Side effects of COVID-19 vaccines among Iranian healthcare workers: a retrospective cohort study.

INTRODUCTION: This study assessed the incidence and severity of side effects associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination among healthcare workers registered with the Medical Council of the Islamic Republic of Iran. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on the healthcare workers focusing on the side-effects of COVID-19 vaccines from March to June 2021. Data were collected using online questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between side effects of the vaccines and demographic variables, comorbidities, vaccine type, and history of COVID-19. RESULTS: Out of 42,018 people who were included, 55.85% reported at least one side effect after receiving the first vaccine dose. 4.59% of those with side effects sought diagnostic intervention or were referred to treatment centers. Multivariable logistic regression indicated that being a woman, higher education, having a history of COVID-19 infection, and having comorbidities increased the risk of side effects. The AstraZeneca vaccine significantly increased the risk of side effects compared to the Sputnik vaccine, while the Sinopharm vaccine decreased this risk. The risk of developing a side effect decreased with age. The risk of moderate and severe side effects was significantly associated with gender, younger age, comorbidities, and a history of COVID-19 infection. Moderate and severe side effects were less reported by those who received the Sinopharm vaccine. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical complications after COVID-19 vaccination, directly or indirectly caused by the vaccines, are common. However, the benefits of COVID-19 vaccines greatly outweigh the risk of reversible side effects, especially among the high-risk population.

The role of military medicine and the significance of training military medicine.

Military forces are exposed to various kinds of special diseases for their occupational condition. As an academic discipline, Military Medicine serves to meet the healthcare needs of the forces. Professional Military Medicine has started working nearly from modern wars time in the 20th century. Regarding the growing global trends of war, terrorism, and natural disasters as well as modern changes in war strategies, weapons, and their consequences, Military Medicine is undergoing an evolution process. This review study was conducted to investigate the role and place of Military Medicine and the related approaches, medical curriculum, and the priority of developing specialized academic subfields of Military Medicine in Iran. Military physicians are in great need of knowledge, attitude, and skills. Today, Military Medicine includes a specialized approach, mobility, resuscitation, and stabilization of the injured as well as pre-hospital practices. Developing a specialized field for military emergency medicine with a special curriculum has been a priority in Iran that can meet the requirements of military forces for successful missions. Medical medicine departments of Military Medicine schools require new educational plans and curricula with specialized Military Medicine approaches and developments based on emerging needs. The most appropriate and the best option for military missions and emergencies in Iran is the physicians educated and specialized in Military Medicine.

Planning basics of need-based trauma training in asymmetric warfare focusing elements, materials, and sources of training.

Introduction and Aim: Trauma is one of the major causes of death and inability among populations serving on battlefields. Hence, all active forces on battlefields need to be prepared to cope with trauma. Therefore, training on trauma is a requirement for the battlefield, and achieving it is possible through need/facility-based training. Besides, one of the 10 elements of Akker is the educational and sources and materials component. Nowadays, educational resources have certainly changed significantly compared to previous decades. These days, sources like digital libraries, e-books, multimedia elements, podcasts, self-study, or training software are among the most important sources that seem to be very important with the expansion of technology. Methods: In the present study, which is a qualitative validation study conducted in winter and spring 2021 in Tehran, Iran, the participants were selected from among experts and trauma fields practitioners active in warfare. Findings: The inclusion criteria were willingness to participate in the study, having a history of treatment practice, and training trauma in battlefields.

The basics of trauma needs-based training in asymmetric warfare.

INTRODUCTION: Trauma is the leading cause of mortality and one of the main causes of disability among the active populations in the battlefields. Therefore, trauma education is an important need for asymmetric warfare, which is met through training based on existing needs and possibilities. METHODS: In this qualitative study, validated using Delphi technique in Tehran in 2019, the participants were selected from the experts and activities in the field of trauma in asymmetric warfare. Inclusion criteria included willingness to participate in the research, history of treatment activity, and trauma training in asymmetric warfare. This study is based on the two axes: (1) Investigating existing upstream documents and resources on trauma in asymmetric warfare. (2) Conducting structured interviews (based on training elements and trauma experiences in asymmetric warfare) with trauma experts and professors in asymmetric warfare. RESULTS: The results obtained from the above resources, are defined and classified as 10 element training model (Akker). These results and related tables have also been reviewed and validated by trauma experts. CONCLUSION: The achievements of the present research explained the dimensions and indicators of trauma needs based training in asymmetric warfare that is an effective approach to increase the effectiveness of trauma learning and training in asymmetric warfare and increase the cost effectiveness. It is also an effective approach to organize trauma preparedness for all troops present in asymmetric warfare and can be presented as an operational protocol in terms of methodology and roadmap.