Lesiones cutáneas asociadas con el uso de respiradores N95 en profesionales de la salud de Brasil durante 2020 / Skin lesions associated with the use of N95 respirators among health professionals in Brazil in 2020 / Lesões de pele associadas ao uso de respiradores N95 entre profissionais de saúde no Brasil em 2020

Objetivo: investigar la prevalencia de lesiones cutáneas y factores asociados con el uso de respiradores N95 en profesionales de la salud de Brasil. Método: estudio transversal realizado con 11.368 profesionales de la salud en el que se empleó un método de muestreo dirigido por encuestados adaptado para entornos en línea. Se ejecutaron análisis univariados y multivariados para investigar la asociación entre la variable "lesiones cutáneas por utilizar respiradores N95" y sexo, categoría profesional, lugar de trabajo, capacitación, diagnóstico de COVID-19 y disponibilidad de suficiente provisión de Equipo de Protección Personal de buena calidad. Resultados: la prevalencia de lesiones cutáneas fue del 61,8%. Las mujeres fueron 1,203 veces (IC 95%: 1,154-1,255) más propensas a desarrollar lesiones que los hombres. La probabilidad de lesiones cutáneas en psicólogos (RP=0,805; IC 95%: 0,678-0,956) y dentistas (RP=0,884; IC 95%: 0,788-0,992) fue menor en comparación con la encontrada en los profesionales de Enfermería. Los profesionales con diagnóstico positivo de COVID-19 y que trabajan en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos son más propensos a sufrir lesiones cutáneas (RP=1,074; IC 95%: 1,042-1,107); (RP=1,203; IC 95%: 1,168-1,241), respectivamente, Conclusión: la prevalencia de lesiones cutáneas causadas por utilizar respiradores N95 fue del 61,8% y estuvo asociada al sexo femenino, a la categoría profesional, al lugar de trabajo, a la capacitación, a diagnóstico de COVID-19 y a la disponibilidad de suficiente provisión de Equipo de Protección Personal de buena calidad.

Objective: to investigate the prevalence of skin lesions and factors associated with the use of N95 respirators among health professionals in Brazil. Method: cross-sectional study conducted with 11,368 health professionals using a respondent-driven sampling method adapted for online environments. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to investigate the association between the "skin lesions with the use of N95 respirators" variable and gender, professional category, workplace, training, COVID-19 diagnosis, and availability of sufficient and high-quality Personal Protective Equipment. Results: the prevalence of skin lesions was 61.8%. Women were 1.203 times (95% CI: 1.154-1.255) more likely to develop a lesion than men. The chances of skin lesions in psychologists (PR=0.805; 95% CI: 0.678-0.956) and dentists (PR=0.884; 95% CI: 0.788-0.992), were lower when compared to Nursing professionals. Professionals with a positive COVID-19 diagnosis and working in the Intensive Care Unit have an increased chance of presenting skin lesions (PR=1.074; 95% CI: 1.042-1.107); (PR=1.203; 95% CI: 1.168-1.241), respectively. Conclusion: the prevalence of skin lesions caused by the use of N95 respirators was 61.8% and was associated with female gender, professional category, workplace, training, COVID-19 diagnosis, and availability of sufficient and highquality Personal Protective Equipment.

Objetivo: investigar a prevalência de lesões de pele e fatores associados ao uso de respiradores N95 entre profissionais de saúde no Brasil. Método: estudo transversal realizado com 11.368 profissionais de saúde por meio de um método de amostragem dirigido por respondentes adaptado para ambientes online. Análises univariadas e multivariadas foram realizadas para investigar a associação entre a variável "lesão de pele com uso de respirador N95" e sexo, categoria profissional, local de trabalho, treinamento, diagnóstico de COVID-19 e disponibilidade suficiente de equipamentos de proteção individual de qualidade. Resultados: a prevalência de lesões cutâneas foi de 61,8%. As mulheres foram 1,203 vezes (IC 95%: 1.154-1.255) mais propensas a desenvolver uma lesão do que os homens. As chances de lesão de pele em psicólogos (RP=0,805; IC 95%: 0,678-0,956) e dentistas (RP=0,884; IC 95%: 0,788-0,992) foram menores quando comparados aos profissionais de Enfermagem. Profissionais com diagnóstico positivo para COVID-19 e que trabalham em Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos têm maior chance de apresentar lesões de pele (RP=1,074; IC 95%: 1,042-1,107); (RP=1,203; IC 95%: 1,168- 1,241), respectivamente. Conclusão: a prevalência de lesões de pele causadas pelo uso do respirador N95 foi de 61,8% e esteve associada ao sexo feminino, categoria profissional, local de trabalho, treinamento, diagnóstico de COVID-19 e disponibilidade suficiente de equipamentos de proteção individual de qualidade.

