Upper and lower limb bone mass accrual in adolescent footballers across a short period of training and competition

Abstract Objectives: To analyze bone mineral content (BMC) and area bone mineral density (aBMD) accrual in adolescent male footballers who started their first football season. Methods: 17 athletes (14.8 ± 0.4 years) were monitored across 15 weeks of football training. Participants were evaluated for somatic maturation (HPHV), BMC, and aBMD at three time points: before (M1) and after (M2) a preparatory phase, and at the end of the competitive phase (M3). BMC and aBMD were measured using DXA scans. Participants were divided into groups according to maturation status (circa-PHV and post-PHV), and the amount of accumulated training load (median split). Results: A significant effect (12.1 g/week, standard error (SE) = 2.6 g/week) was observed for lower limbs BMC across the three time points. There were no significant effects of time for upper limbs BMC. There was a significant effect of time for total body aBMD (0.007, SE = 0.003 g/cm2/week) across the three time points. Adolescents at post-PHV had a significant 245.6 g (SE = 56.1 g) higher BMC compared to adolescents at circa-PHV. No significant effects were observed for the accumulated training load. Conclusion: Systematic football training, even during the growth spurt, has a positive impact on adolescent bone markers despite the accumulated training load and maturation.

Prediction of compost organic matter via color sensor.

Composted materials serve as an effective soil nutrient amendment. Organic matter in compost plays an important role in quantifying composted materials overall quality and nutrient content. Measuring organic matter content traditionally takes considerable time, resources, and various laboratory equipment (e.g., oven, muffle furnace, crucibles, precision balance). Much like the quantitative color indices (e.g., sRGB R, sRGB G, sRGB B, CIEL*a* b*) derived from the low-cost NixPro2 color sensor have proven adept at predicting soil organic matter in-situ, the NixPro2 color sensor has the potential to be effective for predicting organic matter in composted materials without the need for traditional laboratory methods. In this study, a total of 200 compost samples (13 different compost types) were measured for organic matter content via traditional loss-on-ignition (LOI) and via the NixPro2 color sensor. The NixPro2 color sensor showed promising results with an LOI-prediction model utilizing the CIEL*a* b* color model through the application of the Generalized Additive Model (GAM) algorithm yielding an excellent prediction accuracy (validation R2 = 0.87, validation RMSE = 4.66 %). Moreover, the PCA scoreplot differentiated the three lowest organic matter compost types from the remaining 10 compost types. These results have valuable practical significance for the compost industry by predicting compost organic matter in real time without the need for laborious, time-consuming methods.

Influence of Fractional Inspired Oxygen Tension on Lung Perfusion Distribution, Regional Ventilation, and Lung Volume during Mechanical Ventilation of Supine Healthy Swine.

