Coronary Bioresorbable metallic stents:Advancements and future perspectives.

Percutaneous coronary intervention is a critical treatment for coronary artery disease, particularly myocardial infarction, and is highly recommended in clinical guidelines. Traditional metallic stents, although initially effective, remain permanently in the artery and can lead to complications such as in-stent restenosis, late thrombosis, and chronic inflammation. Given the temporary need for stenting and the potential for late complications, bioresorbable stents have emerged as a promising alternative. However, bioresorbable polymeric stents have encountered significant clinical challenges due to their low mechanical strength and ductility, which increase the risks of thrombosis and local inflammation. Consequently, bioresorbable metals are being considered as a superior option for coronary stents. This review examines the progress of bioresorbable metallic stents from both preclinical and clinical perspectives, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for future research. Iron, zinc, and magnesium are the primary materials used for these stents. Zinc-based bioresorbable stents have shown promise in preclinical studies due to their biocompatibility and vascular protective properties, although human clinical studies are still limited. Magnesium-based stents have demonstrated positive clinical outcomes, being fully absorbed within 12 months and showing low rates of late lumen loss and target lesion failure at 6- and 12-months post-implantation. Initial trials of iron-based stents have indicated favorable mid-term safety and efficacy, with complete absorption by the body within three years and consistent luminal expansion beyond six months post-implantation. Despite these advancements, further trials are needed for comprehensive validation. In conclusion, while current materials do not fully meet the ideal requirements, ongoing research should focus on developing bioresorbable stents with enhanced performance characteristics to better meet clinical needs.

[Cluster Analysis and Ablation Success Rate in Atrial Fibrillation Patients Undergoing Catheter Ablation]. / æˆ¿é¢¤å°„é¢‘æ¶ˆèžæ‚£è€ çš„èšç±»åˆ†æžåŠæ¶ˆèžæˆåŠŸçŽ‡è¯„ä»·.