Photodynamic therapy for infected foot ulcers in people with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Ulceration of the feet in patients with diabetes is a frequent complication that increases morbidity, mortality, hospitalization, treatment costs, and non-traumatic amputations. OBJECTIVE: To present a systematic review of the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus and infected foot ulcers using photodynamic therapy. DESIGN AND SETTING: A systematic review was performed in the postgraduate program in nursing at the Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Ceará, Brazil. METHODS: PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and LILACS databases were screened. The methodological quality, risk of bias, and quality of evidence of each study were assessed. Review Manager was used for the meta-analysis. RESULTS: Four studies were included. They highlighted significantly better outcomes in patient groups treated with photodynamic therapy than those in the control groups that were treated with topical collagenase and chloramphenicol (P = 0.036), absorbent (P < 0.001), or dry covers (P = 0.002). Significant improvements were noted in terms of the microbial load in the ulcers and tissue repair, with a reported reduction in the need for amputation by up to 35 times. Photodynamic therapy resulted in significantly better outcomes between the experimental and control groups (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Photodynamic therapy is significantly more effective in treating infected foot ulcers than standard therapies. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) - CRD42020214187, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=214187.

Skin lesions associated with the use of N95 respirators among health professionals in Brazil in 2020. / Lesiones cutáneas asociadas con el uso de respiradores N95 en profesionales de la salud de Brasil durante 2020.

OBJECTIVE: to investigate the prevalence of skin lesions and factors associated with the use of N95 respirators among health professionals in Brazil. METHOD: cross-sectional study conducted with 11,368 health professionals using a respondent-driven sampling method adapted for online environments. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to investigate the association between the "skin lesions with the use of N95 respirators" variable and gender, professional category, workplace, training, COVID-19 diagnosis, and availability of sufficient and high-quality Personal Protective Equipment. RESULTS: the prevalence of skin lesions was 61.8%. Women were 1.203 times (95% CI: 1.154-1.255) more likely to develop a lesion than men. The chances of skin lesions in psychologists (PR=0.805; 95% CI: 0.678-0.956) and dentists (PR=0.884; 95% CI: 0.788-0.992), were lower when compared to Nursing professionals. Professionals with a positive COVID-19 diagnosis and working in the Intensive Care Unit have an increased chance of presenting skin lesions (PR=1.074; 95% CI: 1.042-1.107); (PR=1.203; 95% CI: 1.168-1.241), respectively. CONCLUSION: the prevalence of skin lesions caused by the use of N95 respirators was 61.8% and was associated with female gender, professional category, workplace, training, COVID-19 diagnosis, and availability of sufficient and highquality Personal Protective Equipment. (1) The overall prevalence of skin lesions was 61.8%. (2) The most affected professional category was Nursing. (3) Women were more likely to develop skin lesions than men.

Photodynamic therapy for infected foot ulcers in people with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Ulceration of the feet in patients with diabetes is a frequent complication that increases morbidity, mortality, hospitalization, treatment costs, and non-traumatic amputations. OBJECTIVE: To present a systematic review of the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus and infected foot ulcers using photodynamic therapy. DESIGN AND SETTING: A systematic review was performed in the postgraduate program in nursing at the Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Ceará, Brazil. METHODS: PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and LILACS databases were screened. The methodological quality, risk of bias, and quality of evidence of each study were assessed. Review Manager was used for the meta-analysis. RESULTS: Four studies were included. They highlighted significantly better outcomes in patient groups treated with photodynamic therapy than those in the control groups that were treated with topical collagenase and chloramphenicol (P = 0.036), absorbent (P < 0.001), or dry covers (P = 0.002). Significant improvements were noted in terms of the microbial load in the ulcers and tissue repair, with a reported reduction in the need for amputation by up to 35 times. Photodynamic therapy resulted in significantly better outcomes between the experimental and control groups (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Photodynamic therapy is significantly more effective in treating infected foot ulcers than standard therapies. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) - CRD42020214187, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=214187.

Use of recommended personal protective equipment among Brazilian health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the biggest health crises in the world and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is significant measures to prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. However, PPE needs to be used properly by healthcare professionals. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the use of PPE among Brazilian health professionals and associated factors during a period of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out from October to December 2020. For data collection, the respondent-driven sampling technique was used, adapted for social media, with a link to an online survey form. RESULTS: The study considered 12,086 Brazilian health professionals. Most (69%) used PPE recommended for the care of patients with suspected or diagnosed COVID-19. Factors associated with the use of PPE were: working in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) or in a field hospital, receiving training, being provided with sufficient, high-quality PPE by the workplace and being an odontologist compared to nursing professionals. For procedures that generate aerosols in the context of COVID-19, 54.1% of them used the recommended PPE, the associated factors were: being married or in a stable relationship compared to a single/divorced professional, working in an ICU, being offered training, providing sufficient, high-quality PPE, and being an odontologist compared to nursing professionals. CONCLUSIONS: For the care of patients with COVID-19, 69% of health professionals used PPE properly, and several factors interfered with the use of this equipment.

Incidence of Recurrent Venous Ulcer in Patients Treated at an Outpatient Clinic: Historical Cohort.

