesses presented in previous studies. This study was designed to better understand the impact of children's chronic exposure to community violence on their emotional, behavioral, substance use, and academic functioning with an overarching goal to identify malleable risk and protective factors which can be targeted in preventive and intervention programs. This paper describes the MORE Project, its conceptual underpinnings, goals, and methodology, as well as implications for treatment and preventive interventions and future research.

Enrolling and retaining mothers of substance-exposed infants in drug abuse treatment.

This study provided an experimental test of a drug abuse treatment enrollment and retention intervention in a sample of 103 Black mothers of substance-exposed infants. Significantly more women assigned to the Engaging Moms Program enrolled into drug abuse treatment than did women assigned to the control condition (88% vs. 46%). Sixty-seven percent of participants in the Engaging Moms Program received at least 4 weeks of drug abuse treatment compared with 38% of the control women. However, there were no differences between the groups 90 days following treatment entry. Logistic regressions revealed that readiness for treatment predicted both short-term and long-term treatment retention. The Engaging Moms Program has considerable promise in facilitating treatment entry and short-term retention, but it did not influence long-term retention.

Transporting a research-based adolescent drug treatment into practice.

This article describes the key ingredients and processes in transporting an empirically supported, research-developed family therapy for adolescent drug abusers, Multidimensional Family Therapy (MDFT), into an intensive day treatment program. Using the same systems change principles that guide this treatment approach, the technology transfer process has been, from its inception, a collaborative, multidimensional, systemic intervention aimed at changing organizational structures, and attitudinal and behavioral patterns with multiple staff members at several levels of the program. This article describes: (1) the conceptual and empirical basis for these technology transfer efforts; (2) the technology being adapted and transferred; and (3) the critical events and processes that have shaped the transfer of MDFT into this program. We discuss this process and the outcomes thus far through the lens of Simpson's organizational change model and specify the implications of this experience for the expansion of current conceptualization of technology transfer.