Objective: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a disease of high heterogeneity, and the association between AF phenotypes and the outcome of different catheter ablation strategies remains unclear. Conventional classification of AF (e.g. according to duration, atrial size, and thromboembolism risk) fails to provide reference for the optimal stratification of the prognostic risks or to guide individualized treatment plan. In recent years, research on machine learning has found that cluster analysis, an unsupervised data-driven approach, can uncover the intrinsic structure of data and identify clusters of patients with pathophysiological similarity. It has been demonstrated that cluster analysis helps improve the characterization of AF phenotypes and provide valuable prognostic information. In our cohort of AF inpatients undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation, we used unsupervised cluster analysis to identify patient subgroups, to compare them with previous studies, and to evaluate their association with different suitable ablation patterns and outcomes. Methods: The participants were AF patients undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation at West China Hospital between October 2015 and December 2017. All participants were aged 18 years or older. They underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation during their hospitalization. They completed the follow-up process under explicit informed consent. Patients with AF of a reversible cause, severe mitral stenosis or prosthetic heart valve, congenital heart disease, new-onset acute coronary syndrome within three months prior to the surgery, or a life expectancy less than 12 months were excluded according to the exclusion criteria. The cohort consisted of 1102 participants with paroxysmal or persistent/long-standing persistent AF. Data on 59 variables representing demographics, AF type, comorbidities, therapeutic history, vital signs, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings, and laboratory findings were collected. Overall, data for the variables were rarely missing (<5%), and multiple imputation was used for correction of missing data. Follow-up surveys were conducted through outpatient clinic visits or by telephone. Patients were scheduled for follow-up with 12-lead resting electrocardiography and 24-hours Holter monitoring at 3 months and 6 months after the ablation procedure. Early ablation success was defined as the absence of documented AF, atrial flutter, or atrial tachycardia >30 seconds at 6-month follow-up. Hierarchical clustering was performed on the 59 baseline variables. All characteristic variables were standardized to have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one. Initially, each patient was regarded as a separate cluster, and the distance between these clusters was calculated. Then, the Ward minimum variance method of clustering was used to merge the pair of clusters with the minimum total variance. This process continued until all patients formed one whole cluster. The "NbClust" package in R software, capable of calculating various statistical indices, including pseudo t2 index, cubic clustering criterion, silhouette index etc, was applied to determine the optimal number of clusters. The most frequently chosen number of clusters by these indices was selected. A heatmap was generated to illustrate the clinical features of clusters, while a tree diagram was used to depict the clustering process and the heterogeneity among clusters. Ablation strategies were compared within each cluster regarding ablation efficacy. Results: Five statistically driven clusters were identified: 1) the younger age cluster (n=404), characterized by the lowest prevalence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular comorbidities but the highest prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (14.4%); 2) a cluster of elderly adults with chronic diseases (n=438), the largest cluster, showing relatively higher rates of hypertension, diabetes, stroke, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; 3) a cluster with high prevalence of sinus node dysfunction (n=160), with patients showing the highest prevalence of sick sinus syndrome and pacemaker implantation; 4) the heart failure cluster (n=80), with the highest prevalence of heart failure (58.8%) and persistent/long-standing persistent AF (73.7%); 5) prior coronary artery revascularization cluster (n=20), with patients of the most advanced age (median: 69.0 years old) and predominantly male patients, all of whom had prior myocardial infarction and coronary artery revascularization. Patients in cluster 2 achieved higher early ablation success with pulmonary veins isolation alone compared to extensive ablation strategies (79.6% vs. 66.5%; odds ratio [OR]=1.97, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.28-3.03). Although extensive ablation strategies had a slightly higher success rate in the heart failure group, the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: This study provided a unique classification of AF patients undergoing catheter ablation by cluster analysis. Age, chronic disease, sinus node dysfunction, heart failure and history of coronary artery revascularization contributed to the formation of the five clinically relevant subtypes. These subtypes showed differences in ablation success rates, highlighting the potential of cluster analysis in guiding individualized risk stratification and treatment decisions for AF patients.

"Honeycomb" Photothermal Lubricated Porous Foam with Low-Temperature, Weak-Light, Anti-Icing/Deicing, and Long-Lasting Lubrication Properties.

The prevalence of icing in nature has become a significant threat to human work and life, prompting the development of more energy-efficient active/passive combination anti-icing/deicing technologies. In order to overcome the disadvantage of the poor durability of superhydrophobic surfaces, lubricated surfaces inspired by nepenthes have been preferred. In this study, a paraffin and silicone oil-infused photothermal foam (PSIPF) with excellent overall performance was prepared using polypyrrole (PPy) as a photothermal conversion material, a mixture of silicone oil and paraffin as a lubricating fluid, and melamine foam (MF) as a carrier. The surface adhesive strength is less than 20 kPa at -20 °C, the melting time is only 1018 s at an irradiance of 200 W/m2 and -20 °C (0.2 sun), and surface droplets do not freeze within 1 h at -10 °C. Furthermore, the surface exhibits excellent mechanical durability and stability, maintaining optimal lubrication properties following repeated cycles of icing/deicing, water rinsing, and immersion for 2 days in acid and alkaline conditions. This photothermal lubricated surface with excellent anti-icing/deicing properties at low temperatures and in weak-light environments provides a wider range of applications for equipment at high latitudes and high altitudes.

Correction: Lonicera japonica Thunb. as a promising antibacterial agent for Bacillus cereus ATCC14579 based on network pharmacology, metabolomics, and in vitro experiments.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D3RA00802A.].

Nesprin-2 is a novel scaffold protein for telethonin and FHL-2 in the cardiomyocyte sarcomere.