The recurrence of venous ulcers is the wound reopening after a period of completed epithelisation of a previous ulcer due to exposure to causal factors and lack of prevention. Venous ulcers have a high recurrence rate that may increase through the years. Epidemiological evidence on its incidence and risk factors is scarce due to the lack of patient follow-up in outpatient clinics and adherence to treatment after healing. The objective was to analyze the incidence of venous ulcers recurrency in outpatients and the risk factors for its occurrence. It is an observational historical cohort with retrospective data collection, performed through electronic medical records. Setting: private health insurance outpatient clinic. The participants were adult patients with healed venous ulcers. Incidence of venous ulcer recurrence was calculated within individuals with healed ulcers from 2014 and 2018 with a follow-up of at least one year. Bivariate analysis and logistic regression were used to explore risk factors considering demographic, clinical, and wound-related variables. As a result, sixty-five (65) of the 134 patients with healed venous ulcers had a recurrence, leading to an incidence of 48.5%, with a mean onset time of 230.1 (SD 267) days. Patients with recurrent venous ulcers were primarily women (39/48.1%), with a mean age of 64 (SD 15.5) years, 57 (50.8%) had some comorbidity, with systemic arterial hypertension as the most frequent (47/51%). Obesity (15/88.2%) increased the risk of venous ulcers recurrence by 8.7 (OR 95% CI 2.1-60.8; P = .009) times. In conclusion, venous ulcers recurrence incidence was 48.5%, with obesity as a risk factor. This study demonstrates that the clinical approach of people with venous ulcers should not finish when the wound is healed. For ulcer recurrence prevention interventions addressing systemic factors, besides topical management of the wound, are essential.

Production and validation of educational technology on nursing care for syphilis prevention.

OBJECTIVES: Validate script and storyboard of a video for educational intervention on nursing care for the prevention and management of syphilis. METHODS: Methodological design study, with quantitative analysis approach. The content and appearance of the educational video script and storyboard was validated by a committee of experts on the subject and video. They were considered validated from the agreement of 78%, calculated by means of the Content Validity Index. RESULTS: There were suggestions, which were analyzed; and, where relevant, the script and storyboard were changed. The degree of agreement among the expert judges on the subject obtained a Content Validity Index (CVI) of 100%, while, with the technical experts in video, all the questions in the educational material obtained the percentage above the recommended minimum of 78%. CONCLUSION: The validated video is an important technological production and could be used in the context of health care.

Production and validation of educational technology on nursing care for syphilis prevention / Producción y validación de la tecnología educativa en cuidados de enfermería para la prevención de la sífilis / Produção e validação de tecnologia educacional sobre cuidados de enfermagem para prevenção da sífilis

ABSTRACT Objectives: Validate script and storyboard of a video for educational intervention on nursing care for the prevention and management of syphilis. Methods: Methodological design study, with quantitative analysis approach. The content and appearance of the educational video script and storyboard was validated by a committee of experts on the subject and video. They were considered validated from the agreement of 78%, calculated by means of the Content Validity Index. Results: There were suggestions, which were analyzed; and, where relevant, the script and storyboard were changed. The degree of agreement among the expert judges on the subject obtained a Content Validity Index (CVI) of 100%, while, with the technical experts in video, all the questions in the educational material obtained the percentage above the recommended minimum of 78%. Conclusion: The validated video is an important technological production and could be used in the context of health care.

RESUMEN Objetivos: Para validar el guion y el storyboard de un vídeo para la intervención educativa sobre la asistencia de enfermería que pretende la prevención y el manejo de la sífilis. Métodos: Estudio de la delineación metodológica, con abordaje del análisis cuantitativo. Se realizó la validación del contenido y del aspecto del guion y el storyboard del vídeo educativo para un comité de especialistas en la temática y del vídeo. Se validaron a partir de la concordancia de 78%, calculada por medio del Índice de Validez de Contenido. Resultados: Hubo sugerencias, que se analizaron; y, cuando pertinentes, el guion y el storyboard se modificaron. El grado de concordancia entre los jueces especialistas en la temática obtuvo un Índice de Validez de Contenido (IVC) de 100%, mientras, con los técnicos especialistas en video, todos los quesitos del material educativo obtuvieron el porcentual arriba del mínimo recomendado de 78%. Conclusión: El video validado constituye una importante producción tecnológica y podrá ser utilizado en el contexto de la atención a la salud.

RESUMO Objetivos: Validar roteiro e storyboard de um vídeo para intervenção educativa sobre assistência de enfermagem visando à prevenção e manejo da sífilis. Métodos: Estudo de delineamento metodológico, com abordagem de análise quantitativa. Foi realizada validação de conteúdo e aparência do roteiro e storyboard do vídeo educativo por um comitê de especialistas na temática e em vídeo. Consideraram-se validados a partir da concordância de 78%, calculada por meio do Índice de Validade de Conteúdo. Resultados: Houve sugestões, que foram analisadas; e, quando pertinentes, o roteiro e storyboard foram alterados. O grau de concordância entre os juízes especialistas na temática obteve um Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC) de 100%, enquanto, com os técnicos especialistas em vídeo, todos os quesitos do material educativo obtiveram o percentual acima do mínimo recomendado de 78%. Conclusão: O vídeo validado constitui-se em uma importante produção tecnológica e poderá ser utilizado no contexto da assistência à saúde.

Factors associated with mechanical device-related complications in tube fed patients: A multicenter prospective cohort study.

