Weight management in youth with rapid-onset obesity with hypothalamic dysregulation, hypoventilation, autonomic dysregulation, and neural crest tumor (ROHHAD-NET): literature search and case report.

OBJECTIVES: Rapid-onset obesity with hypothalamic dysfunction, hypoventilation, autonomic dysregulation, and neural endocrine tumor (ROHHAD-NET) syndrome is a youth-onset constellation of symptoms including rapid-onset obesity with hypothalamic dysfunction, hypoventilation, and autonomic dysregulation. Despite growing understanding of the clinical classification of this syndrome there is limited investigation into treatment of the rapid-onset obesity which can be progressive and life-limiting. The purpose of this case report is to describe the clinical timeline and treatment of severe obesity in a patient with of ROHHAD-NET and propose recommendations for the treatment of associated obesity. CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a 10-year-old female with a clinical presentation consistent with ROHHAD-NET who achieved clinically meaningful weight loss with a combination of lifestyle modification and anti-obesity pharmacotherapies. We report on the use of three separate pharmacological agents and ultimately the referral for bariatric surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Given that early-onset obesity and hypoventilation are life-limiting components of this condition, early recognition and treatment are essential to improve health outcomes.