Nesprins comprise a family of multi-isomeric scaffolding proteins, forming the linker of nucleoskeleton-and-cytoskeleton complex with lamin A/C, emerin and SUN1/2 at the nuclear envelope. Mutations in nesprin-1/-2 are associated with Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) with conduction defects and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). We have previously observed sarcomeric staining of nesprin-1/-2 in cardiac and skeletal muscle, but nesprin function in this compartment remains unknown. In this study, we show that specific nesprin-2 isoforms are highly expressed in cardiac muscle and localize to the Z-disc and I band of the sarcomere. Expression of GFP-tagged nesprin-2 giant spectrin repeats 52 to 53, localized to the sarcomere of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Yeast two-hybrid screening of a cardiac muscle cDNA library identified telethonin and four-and-half LIM domain (FHL)-2 as potential nesprin-2 binding partners. GST pull-down and immunoprecipitation confirmed the individual interactions between nesprin-2/telethonin and nesprin-2/FHL-2, and showed that nesprin-2 and telethonin binding was dependent on telethonin phosphorylation status. Importantly, the interactions between these binding partners were impaired by mutations in nesprin-2, telethonin, and FHL-2 identified in EDMD with DCM and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients. These data suggest that nesprin-2 is a novel sarcomeric scaffold protein that may potentially participate in the maintenance and/or regulation of sarcomeric organization and function.

Sulfonic Functionalized Polydopamine Coatings with pH-Independent Surface Charge for Optimizing Capillary Electrophoretic Separations.

Enhancing the pH-independence and controlling the magnitude of electroosmotic flow (EOF) are critical for highly efficient and reproducible capillary electrophoresis (CE) separations. Herein, we present a novel capillary modification method utilizing sulfonated periodate-induced polydopamine (SPD) coating to achieve pH-independent and highly reproducible cathodic EOF in CE. The SPD-coated capillaries were obtained through post-sulfonation treatment of periodate-induced PDA (PDA-SP) coatings adhered on the capillary inner surface. The successful immobilization of the SPD coating and the substantial grafting of sulfonic acid groups were confirmed by a series of characterization techniques. The excellent capability of PDA-SP@capillary in masking silanol groups and maintaining a highly robust EOF mobility was verified. Additionally, the parameters of sulfonation affecting the EOF mobilities were thoroughly examined. The obtained optimum SPD-coated column offered the anticipated highly pH-independent and high-strength cathodic EOF, which is essential for enhancing the CE separation performance and improving analysis efficiency. Consequently, the developed SPD-coated capillaries enabled successful high-efficiency separation of aromatic acids and nucleosides and rapid cyclodextrin-based chiral analysis of racemic drugs. Moreover, the SPD-coated columns exhibited a long lifetime and demonstrated good intra-day, inter-day, and column-to-column repeatability.

Institutional gap and enterprise behavior: Evidence from China.

Alternative institutions have played a significant role in the difficult and tenacious development process of private enterprises in recent decades. the paper applied 306 listed companies' data from January 2012 to December 2022 to investigate the relationship between institutional gap and enterprise behavior. Based on the identified, classified, and explained formal and alternative institutions, it proposed the concept of 'institutional gap' to infer the overlapped content of these two states. Concluding from the empirical results, Chinese private enterprises that introduced state-owned equity outperformance in management, financing and entering industries with high barriers. Moreover, the channel of state-owned equity introduction is compared with entrepreneurs' political participation. Although introducing state-owned equity is a crucial approach, the establishment and improvement of relevant legal systems is suggested, such as formal regulations and laws. The government should deepen the reform of the economic system to improve the business environment, so private enterprises consciously rely on market mechanisms to allocate resources efficiently and rationally, instead of actively seeking connections with the government to obtain benefits. The supervisory role of checks and balances shareholders should be exerted to the greatest extent to maintain and increase the value of state-owned assets, rather than allowing the controlling private shareholders to use them as resources acquired political capital.