BACKGROUND: Lower fractional inspired oxygen tension (Fio2) during general anesthesia can reduce lung atelectasis. The objectives are to evaluate the effect of two Fio2 (0.4 and 1) during low positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) ventilation over lung perfusion distribution, volume, and regional ventilation. These variables were evaluated at two PEEP levels and unilateral lung atelectasis. METHODS: In this exploratory study, 10 healthy female piglets (32.3 ± 3.4 kg) underwent mechanical ventilation in two atelectasis models: (1) bilateral gravitational atelectasis (n = 6), induced by changes in PEEP and Fio2 in three combinations: high PEEP with low Fio2 (Fio2 = 0.4), zero PEEP (PEEP0) with low Fio2 (Fio2 = 0.4), and PEEP0 with high Fio2 (Fio2 = 1); and (2) unilateral atelectasis (n = 6), induced by left bronchial occlusion, with the left lung aerated (Fio2 = 0.21) and low aerated (Fio2 = 1; n = 5 for this step). Measurements were conducted after 10 min in each step, encompassing assessment of respiratory mechanics, oxygenation, and hemodynamics; lung ventilation and perfusion by electrical impedance tomography; and lung aeration and perfusion by computed tomography. RESULTS: During bilateral gravitational atelectasis, PEEP reduction increased atelectasis in dorsal regions, decreased respiratory compliance, and distributed lung ventilation to ventral regions with a parallel shift of perfusion to the same areas. With PEEP0, there were no differences between low and high Fio2 in respiratory compliance (23.9 ± 6.5 ml/cm H2O vs. 21.9 ± 5.0; P = 0.441), regional ventilation, and regional perfusion, despite higher lung collapse (18.6 ± 7.6% vs. 32.7 ± 14.5%; P = 0.045) with high Fio2. During unilateral lung atelectasis, the deaerated lung had a lower shunt (19.3 ± 3.6% vs. 25.3 ± 5.5%; P = 0.045) and lower computed tomography perfusion to the left lung (8.8 ± 1.8% vs. 23.8 ± 7.1%; P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: PEEP0 with low Fio2, compared with high Fio2, did not produce significant changes in respiratory system compliance, regional lung ventilation, and perfusion despite significantly lower lung collapse. After left bronchial occlusion, the shrinkage of the parenchyma with Fio2 = 1 enhanced hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, reducing intrapulmonary shunt and perfusion of the nonventilated areas.

Avaliação do perfil do egresso e da residência médica em ortopedia e traumatologia do HCFMRP-USP / Evaluation of the graduate profile and of the medical residency in orthopedics and traumatology at HCFMRP-USP

Resumo Introdução: Bons programas de residência médica (PRM) devem investir na estruturação e no desenvolvimento contínuo dos serviços de assistência no contexto da rede de saúde, na organização da estrutura de apoio às atividades didáticas e assistenciais, e na remuneração e capacitação contínua de preceptores e coordenadores. Objetivo: Este estudo observacional, transversal e descritivo buscou caracterizar o perfil dos egressos do Programa de Residência Médica em Ortopedia e Traumatologia (PRMOT) do HCFMRP-USP e coletar dados sobre as características do programa que orientem ações de aperfeiçoamento na metodologia de ensino. Método: Participaram do estudo egressos do PRMOT ou que concluíram os programas de complementação especializada e residência médica em cirurgia da mão entre 1964 e 2020. Resultado: Foi encaminhado um questionário a 302 indivíduos (73,6% do total de egressos), obtendo 214 respostas (70,8% dos indivíduos contatados ou 52,2% do total de egressos). Indivíduos do sexo masculino correspondem a 92,5% dos egressos, e 71,9% residem no estado de São Paulo. As duas subespecialidades mais cursadas foram cirurgia do joelho e da mão. A pós-graduação stricto sensu fez parte da formação acadêmica de 40,6% dos egressos, dos quais 60,7% trabalharam com ensino médico. Dos egressos, 71% atuam na subespecialidade escolhida. Na avaliação do ensino do PRMOT e do grau de satisfação profissional, os aspectos que se destacaram positivamente foram: capacitação para atendimento em níveis terciário e secundário, número de atendimentos, variabilidade dos casos e preparo para o mercado de trabalho. Os aspectos que se destacaram negativamente foram: remuneração mensal, carga horária de aulas teóricas e realização de procedimentos cirúrgicos. Conclusão: O estudo conseguiu traçar o perfil do egresso e determinar os pontos fortes e as oportunidades de melhoria do PRMOT do HCFMRP-USP.

