Case Report: Clonorchis sinensis Infection Associated with Eosinophilic Pneumonia.

Clonorchis sinensis, a trematode prevalent in East Asia, causes hepatobiliary infection. Exposure typically occurs through ingestion of raw or undercooked fish containing the encysted larval form of the parasite. Extrahepatobiliary disease has not commonly been described. In this case report, we describe an unusual case of C. sinensis infection associated with eosinophilic pneumonia. A middle-aged man from China presented with subacute cough and was found to have a bilateral diffuse eosinophilic pneumonia with associated peripheral eosinophilia. Stool microscopy revealed C. sinensis eggs, and the patient improved after treatment with prednisone and praziquantel. Pulmonary clonorchiasis should be considered in patients with eosinophilic pneumonia from areas highly endemic for this pathogen.

Pediatric spontaneous tension pneumothorax in Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare hematologic disorder caused by the proliferation of specialized dendritic cells. Pulmonary manifestations occur in 20% to 50% of multisystem disease, but isolated pulmonary disease is rare. Spontaneous pneumothorax occurs in up to 10% of pediatric pulmonary cases. We present the case of a 3-year-old boy who presented for tachypnea and chest pain with cough, rhinorrhea, and congestion. He was discharged with a diagnosis of upper respiratory infection. The patient returned to the emergency department and was found to have a tension pneumothorax, which was emergently treated with thoracostomy. The subsequent workup revealed Langerhans cell histiocytosis with pulmonary disease and jaw involvement. Although tension pneumothorax is often associated with trauma, several medical conditions are predispositional.