Preparation of Rehmanniae Radix Juice for Baihe Dihuangtang Based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo compare the four preparation methods of Rehmanniae Radix juice described in ancient literature and find the method that is most suitable for the preparation of Rehmanniae Radix juice used in Baihe Dihuangtang. MethodThe ancient medical books record four methods for preparing Rehmanniae Radix juice： crushing fresh Rehmanniae Radix for juice， steaming fresh Rehmanniae Radix for juice， boiling fresh Rehmanniae Radix for juice， and boiling dry Rehmanniae Radix for juice. Ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF-MS） was employed to detect the compounds in the four juice samples， followed by principal component analysis （PCA）. Result① Totally 27 compounds were identified in the juice samples， including 10 iridoid glycosides， 14 phenylethanoid glycosides， 2 phenolic acids， and 1 irisone. Among them， 15 common compounds were shared by the four juice samples， including 7 iridoid glycosides， 7 phenylethanoid glycosides， and 1 phenolic acid. ② Five common compounds in the four juice samples can be matched with the reference standards， which were catalpol， aucubin， rehmannioside D， ajugol， and purpureaside C. ③ Verbascoside and isoacteoside were not detected in the juice prepared by crushing fresh Rehmanniae Radix， while it was detected in the other three juice samples， which indicated that the two components were produced after heating rather than being the original components in fresh Rehmanniae Radix. ④ The comparison of the ion fragments demonstrated that verbascoside was produced from purpureaside C after the cleavage of the glycosidic bond and removal of a molecule of mannose. ⑤ Isoacteoside could be isomerized from verbascoside， and its relative content increased with the extension of heating time. However， the relative content of verbascoside and purpureaside C did not decrease significantly. Therefore， it was hypothesized that purpureaside C was produced from its upstream component. ConclusionThe juice prepared by crushing fresh Rehmanniae Radix has the chemical composition significantly different from the juice samples prepared with the other 3 methods， while the latter 3 juice samples had similar chemical composition. Although all the four methods can be used， it is more suitable to prepare Rehmanniae Radix juice by steaming fresh Rehmanniae Radix， boiling fresh Rehmanniae Radix， and boiling dry Rehmanniae Radix.

Study on quality status of mineral medicine Calamina / 中国中药杂志

In this paper, some quality problems of mineral medicine Calamina and calcined Calamina have been discussed after determination and analysis of the quality parameters of a large number of market samples, and the countermeasures are put forward. According to the XRD results, as well as the results of tests included in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition), the authenticity of Calamina and calcined Calamina samples were identified. The content of zinc oxide in samples were determined by the method of determination in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Individually, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES) and atomic fluorescence spectrometry(AFS) methods were used for the determination of impurity elements and harmful elements in Calamina and calcined Calamina samples. Four kinds of impurity elements of magnesium(Mg), iron(Fe), aluminum(Al), calcium(Ca) and five harmful elements such as lead(Pb), cadmium(Cd), arsenic(As), copper(Cu), mercury(Hg) were measured. The study showed that: ① Fake Calamina products on the market were overflowing; ② The mineral origin of the mainstream Calamina in the market is inconsistent with that stipulated in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition); ③ The contents of harmful elements Pb and Cd in Calamina and calcined Calamina are generally higher, while the contents of harmful elements As and Cu in some inferior Calaminae are higher; ④ Parts of calcined Calamina were improperly or inadequately processed. In view of these quality problems, the countermeasures are put forward as follows: ① It is suggested that hydrozincite should be approved as the mineral source of Calamina, and be included by Chinese Pharmacopoeia; ② Strengthen the research on the specificity of Calamina identification methods to improve the quality control level; ③ Strengthen the research on the processing of Calamina, and formulate the limit standards for the content of Pb and Cd in Calamina; ④ Carry out research on the artificial synthesis of Calamina and calcined Calamina, in order to cope with the current shortage of Calamina resources and ensure the sustainable development of Calamina medicinal materials.