AIMS: To identify the types of nasogastric/nasoenteric tube (NGT/NET)-related adverse events and to analyze the degree of harm and the factors associated with mechanical device-related complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted from October 2017 to April 2019 in seven Brazilian hospitals. Data from 447 adult patients with NGT/NET were collected through electronic forms. Three methods were used to assess the NGT/NET-related adverse events: (1) encouraging spontaneous reports; (2) regular visits to the wards; and (3) review of medical records. The events were classified as mechanical device-related complications and other events. The degree of harm was classified according to the World Health Organization's International Classification for Patient Safety. Data were analyzed using the R program, version 3.5.3. The following tests were applied to identify associations between the explanatory and response variables: Cochran-Armitage Chi-Square test, Fisher's exact test, and Linear-by-linear Chi-Square test. Logistic regression analysis was performed to verify the predictors of mechanical device-related complications. All analyses were performed considering a 5% significance level. RESULTS: 191 NGT/NET-related adverse events were identified in 116 patients; the majority were mechanical device-related complications and resulted in mild harm to the patient. At the moment of the event, patients had a mean of 3.27 comorbidities, were highly dependent on nursing care, with high risk of death and altered level of consciousness. There was no association between the degree of harm and the care complexity, disease severity or level of consciousness. Intensive care was the strongest predictor for mechanical device-related complications and critical patients had a four times greater likelihood of presenting this type of event when compared to patients receiving minimal care. CONCLUSION: Intensive care patients should receive special attention as the complexity of care is an important predictor for mechanical device-related complications in tube fed patients.

Core set da Classificação Internacional da Funcionalidade para lesão medular: construção e validação de instrumento / Core set of the International Classification of Functioning for spinal cord injury: instrument construction and validation

Objetivo: Descrever o processo de desenvolvimento e validação do instrumento baseado no Core Set resumido da Classificação Internacional da Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde para indivíduos com lesão medular aguda. Método: No estudo metodológico foi desenvolvido um instrumento para avaliação da funcionalidade de indivíduos com lesão medular aguda traumática. A validação de face e conteúdo do instrumento foi realizada por um comitê de especialistas, compreendendo as etapas preconizadas na literatura. Como parte desse processo, foi realizado o pré-teste, com 10 indivíduos com lesão medular aguda traumática, com até 6 meses de lesão. Resultados: Na maioria dos itens do instrumento, os participantes fizeram sugestões que visavam à modificação de termos técnicos, para serem substituídos ou reformulados para melhor compreensão pelo público alvo. Para a análise de dados o mínimo de concordância estabelecido foi de 80%. Conclusão: A contribuição do estudo refere-se à possibilidade de utilizar uma ferramenta inovadora pela equipe multidisciplinar na prática clínica.

The research aimed to describe the instrument development and validation process based on the brief Core Set of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for individuals with Acute Spinal Cord Injury. In the methodological study, an instrument was developed to evaluate the functionality of individuals with acute traumatic spinal cord injury. The face and content validation of the instrument was performed by an expert committee, understanding the steps recommended in the literature. As part of this process, a pretest was performed with 10 individuals with acute traumatic spinal cord injury with up to 6 months of injury. In the results, in most items of the instrument, participants made suggestions to modify technical terms, to be replaced or reformulated for better understanding by the target audience. For data analysis the minimum agreement established was 80%. In conclusion, the contribution of the study refers to the possibility of using an innovative tool by the multidisciplinary team in clinical practice.

Desenvolvimento e validação de vídeo educativo para autocateterismo vesical intermitente limpo / Development and validation of an educational video for clean intermittent bladder catheterization

Trata-se do desenvolvimento e validação de um vídeo educativo sobre autocateterismo vesical intermitente limpo. Estudo metodológico, realizado em três etapas: pré-produção (elaboração e validação do roteiro e storyboard), produção do vídeo, e pós-produção (validação do vídeo por juízes experts em reabilitação e/ou saúde). O roteiro para produção do vídeo foi desenvolvido e validado por 18 juízes, com 91,1% de concordância. O vídeo, com 10 minutos e cinco segundos, também foi validado e atingiu 97,4% de concordância entre os 17 juízes participantes nos quesitos funcionalidade, usabilidade, eficiência, técnica audiovisual, ambiente e procedimentos. A versão final do vídeo desenvolvido e validado pode ser visualizada no Portal do Núcleo de Pesquisa NEUROREHAB, www.demaisinformacao.com.br. Essa ferramenta pode contribuir para a capacitação de pessoas com bexiga neurogênica a realizar o autocateterismo urinário, bem como profissionais de saúde e estudantes de enfermagem, e apoiar metodologicamente o desenvolvimento de outros vídeos educativos na área da saúde.

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an educational video on clean intermittent self-catheterization. It was a methodological study, carried out in three stages: pre-production (elaboration and validation of the script and storyboard), video production, and post-production (validation of the video by expert judges working in the field of rehabilitation and/or health). The script for video production was developed and validated by 18 judges, with 91.1% agreement. The video, with a duration time of 10 minutes and five seconds, was also validated and reached 97.4% of agreement among the 17 participating judges regarding functionality, usability, efficiency, audiovisual technique, environment and procedures. The final version of the video developed and validated can be viewed at the NEUROREHAB Research Center Portal, https://demaisinformacao.com.br/ autocatetrismourinario/. This tool can contribute to the training of people with neurogenic bladder, as well as health professionals and nursing students, to perform self-catheterization, and methodologically support the development of other educational videos in the health area.

