Asunto(s)
Glomerulonefritis Membranoproliferativa/complicaciones , Enfermedad de Graves/complicaciones , Riñón/patología , Síndrome Nefrótico/etiología , Adulto , Biopsia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Glomerulonefritis Membranoproliferativa/diagnóstico , Enfermedad de Graves/diagnóstico , Humanos , Síndrome Nefrótico/diagnósticoRESUMEN
The role of norepinephrine (NE) in the immunopathology of experimental tuberculosis (TB) was studied by measuring pulmonary NE and determining its cellular sources and targets. Functional studies were performed administrating adrenergic and anti-adrenergic drugs at different TB phases. Results showed high production of NE during early infection by adrenergic nerve terminals and lymphocytes located in the lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes, these cells highly expressed ß2 adreno-receptors (ß2AR) which by an autocrine mechanism promote Th-1 cell differentiation favoring protection. During advanced infection, the production of NE and ß2AR sharply decreased, suggesting that adrenergic activity is less important during late TB.
Asunto(s)
Sistema Nervioso Simpático/fisiología , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/inmunología , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/patología , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/terapia , Agonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 2/uso terapéutico , Animales , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Fumarato de Formoterol/uso terapéutico , Pulmón/metabolismo , Pulmón/patología , Linfocitos/metabolismo , Linfocitos/patología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/fisiología , Norepinefrina/metabolismo , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 2/metabolismo , Células Madre , Factores de Tiempo , Tirosina 3-Monooxigenasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
Recent studies suggest that catecholamines (CAs) and acetylcholine (ACh) play essential roles in the crosstalk between microbes and the immune system. Host cholinergic afferent fibers sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns and trigger efferent cholinergic and catecholaminergic pathways that alter immune cell proliferation, differentiation, and cytokine production. On the other hand, microbes have the ability to produce and degrade ACh and also regulate autogenous functions in response to CAs. Understanding the role played by these neurotransmitters in host-microbe interactions may provide valuable information for the development of novel therapies.