Study on antipyretic effect of rhubarb on rats and its antipyretic ingredients / 中国中药杂志

A combination of LC-MS technology and activity evaluation was used to identify the antipyretic ingredients in rhubarb. The rat model of fever was established with dried yeast and then was administered ethanol extract and different polar fractions of rhubarb. Next, the anal temperature of these rats was measured and recorded at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 h after administration, and the inhibition rate of each part on the rise of body temperature was calculated. The inhibition rate is higher and the antipyretic effect is better. The chemical composition of the effective fraction was analyzed with UPLC-ESI-Orbitrap-MS/MS technology. Compared with the model group, the increase of body temperature of ethanol extract group all reduced at each measurement time especially after 3 h, and the inhibition rate were 38.7%(P<0.05), 78.2%(P<0.01) and 72.4%(P<0.01) at 3 h, 4 h, and 5 h after administration, respectively. Both n-butanol and water fraction showed some antipyretic activity in the early stage, with the inhibition rate of 28.1%(P<0.01) and 24.9%(P<0.05) at 1 h after administration, respectively, while other fractions were not active. Thirty-three and twelve compounds were identified from n-butanol and water fraction by LC-MS/MS analysis, respectively, including ten tannins, fifteen anthraquinone glycosides, four anthrone glycosides, one phenolic glycoside, one naphthaline derivative, one anthraquinone and one sucrose. These results revealed that rhubarb had antipyretic activity on rats, and tannin and anthraquinone glycosides were the main active ingredients inside.

Correlation between changes of body fat distribution and insulin resistance after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass / 国际外科学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass(LYGB) on body fat distribution,and relationship between the changes of body fat distribution and improvement of insulin resistance.Methods A total of 65 patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent LYGB were selected for a retrospective analysis.Metabolic parameters,anthropometric measurements,body composition and fat distribution measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) were collected separately before and 6 months post LYGB.All data of pre-and postoperation were compared with pair t test,Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate correlation of two variables.Results Weight,body mass index,waist circumference,waist-to-hip ratio,triglyceride,fasting plasma glucose,fasting insulin and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were significantly decreased in 6 months after surgery (P ＜ 0.05).Total fat mass,body fat mass of trunk,upper and lower limbs decreased significantly (P ＜0.05).Percent fat mass at the whole body,Android region,upper and lower limbs decreased significantly (P ＜0.05).After 6 months postoperatively,abdominal obesity indices waist circumfernce decreased from (98.10±13.03) cm to (91.60±7.68) cm (P＜0.01) and percent fat mass at the Android region decreased from (35.71 ±10.24)％ to (29.44 ± 12.11) ％ (P＜0.05),HOMA-IR decreased from 3.62 ± 5.18 to 1.79 ± 1.52 (P ＜ 0.05).The improvement of postoperative insulin resistance is positively correlated with the changes in waist circumference (P ＜0.01) and percent fat mass of Android region (P ＜0.05).Conclusions The body fat distribution changes after LYGB,change of abdominal fat distribution is positively correlated to the improvement of insulin resistance.

Quality of life and influence factors in patients with fever of unknown origin / 现代临床护理

Objective To understand the current situation and influencing factors of quality of life of hospitalized patients with fever of unknown origin. Method A cross-sectional study of 212 cases of fever of unknown origin in our department was carried out using the quality of life scale and the self-made general information questionnaire. Results The life quality score and its demension scores including physical function,physical responsibility,pain,genernal health activity,social function,and psychological health were lower than those of the norm(all P<0.001). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that age, duration of fever, and monthly income per family, marriage status were the most important influencing factors. Conclusions The quality of life of patients with unexplained fever is not optimistic. Attention should be paid to the measures for improving the quality of life of elderly and single patients who have a longer course and lower per capita income.