Bowel rehabilitation of individuals with spinal cord injury: video production.

OBJECTIVE: produce and validate an educational video about bowel emptying maneuvers for training of individuals with neurogenic bowel in bowel rehabilitation process. METHOD: this is a methodological study developed in four stages: script/storyboard production, validation, educational video production and pilot study, which was conducted from January 2013 to July 2015. Instruments for validation, which was performed from December 2014 to February 2015 by a group of experts. A value equal to or greater than 70% was considered for validation of agreement and relevance of the script and storyboard, using descriptive statistics for data analysis. RESULTS: the script and storyboard were validated by 94% of the experts in the subject and 100% of the technicians. After validation and video recording, the pilot study was conducted with six individuals with neurogenic bowel - 100% of them evaluated the video positively. CONCLUSION: the video may contribute to the education of individuals with neurogenic bowel.

Bowel rehabilitation of individuals with spinal cord injury: video production / Rehabilitación intestinal de individuos con lesión medular: producción de vídeo / Reabilitação intestinal de indivíduos com lesão medular: produção de vídeo

ABSTRACT Objective: produce and validate an educational video about bowel emptying maneuvers for training of individuals with neurogenic bowel in bowel rehabilitation process. Method: this is a methodological study developed in four stages: script/storyboard production, validation, educational video production and pilot study, which was conducted from January 2013 to July 2015. Instruments for validation, which was performed from December 2014 to February 2015 by a group of experts. A value equal to or greater than 70% was considered for validation of agreement and relevance of the script and storyboard, using descriptive statistics for data analysis. Results: the script and storyboard were validated by 94% of the experts in the subject and 100% of the technicians. After validation and video recording, the pilot study was conducted with six individuals with neurogenic bowel - 100% of them evaluated the video positively. Conclusion: the video may contribute to the education of individuals with neurogenic bowel.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Producir y validar video educativo sobre maniobras de vaciamiento intestinal para capacitar individuos con intestino neurogénico sobre el proceso de rehabilitación intestinal. Método: Estudio metodológico desarrollado en cuatro etapas: guionado/storyboard, validación, producción del vídeo educativo y prueba piloto. Realizado entre enero 2013 y julio2015. Validación mediante instrumentos, efectuada por comité de expertos, con experiencia en vídeos de diciembre 2014 a febrero 2015. Valor de concordancia y pertinencia de guionado y storyboard considerado en 70% o superior. Datos analizados por estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Guionado y storyboard validados por 94% de expertos en temática y 100% de expertos técnicos. Validado y grabado el vídeo, se realizó prueba piloto con seis individuos con intestino neurogénico, 100% evaluó positivamente el vídeo. Conclusión: El vídeo contribuirá a educar a individuos con intestino neurogénico.

RESUMO Objetivo: produzir e validar vídeo educativo sobre manobras de esvaziamento intestinal para capacitação de indivíduos com intestino neurogênico, no processo de reabilitação intestinal. Método: estudo metodológico, desenvolvido em quatro etapas: produção do roteiro/storyboard, validação , produção do vídeo educativo e estudo-piloto. Ocorreu no período de janeiro de 2013 a julho de 2015. Para a validação, utilizaram-se instrumentos, sendo realizada por um comitê de especialistas, no período de dezembro de 2014 a fevereiro de 2015. Considerou-se valor igual ou superior a 70% para validação de concordância e pertinência do roteiro e storyboard, utilizando-se estatística descritiva para análise dos dados. Resultados: o roteiro e storyboard foram validados por 94% dos especialistas na temática e 100% dos especialistas técnicos. Após validação e gravação do vídeo, foi realizado estudo-piloto com seis indivíduos com intestino neurogênico, dos quais 100% avaliaram o vídeo positivamente. Conclusão: o vídeo poderá contribuir para a educação de indivíduos com intestino neurogênico.

Cultural adaptation of the Pieper-Zulkowski Pressure Ulcer Knowledge Test for use in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To carry out the cultural adaptation of the Pieper-Zulkowski Pressure Ulcer Knowledge Test (PZ-PUKT) for use in Brazil and analyze the internal consistency of the adapted version. METHOD: This was a methodological study. The PZ-PUKT is a knowledge test consisting of 72 items, divided into: prevention, staging, and wound description. The present study was developed in two phases: (1) translation of the questionnaire from English to Brazilian Portuguese, back-translation, and assessment of equivalence between the original and back-translated version by an expert panel; (2) pre-testing with nurses. RESULTS: The questionnaire showed face and content validity according to the opinions of the experts. Cronbach's alpha for the total test score was higher than 0.70. The adapted version presented satisfactory internal consistency for the studied sample. CONCLUSION: The adapted version of the instrument for Portuguese can be used in intervention studies as a tool to measure "nursing knowledge about pressure injury/ulcers" as a dependent variable.