Abstract Introduction: Good Medical Residency Programs (PRM) must invest in the structuring and continuous development of care services in the health network setting; in the organization of the support structure for teaching and care activities and in the remuneration and continuous training of preceptors and coordinators. Objective: This study is an observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive investigation aimed at providing an in-depth understanding of the characteristics of individuals who have successfully completed the medical residency program in Orthopedics and Traumatology (MRPOT) at the Clinic Hospital of the Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo. Additionally, the study seeks to gather comprehensive data regarding the features of the educational program in order to offer insights for potential enhancements. The study encompassed a total of 418 participants who completed their training between 1964 and 2020. Methods: This group includes physicians who not only graduated from the MRPOT but also those who completed supplementary specialized programs and medical residencies in hand surgery, all within the same department. Data were systematically collected through an electronic questionnaire. Results: Among the participants, 302 graduates (73.6% of the total cohort) were identified, and responses were obtained from 214 individuals, which corresponds to 70.8% of the reached contacts or 52.2% of the entire graduate pool. The predominant demographic of the sample is male, with 198 respondents (92.5%), most of whom reside in the state of São Paulo (154 individuals, 71.9%). A significant portion of the participants, 184 (86%), pursued further specialized training or embarked on additional medical residencies within the field. The most prevalent subspecialties within this group are Knee Surgery, accounting for 63 individuals (34.2%), and Hand Surgery, comprising 49 individuals (26.6%). Postgraduate education played a role in the academic training of 87 respondents (40.6%). Research activities primarily took place within public universities (81%) and were carried out by 79 graduates (36.9%). A substantial proportion, 130 individuals (60.7%), had prior experience in medical education, either as preceptors or professors for both undergraduate and medical residency levels. The majority of participants, 152 individuals (71%), currently practice within their respective subspecialties. However, a considerable number of graduates also engage in traumatology (34.1%) and general orthopedics (31.8%). The evaluation of the educational framework of the program and the level of professional satisfaction revealed notable aspects that received positive assessments from the respondents. These included the diversity and volume of cases, training tailored for tertiary and secondary care, and preparation for the professional sphere. On the other hand, concerns were raised regarding the adequacy of monthly remuneration, the scarcity of theoretical instruction, and the limited exposure to surgical training. These specific areas garnered lower scores both in the objective metrics and subjective feedback. Conclusion: This study effectively delineated the characteristics of MRPOT graduates and identified the program's key strengths. Simultaneously, it highlights areas that have drawn criticism and warrant attention.

Nexo causal entre trabalho e saúde/doença e o problema das perícias / Causal nexus between work and health/illness and the issue of expert testimonies

Resumo A esfera das perícias comumente reduz a questão do estabelecimento do nexo de causalidade entre trabalho e saúde/doença apenas ao binômio trabalho/vida pessoal. Partindo dos pressupostos dos campos Saúde do Trabalhador (ST) e Saúde Mental Relacionada ao Trabalho (SMRT), este ensaio visa problematizar o resultado da questão, que reside na existência de dificuldades enfrentadas por trabalhadores na obtenção do nexo causal entre seus agravos/adoecimentos, cuja causalidade mais complexa se explica a partir de várias mediações pouco consideradas nos atos periciais circunscritos apenas às anamneses clínicas de cunho biomédicas pautadas nos pressupostos da Medicina do Trabalho, Higiene e Saúde Ocupacional. As formas de superação à ideia de causa-efeito passam pelo entendimento de que o processo de adoecimento é social e histórico e de que é preciso buscar mediações entre trabalho e adoecimento para elucidar sintomatologias singulares a partir da experiência do desgaste coletivo. Tal averiguação deve, ao mesmo tempo, problematizar os próprios processos de trabalho dos atores sociais envolvidos nas investigações periciais e partir das prioridades definidas pelos próprios trabalhadores que atuam como sujeitos da análise da nocividade do trabalho para a saúde.

Abstract Expert testimonies commonly reduce the establishment of causal links between work and health/illness solely to the dichotomy of work/personal life. Based on the assumptions from the fields of Workers Health and Work-Related Mental Health, this essay problematizes the results of this issue, namely the difficulties faced by workers in establishing the causal link between their ailments/illnesses, whose more complex causality is explained through several mediations that are often overlooked by the limited expert acts restricted only to clinical anamneses based on Occupational Medicine, Hygiene, and Occupational Health. Overcoming the idea of cause and effect involves understanding that the process of falling ill is social and historical, and requires exploring the mediations between work and illness to elucidate singular symptomatology based on the collective wear and tear experience. Such an investigation should simultaneously problematize the very work processes of the social actors involved in the expert investigations, starting from the priorities defined by the workers themselves who act as subjects in the analysis of work-related harm to health.