Morphological and microscopical identification of Genkwa Ramulus and its adulterants / 中国中药杂志

The purpose of this article is to identify Daphne genkwa and its adulterants, Wikstroemia chamaedaphne, according to the morphological and microstructure characteristics of their stem and foliage. The root of D.genkwa was studied simultaneously. The results indicated that the crude drug and processed pieces of Genkwa Ramulus were mainly composed of stems and branches where obvious opposite petiole scars and branch marks were able to be seen on their nodes. Otherwise, foliage or peduncles generally couldn't be found. Moreover, the fine silver flocculent fibers could be observed in the bark of fracture surface. The adulterants were the plant segments which were composed of stems, foliage and peduncles with spikelet-pedicel scars. There existed microstructures differences between Genkwa Ramulus and its adulterants. In the former, single thick lignified phloem fibers were interspersed in the stem phloem of the transverse section with very thick wall and unicellular non-glandular hairs could be observed on the lower epidermis of foliage. Nevertheless, in the latter, there was no thick lignified phloem fibers in cross section of stem phloem, the outer wall of epidermal cells of foliage hadthick cuticles and no non-glandular hairs in lower epidermis of foliage. The results can be used for the identification and the quality standard of the crude drug and processed pieces of D.genkwa.The characteristics of the microstructures and the transverse section can be used to identify the radix D.genkwa.

Exploration research on hepatotoxic constituents from Polygonum multiflorum root / 中国中药杂志

By observing the cytotoxic effects of anthraquinones on HepG2 cell and using the precision-cut liver slices technique to authenticate the cytotoxic constituents, the paper aims to explore the material basis of Polygonum multiflorum root to cause liver toxicity. Firstly, MTT method was used to detect the effect of 11 anthraquinone derivatives on HepG2 cell. Then, the clear cytotoxic ingredients were co-cultured with rat liver slices for 6h respectively, and the liver tissue homogenate was prepared. BCA method was used to determine the content of protein in the homogenate and continuous monitoring method was used to monitor the leakage of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamine amino transpeptidase (GGT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The toxic effect of these ingredients on liver tissue was tested by calculating the leakage rate of the monitored enzymes. As a result, rhein, emodin, physcion-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and physcion-8-O-(6'-O-acetyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside showed cytotoxic effects on HepG2 cell and their IC₅₀ values were 71.07, 125.62, 242.27, 402.32 μmol•L⁻¹ respectively, but the other 7 compounds are less toxic and their IC₅₀ values can not be calculated. The precision-cut liver slices tests showed that rhein group of 400 μmol•L⁻¹ concentration significantly increased the leakage rate of ALT, AST and LDH (P<0.01), and the rhein group of 100 μmol•L⁻¹ concentration only increased the leakage rate of LDH (P<0.05). With the increase of rhein concentration, the protein content in liver slices decreased significantly (P<0.05) with a certain range of does. Emodin group of 400 μmol•L⁻¹ concentration significantly increased the leakage rate of ALT, GGT and LDH (P<0.01). Physcion-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside group of 800 μmol•L⁻¹ concentration also significantly increased the leakage rate of ALT, AST and LDH (P<0.01 or P<0.05), but the group of 200 μmol•L⁻¹ concentration only significantly increased the LDH leakage (P<0.05). Along with the increase of the concentration of physcion-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, the leakage rate of ALT, AST and LDH showed a trend of increase, but the protein content in liver slices was in decline. Furthermore, MTT reduction ability of liver slices significantly decreased (P<0.01) in the physcion-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside group of 800 μmol•L⁻¹ concentration. The results suggested that rhein, emodin and physcion-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside at high concentrations (≥400 μmol•L⁻¹) can produce some damage to the liver tissue. However, the exposure levels of these constituents are very low, so to reach the toxic concentration (400 μmol•L⁻¹ or 800 μmol•L⁻¹) an adult of 65 kg body weight will need at least a single oral 4 898 g, 339 g and 5 581 g of P.multiflorum root respectively, which is far from the statutory dose of crude P. multiflorum root (3-6 g) or its processed product (6-12 g). Therefore, the conclusion that anthraquinones are the prime constituents of the hepatotoxicity of P. multiflorum root are still not be proved.