Cultural adaptation of the Pieper-Zulkowski Pressure Ulcer Knowledge Test for use in Brazil / Adaptación cultural del instrumento Pieper-Zulkowski Pressure Ulcer Knowledge Test para Brasil / Adaptação cultural do instrumento Pieper-Zulkowski Pressure Ulcer Knowledge Test para o Brasil

ABSTRACT Objective: To carry out the cultural adaptation of the Pieper-Zulkowski Pressure Ulcer Knowledge Test (PZ-PUKT) for use in Brazil and analyze the internal consistency of the adapted version. Method: This was a methodological study. The PZ-PUKT is a knowledge test consisting of 72 items, divided into: prevention, staging, and wound description. The present study was developed in two phases: (1) translation of the questionnaire from English to Brazilian Portuguese, back-translation, and assessment of equivalence between the original and back-translated version by an expert panel; (2) pre-testing with nurses. Results: The questionnaire showed face and content validity according to the opinions of the experts. Cronbach's alpha for the total test score was higher than 0.70. The adapted version presented satisfactory internal consistency for the studied sample. Conclusion: The adapted version of the instrument for Portuguese can be used in intervention studies as a tool to measure "nursing knowledge about pressure injury/ulcers" as a dependent variable.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Realizar adaptación cultural del instrumento Pressure Ulcer Knowledge Test (PZ-PUKT) para uso en Brasil y analizar la consistencia interna de la versión adaptada. Método: Estudio metodológico. El PZ-PUKT es un test de conocimiento con 72 ítems divididos en: prevención, estadificación y descripción de la herida. El proyecto se desarrolló en dos fases: (1) traducción del instrumento del Inglés al Portugués brasileño, retrotraducción y evaluación de equivalencia de versiones por un Comité de especialistas; (2) prueba piloto con enfermeros. Resultados: El instrumento demostró validez de apariencia y contenido, según los especialistas. El valor del coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach para el puntaje total fue superior a 0,70. La versión adaptada demostró satisfactoria consistencia interna para la muestra estudiada. Conclusión: El instrumento validado para el Portugués podrá ser utilizado en estudios de intervenciones, como instrumento para mensurar la variable dependiente "Conocimientos del enfermero sobre lesión/úlcera por presión".

RESUMO Objetivo: Realizar adaptação cultural do instrumento Pressure Ulcer Knowledge Test (PZ-PUKT), para uso no Brasil e analisar a consistência interna da versão adaptada. Método: Estudo metodológico. O PZ-PUKT é um teste de conhecimento com 72 itens, distribuídos em: prevenção, estadiamento e descrição da ferida. O projeto foi desenvolvido em duas fases: (1) tradução do instrumento do inglês para o português do Brasil, retrotradução e avaliação de equivalência das versões por um comitê de especialistas; (2) pré-teste com enfermeiros. Resultados: O instrumento demonstrou validade de face e conteúdo na opinião de especialistas. O valor do coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, para o escore total, foi acima de 0,70. A versão adaptada apresentou consistência interna satisfatória para a amostra estudada. Conclusão: O instrumento validado para o português tem possibilidade de ser utilizado em estudos de intervenções como instrumento para mensurar a variável dependente: Conhecimento do enfermeiro sobre lesão/úlcera por pressão.

Efetividade da educação a distância no conhecimento de enfermeiros sobre estomias intestinais de eliminação / Eficacia de la educación a distancia en el conocimiento de enfermeros sobre ostomías intestinales de eliminación / Effectiveness of distance education on nurses' knowledge about bowel elimination ostomies

Resumo OBJETIVO Avaliar a efetividade da educação a distância no conhecimento de enfermeiros da atenção primária sobre estomias intestinais de eliminação. MÉTODOS Estudo quase-experimental, do tipo antes-depois, realizado com 41 enfermeiros, no período de junho a julho de 2015, por meio de instrumento construído e validado no Brasil. Para comparar os escores de acertos no pré e pós-teste foi utilizado o Teste de Wilcoxon. Foram considerados estatisticamente significantes os resultados dos testes que apresentaram α menor ou igual a 0,05. RESULTADOS Na avaliação do conhecimento dos enfermeiros verificou-se que cinco obtiveram acertos superiores a 80% no pré-teste. Após a educação a distância, o número de enfermeiros que obtiveram acertos superiores a 80% aumentou para 32. Houve diferença estatística significativa no conhecimento dos enfermeiros após intervenção educativa (p=0,000), com percentual de melhoria de 96,7% no geral. CONCLUSÕES A educação a distância pode ser uma metodologia efetiva para educação permanente de enfermeiros.

Resumen OBJETIVO Evaluar el efecto de la educación a distancia en el conocimiento de enfermeros de la atención primaria sobre ostomías intestinales de eliminación. MÉTODOS Estudio cuasi-experimental, del tipo antes-después, realizado con 41 enfermeros, en el período de junio a julio de 2015, por medio de un instrumento construido y validado en Brasil. Para comparar los puntajes de aciertos en el pre y post-test, se utilizó el Test de Wilcoxon. Se consideraron estadísticamente significantes los resultados de las pruebas que presentaron α menor o igual a 0,05. RESULTADOS En la evaluación del conocimiento de los enfermeros, se verificó que cinco obtuvieron aciertos superiores al 80% en el pre-test. Después de la educación a distancia, el número de enfermeros que obtuvieron aciertos superiores al 80% aumentó a 32. Hubo diferencia estadística significativa en el conocimiento de los enfermeros luego de la intervención educativa (p = 0,000), con porcentual de mejora del 96,7% en general. CONCLUSIONES La educación a distancia puede ser una estrategia efectiva para la educación permanente de enfermeros.

