Oxalobacter formigenes reduce the risk of kidney stones in patients exposed to oral antibiotics: a case-control study.

This is the first prospective study to investigate the association between kidney stones, bone mineral density, serum testosterone, colon cancer and O. formigenes colonization. 40 kidney stone patients and 85 controls were enrolled. O. formigenes colonization was established. BMD was examined from T- and Z-scores using dual energy absorptiometry. O. formigenes was found in 28 of 40 cases and 80 of 85 controls. BMD was significantly reduced in patients (p < 0.05). The evaluation revealed a significant association between lowered O. formigenes colonization and low testosterone. Urinary calcium and oxalates levels were greater in patient. Serum testosterone and urinary citrate concentrations was reduced in patients with a significant difference. Also an association between O. formigenes and colon cancer was noted. Absence of O. formigenes might stand for a pathogenic factor in calcium oxalate stone, low bone mineral density, low testosterone levels and also colon cancer, when antibiotics are prescribed generously.

Paclitaxel and spirulina co-loaded polymeric nanoparticles: in-vitro and in-vivo anticancer study

Paclitaxel spirulina nanoparticles were said to have promising anticancer activity against gastric cancer. Nanoparticles of paclitaxel-spirulina were prepared for treating gastric cancer using precipitation technique. The synergistic anticancer efficiency againstMKN45 cells retains when the paclitaxel and spirulina were encapsulated into nanoparticles. To increase the site specific delivery, intra-tumoral administration was carried in the in vivo evaluation. There was an increase in overall survival in an MKN45-transplanted mice model and notable improvement in anti-tumour efficacy when paclitaxel-spirulina nanoparticles were delivered through intra-tumoral administration. The further investigation of overall anticancer mechanism of these nanoparticles is made as a major part in this research. Hence, the conjecture of this research is that, the paclitaxel-spirulina encapsulated nanoparticles could be an effective chemotherapeutic formulation for gastric cancer.