Gum acacia PEG iron oxide nanocomposite (GA-PEG-IONC) induced pharmacotherapeutic activity on the Las R gene expression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and HOXB13 expression of prostate cancer (Pc 3) cell line. A green therapeutic approach of molecular mechanism inhibition.

Among the diverse nanomaterials, polymer-based nanocomposites are gained more attention due to their high efficacy, target biological activities, biodegradability and biocompatibility-gum acacia (GA) - a polymer obtained from acacia trees-is considering the multifunctional nanocomposite synthesis. Distinctive Physico-chemical and biocompatibility properties of gum acacia are utilised to prepare a highly stable, biologically active, eco-friendly Nanocomposite. In this current investigation, gum acacia - poly ethylene glycol grafted iron oxide nanocomposite (GA-PEG-IONC) was synthesised by in situ green science principles. The synthesised Nanocomposite was evaluated against the molecular mechanism of urinary tract pathogenic bacterial strains and prostate cancer cells (Pc 3). Nanocomposite prepared in this examination exhibited notable structural, functional stability with nanoarchitecture which was affirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electron microscopic studies, atomic force microscopy (AFM), vibrating sample magnetometric analysis (VSM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), Synthesised Nanocomposite brought about notable antibacterial activity against urinary tract pathogenic strains by recording potential inhibitory effect on the expression of Las R gene. Inhibition of Las R gene expression reduced notable effect on biofilm development. Anticancer activity against prostate cancer cells (Pc3) was investigated by measurement of HOXB13 gene expression level. Inhibition of HOXB13 gene expression by the IONC brought about structural, functional changes. HOXB13 gene expression inhibition reveals a remarkable cytotoxic effect by recording decreased cell viability. Morphometric analysis by phase-contrast and DAPI fluorescence staining demonstrates that the Nanocomposite prompted cell morphology anomalies or apoptotic changes. Nanocomposite treatment brought about a good sign of Apoptosis by recording enhanced caspase 3 and 9 activities, DNA fragmentation and elevated reactive oxygen species generation (ROS). Hemocompatibility studies were carried out to determine the biocompatibility of the Nanocomposite. Spectrophotometric estimation of plasma haemoglobin, microscopic examination of whole blood cells shows the Nanocomposite was not inciting any indication of toxicity. These findings infer that IONC synthesised in the present study is the promising contender for a broad scope of biomedical applications, especially as an antibacterial and anticancer agent.

A green chemistry to produce iron oxide - Chitosan nanocomposite (CS-IONC) for the upgraded bio-restorative and pharmacotherapeutic activities - Supra molecular nanoformulation against drug-resistant pathogens and malignant growth.

The logical research on fundamentally adjusted iron oxide nanoparticles has turned out to expanded in biomedicine because of the improved activity and best biocompatibility. In this present work upgraded bio-restorative and pharmacotherapeutic property of chitosan­iron oxide nanocomposite, which was set up by eco-friendly in situ substance technique. Characterisation of the synthesised nanocomposite by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffraction,(XRD) and Vibrating test magnetometer (VSM) studies reveals that highly stable spherical, electron-dense core shelled rough particles of 50-60 nm. Particle morphology of the synthesised nanocomposite utilising scanning electron microscopy (SEM) uncovers spherical; thick electron centre shelled harsh particles with the size scope of 50-60 nm. FTIR studies show that the specific interaction of practical gatherings of chitosan with iron oxide nanoparticles. Crystalline phase and magnetisation impact of the composite resolved from XRD and VSM studies. Anti-bacterial activity of the nanocomposite examined against human bacterial pathogens which suggest that the readied nanocomposite successfully restrained the development of the tried bacterial strains by recording maximum zone of inhibition, least minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and biofilm damage against the both tested strains. 100 µg dosages of nanocomposites recorded 20.0 and 21.0 mm of the zone of inhibition against E. coli and S. aureus respectively. Biofilm restraint was additionally observed to be high in nanocomposite treatment by recording lower optical density of ethanol solubilised biofilm of both tested strains. Anticancer activity was examined against the A549 cell line by the assurance of cell feasibility as opposed to oxidative proteins, articulation example of TNF-α, Bax, PARP qualities and apoptosis. Composite prompted 50% of cytotoxicity at 80 µg/mL unmistakably uncovers cytotoxicity against A549 cells. Nanocomposite treatment revealed a high decrease of cell feasibility at all the fixation and most extreme impact seen in 100 µg. Nanocomposite treated cells demonstrated striking changes in cell morphology, the build-up of atomic material related to trademark changes in against oxidative enzymes, quality articulation design which brought about apoptosis-like necrotic cell death. The present findings would propose the conceivable usage of chitosan­iron oxide nanocomposite as a viable remedial against safe medication pathogens and malignant growth cells.

In vivo safety evaluation of antibacterial silver chloride nanoparticles from Streptomyces exfoliatus ICN25 in zebrafish embryos.

Silver chloride nanoparticles were synthesized from the cell-free culture supernatant of Streptomyces strain using green synthesis approach with good yield. The nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis, IR, SEM, AFM and XRD techniques. These nanoparticles exhibited broad spectrum of antibacterial activity towards Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin sensitive S. aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia at ≤ 2 µg/ml minimal inhibitory concentrations. In vivo bioassay in nanoparticles treated zebrafish embryos exhibited 16 µg/ml dose as maximal cardiac safety concentration and further increases in concentration revealed adverse effects such as pericardial bulging, mouth protrudation, hemorrhage and yolk sac elongation. The less toxicity of nanoparticles treated embryos in terms of cardiac assessment and lethality analysis was observed. The dose below 5 µg/ml is concluded as an in vitro and in vivo therapeutic dose. The properties of this biosynthesized nanoparticle suggest a path towards developing antibiotic nanoparticles that are likely to avoid development of multidrug resistance.

Anisotropic noble metal nanoparticles: Synthesis, surface functionalization and applications in biosensing, bioimaging, drug delivery and theranostics.

Anisotropic nanoparticles have fascinated scientists and engineering communities for over a century because of their unique physical and chemical properties. In recent years, continuous advances in design and fabrication of anisotropic nanoparticles have opened new avenues for application in various areas of biology, chemistry and physics. Anisotropic nanoparticles have the plasmon absorption in the visible as well as near-infrared (NIR) region, which enables them to be used for crucial applications such as biological imaging, medical diagnostics and therapy ("theranostics"). Here, we describe the progress in anisotropic nanoparticles achieved since the millennium in the area of preparation including various shapes and modification of the particle surface, and in areas of application by providing examples of applications in biosensing, bio-imaging, drug delivery and theranostics. Furthermore, we also explain various mechanisms involved in cellular uptake of anisotropic nanoparticles, and conclude with our opinion on various obstacles that limit their applications in biomedical field. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Anisotropy at the molecular level has always fascinated scientists and engineering communities for over a century, however, the research on novel methods through which shape and size of nanoparticles can be precisely controlled has opened new avenues for anisotropic nanoparticles in various areas of biology, chemistry and physics. In this manuscript, we describe progress achieved since the millennium in the areas of preparation of various shapes of anisotropic nanoparticles, investigate various methods involved in modifying the surface of these NPs, and provide examples of applications in biosensing and bio-imaging, drug delivery and theranostics. We also present mechanisms involved in cellular uptake of nanoparticles, describe different methods of preparation of anisotropic nanoparticles including biomimetic and photochemical synthesis, and conclude with our opinion on various obstacles that limit their applications in biomedical field.