Abstract OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of distance education on primary care nurses' knowledge about bowel elimination ostomies. METHODS A quasi-experimental, before-after study conducted with 41 nurses, from June to July 2015, by means of an instrument constructed and validated in Brazil. The Wilcoxon's test was used to compare the correct scores in the pre- and post-test. The results of the tests that presented α less than or equal to 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS In the evaluation of nurses' knowledge, five obtained correct answers above 80% in the pre-test. After distance education, the number of nurses that obtained scores greater than 80% increased to 32. There was a statistically significant difference in nurses' knowledge after an educational intervention (p=0.000), with a 96.7% overall improvement. CONCLUSIONS Distance education can be an effective strategy for nurses' permanent education.

Protocolo para prevenção de úlcera por pressão / Protocol for prevention of pressure ulcer

Objetivo: analisar as evidências científicas nacionais e internacionais para estabelecer recomendações na elaboração de protocolo de enfermagem para prevenção de úlcera por pressão. Métodos: revisão integrativa com busca nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE e BDENF, com descritores "úlcera por pressão", "protocolo" e "prevenção secundária", com amostra final de 21 artigos científicos. Resultados: amostra categorizada em dois temas: "Protocolos" que recomenda especificidades sociodemográficas e clínicas com adoção de instrumento e escalas para dimensionar as lesões de pele e úlcera por pressão, além de intervenções de enfermagem; e "Estratégias de implementação do protocolo" que valoriza liderança dos enfermeiros, apoio da gestão, educação permanente, previsão e provisão de recursos humanos e materiais como fundamentais para a implantação. Conclusão: na elaboração de protocolo de prevenção de úlcera por pressão recomenda-se incluir aspectos clínicos e terapêuticos dos pacientes, assim como recursos materiais e humanos para a sua implantação.

The contribution of distance learning to the knowledge of nursing lecturers regarding assessment of chronic wounds.

OBJECTIVE: to identify the contribution made by a refresher course on the assessment of chronic wounds, offered through the Moodle virtual learning environment (VLE), to the knowledge relating to this issue of nursing lecturers and nurses linked to higher education. METHOD: a prospective, quasi-experimental study, with data collection before and after the educational intervention. The study was undertaken in three stages using the Moodle VLE. The sample was made up of 28 participants who answered the pre-test on the knowledge, devised in accordance with international guidelines on chronic wounds. Afterwards, the refresher course was offered (intervention) and was accessed in accordance with individuals' schedules, during the established time period. At the end of the course, 26 participants answered the post-test. Those who did not participate in the post-tests were excluded from the study, as it is pairwise analysis of the sample. RESULT: the participants obtained, on average, 55.5% of correct answers in the pre-test on their knowledge, and 73.4% in the post-test, this difference being statistically significant. There was a negative correlation between the time of experience in lecturing and the performance in the test on their knowledge. CONCLUSION: the participation in the online refresher course contributed to improving the lecturers' performance in the test on their knowledge, in relation to the recommendations for assessing chronic wounds, based in scientific evidence.

The contribution of distance learning to the knowledge of nursing lecturers regarding assessment of chronic wounds / Contribuição da educação a distância para o conhecimento de docentes de enfermagem sobre avaliação de feridas crônicas / Contribución de la educación a distancia para el conocimiento de docentes de enfermería sobre evaluación de heridas crónicas

OBJECTIVE: to identify the contribution made by a refresher course on the assessment of chronic wounds, offered through the Moodle virtual learning environment (VLE), to the knowledge relating to this issue of nursing lecturers and nurses linked to higher education. METHOD: a prospective, quasi-experimental study, with data collection before and after the educational intervention. The study was undertaken in three stages using the Moodle VLE. The sample was made up of 28 participants who answered the pre-test on the knowledge, devised in accordance with international guidelines on chronic wounds. Afterwards, the refresher course was offered (intervention) and was accessed in accordance with individuals' schedules, during the established time period. At the end of the course, 26 participants answered the post-test. Those who did not participate in the post-tests were excluded from the study, as it is pairwise analysis of the sample. RESULT: the participants obtained, on average, 55.5% of correct answers in the pre-test on their knowledge, and 73.4% in the post-test, this difference being statistically significant. There was a negative correlation between the time of experience in lecturing and the performance in the test on their knowledge. CONCLUSION: the participation in the online refresher course contributed to improving the lecturers' performance in the test on their knowledge, in relation to the recommendations for assessing chronic wounds, based in scientific evidence. .