Simultaneous determination of 12 mycotoxins in Polygoni Multiflori Radix by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS combined with modified QuEChERS / 中国中药杂志

To investigate the cause of liver toxicity induced by Polygoni Multiflori Radix through determining various mycotoxins in it. An UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method was developed and established to simultaneously determine 12 mycotoxins, Aflatoxins B₁, B₂, G₁, G₂, Ochratoxins A and B, Fumonisins B₁ and B₂,T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone, in rawand processed Polygon iMultiflori Radix. The sample was extracted with modified QuEChERS method, and then was separatedon a WelchUltimate XBC₁₈ column by gradient elution using methanol and 2 mmol•L⁻¹ ammonium acetate aqueous solution containing 0.1% acetic acidas mobile phase. The analytes were detected in MRM mode by mass spectrometry and determined by external standard method. This method made a good linearity in the 0.1-200 μg•kg⁻¹ with correlation coefficients of 0.996 3-0.999 9. The average recoveries of 12 mycotoxins at three spiked concentration levels were ranged from 71.19% to 98.68% with relative standard deviations of 1.7%-13%. This method is simple, sensitive, accurate and suitable for the quantification of 12 mycotoxins in Polygoni Multiflori Radix.As a result, 15 batches were found fungus contamination and total 8 kinds of mycotoxins including AFB₁, AFG₂, FB₁, OTB, T-2, HT-2, FB2 and OTA were detected, and their contentswere between 0.51-1 643.2 μg•kg⁻¹. Among these contaminated samples, AFB1 was detected in one batch of processed Polygoni Multiflori Radix with the content of 6.8 μg•kg⁻¹ beyond its limit standard 5 μg•kg⁻¹. Since AFB₁ has clear liver toxicity, we deduced that the mouldy samples may be one of the important causes of Polygoni Multiflori Radix causing liver toxicity.

Rapid extraction of DNA from Chinese medicinal products by alkaline lysis / 中国中药杂志

The study is aimed to explore a rapid method to extract DNA from fried Chinese medicinal products. The alkaline lysis buffer was made of sodium hydroxide, 1% PVP and 1% TritonX-100 and Tris-HCl solution was neutralized, through heat cracking and neutralization two step to extract DNA from processed and prepared products of traditional Chinese medicine. Then universal primes were used to amplify PCR products for fired Chinese medicinal materials. The results indicated the optimized alkaline lysis method for extracting DNA is quick and easy. Extracting of the different processed Sophora japonica of DNA concentration was (420.61 ± 123.91) g x L(-1). Using 5% Chelex-100 resin purification can improve the DNA concentration. Our results showed that the optimized alkaline lysis method is suitable for Chinese medicinal materials for quickly DNA extraction.

Studies on chemical constituents in Flos Sophorae Carbonisatus / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the chemical constituents in Flos Sophorae Carbonisatus.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Silica gel column chromatography was used to separate and purify the chemical constituents. The structures were elucidated by spectral analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Six compounds were isolated from Flos Sophorae Carbionisatus, and their structures were elucidated as maltol (1), 3-hydroxypyridine (2), malto-3-O-[6'-O-(4"-hydroxy-tans-cinnamoyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), 3-O-[beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl] sophoradiol ethyl ester (4), 3-O-[beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl] sophoradiol methyl ester (5), rutin (6).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>4 is a new compound, and 1,2,3,5 were first reported from Flos Sophorae Carbonisatus.</p>

Study on the history of the processing of flos sophorae / 中国中药杂志

By collecting and analyzing the information of the processing of Flos Sophorae in ancient and recent literatures, we discovered that such methods as steaming, boiling, stir-frying and baking had been used before Qing Dynasty. There were more than 10 kinds of different decoction pieces due to different subsidiary agents and distinction of processing degree. In modern times, besides stir-frying with vinegar used in Jilin, stir-flying with honey used in Henan and Shandong, being crude, yellowing by stir-frying and carbonizing by stir-frying are used in other places. This research has provided useful information for the modern processing study by summarizing the previous experiences earnestly.