OBJETIVO: identificar a contribuição de um curso de atualização sobre a avaliação de feridas crônicas, oferecido pelo Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem (AVA) Moodle, para o conhecimento de docentes de enfermagem e enfermeiros vinculados ao ensino superior, acerca da temática. MÉTODO: estudo prospectivo, quase-experimental, com coleta de dados antes e após intervenção educativa. O estudo foi desenvolvido em três etapas, através do AVA Moodle. A amostra foi composta por 28 participantes, que responderam ao pré-teste de conhecimento, elaborado de acordo com diretrizes internacionais sobre feridas crônicas. Após, o curso de atualização foi oferecido (intervenção) e acessado conforme programação individual, durante prazo estabelecido. Ao término do curso, 26 participantes responderam ao pós-teste. Aqueles que não participaram do pós-teste foram excluídos do estudo, por tratar-se da análise pareada da amostra. RESULTADO: os participantes obtiveram, em média, 55,5% de acertos no pré-teste de conhecimento, e 73,4%, no pós-teste, sendo essa diferença estatisticamente significante. Houve correlação negativa entre o tempo de experiência na docência e o desempenho no teste de conhecimento. CONCLUSÃO: a participação no curso de atualização on-line contribuiu para melhor desempenho dos docentes no teste de conhecimentos, sobre as recomendações para avaliação de feridas crônicas, com embasamento em evidência científicas. .

OBJETIVO: identificar la contribución de un curso de actualización sobre la evaluación de heridas crónicas, ofrecido por el ambiente virtual de aprendizaje (AVA) Moodle, para el conocimiento de docentes de enfermería y enfermeros vinculados a la enseñanza superior, acerca de la temática. MÉTODO: estudio prospectivo, casi experimental, con recolección de datos antes y después de la intervención educativa. El estudio fue desarrollado en tres etapas a través del AVA Moodle. La muestra fue compuesta por 28 participantes, que respondieron a la preprueba de conocimiento, elaborada de acuerdo con directrices internacionales sobre heridas crónicas. Después, el curso de actualización fue ofrecido (intervención) y accedido conforme programación individual, durante un plazo establecido. Al término del curso, 26 participantes respondieron a la postprueba. Aquellos que no participaron de la postprueba, fueron excluidos del estudio, por tratarse de un análisis pareado de la muestra. RESULTADOS: los participantes obtuvieron, en promedio, 55,5% de aciertos en la preprueba de conocimiento, y 73,4%, en la postprueba, siendo esa diferencia estadísticamente significativa. Hubo correlación negativa entre el tiempo de experiencia en la docencia y el desempeño en la prueba de conocimiento. CONCLUSIÓN: la participación en el curso de actualización on-line contribuyó para mejorar el desempeño de los docentes en la prueba de conocimientos sobre las recomendaciones para evaluación de heridas crónicas, con base en evidencia científicas. .

Cuidadores de indivíduos com lesão medular: sobrecarga do cuidado / Cuidadores de individuos con lesion medular: sobrecarga del cuidado / Caregivers of individuals with spinal cord injury: caregiver burden

Estudo seccional que teve como objetivos avaliar a sobrecarga do cuidado para cuidadores de indivíduos com Lesão Traumática da Medula Espinhal (LTME) e a sua associação com as variáveis sociodemográficas (sexo e idade), estado de saúde (enfermidades autorrelatadas) e características do cuidado (tempo de cuidado em anos e horas diárias de cuidado). Os dados foram coletados por consulta aos prontuários e entrevistas individuais no domicílio utilizando o instrumento Caregiver Burden Scale (CBScale). Os resultados apontaram que a maior sobrecarga ocorreu nos domínios: ambiente, decepção e tensão geral. Apresentar problema de saúde (para todos os domínios do CBScale) e despender mais horas por dia nos cuidados (no domínio decepção) representaram as variáveis associadas à sobrecarga. Estudos de natureza mais confirmatória do que exploratória entre as variáveis estudadas poderão utilizar a medida de sobrecarga obtida nesta população de cuidadores de indivíduos com LTME.

Estudio transversal que tuvo como objetivo evaluar la carga del cuidado de los cuidadores de las personas con Lesión Traumática de Médula Espinal (LTME) y su asociación con variables sociodemográficas (edad y sexo), estado de salud (auto-reporte de enfermedades) y características de la atención (tiempo de atención en los últimos años y las horas de atención). Los datos fueron recogidos por los registros hospitalarios y entrevistas en el hogar utilizando el instrumento Caregiver Burden Scale (CBScale). Los resultados mostraron que la mayor sobrecarga ocurrido en áreas: ambiente, decepción y tensión general. Problema de salud actual (para todas las áreas de CBScale) y pasar más horas por día en la atención (en el campo decepción) representaran las variables asociadas con a sobrecarga. Estudios de una confirmación, más que exploratorio entre variables se pueden utilizar para medir la sobrecarga obtenido en esta población de los cuidadores de los individuos con LTME.

A sectional study that had as its objectives to assess caregiver burden of for caregivers of individuals with Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury (TSCI) and its association with sociodemographic variables (age and sex), health status (self-reported illnesses) and caregiver characteristics (care time in years and daily hours of care). Data were collected by consultation of patient files and individual interviews at home using the instrument, Caregiver Burden Scale (CBScale). The results showed that most burden occurred in the domains: environment, disappointment and general strain. Presenting health problem (for all domains of the CBScale) and spending more hours per day in care (in the domain disappointment) represented the variables associated with burden. Studies of a more confirmatory nature than exploratory between the variables studied can be used to measure the burden obtained in this population of caregivers of individuals with TSCI.