Resgate histórico documental-legislativo das perícias médico-previdenciárias e o papel dos médicos peritos na sua institucionalização / Documentary-legislative historical review of social security medical examinations and the role of medical experts in its institutionalization

Este estudo descritivo parte de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, visando esboçar uma gênese e constituição das Perícias Médico-Previdenciárias (PMP) no país e buscando ressaltar seu conteúdo crítico. Foi empreendida então a Análise de Conteúdo para categorizar os núcleos temáticos em periodizações históricas que, a partir do método dialético, nos possibilitaram conjugar uma análise diacrônica e sincrônica do papel, do lugar e da função social das PMP. Desvela-se de sua institucionalização legal uma postura historicamente conservadora e antitrabalhadora, que sustenta a ação pericial no âmbito do Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social (INSS) e nos permite afirmar que sequer tal campo de poder têm relação com qualquer resolução dos problemas em Saúde do Trabalhador (ST), pois o paradigma da causalidade dos agravos à saúde se dá pela precedência das condições de trabalho em uma visão (a)histórica e descontextualizada das relações econômicas, políticas, ideológicas e sociais que influem nos nexos entre trabalho e saúde/doença

The descriptive study, based on bibliographic and documentary research, outlines the genesis and institutionalization of Social Security Medical Experts (PMP) in Brazil, highlight its critical content. Content Analysis categorized the thematic cores into historical periods that, based on the dialectical method, allowed us to combine a diachronic and synchronic analysis of the role, place, and social function of PMP. Their legal institutionalization reveals a historically conservative and anti-worker(s) stance that supports the expert action within the National Institute of Social Security (INSS), allowing us to affirm that such a field of power has no intention to solve occupational health issues, for the causality paradigm of health problems is given a priori by the working conditions under an ahistorical and decontextualized view of economic, political, ideological and social relations that influence the link between work and health/disease

Upper and lower limb bone mass accrual in adolescent footballers across a short period of training and competition.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze bone mineral content (BMC) and area bone mineral density (aBMD) accrual in adolescent male footballers who started their first football season. METHODS: 17 athletes (14.8 ± 0.4 years) were monitored across 15 weeks of football training. Participants were evaluated for somatic maturation (HPHV), BMC, and aBMD at three time points: before (M1) and after (M2) a preparatory phase, and at the end of the competitive phase (M3). BMC and aBMD were measured using DXA scans. Participants were divided into groups according to maturation status (circa-PHV and post-PHV), and the amount of accumulated training load (median split). RESULTS: A significant effect (12.1 g/week, standard error (SE) = 2.6 g/week) was observed for lower limbs BMC across the three time points. There were no significant effects of time for upper limbs BMC. There was a significant effect of time for total body aBMD (0.007, SE = 0.003 g/cm2/week) across the three time points. Adolescents at post-PHV had a significant 245.6 g (SE = 56.1 g) higher BMC compared to adolescents at circa-PHV. No significant effects were observed for the accumulated training load. CONCLUSION: Systematic football training, even during the growth spurt, has a positive impact on adolescent bone markers despite the accumulated training load and maturation.

Total Wrist Arthrodesis: A Preoperative Test to Predict Functional Outcomes.

Objective The study aims to demonstrate an evaluation method to predict the functional success of total wrist arthrodesis (TWA) and assist its indication. Methods A prospective study including ten patients submitted to (TWA) posttraumatic arthritis. Exclusion criteria were patients who lost postoperative follow-up or incomplete information in the medical record. The objective functional assessment (handgrip strength, three-point pinch, lateral pinch and pulp-pulp pinch) and the subjective functional assessment (DASH, PRWE, EVA) were evaluated in 3 different periods: (1) Before surgery without articular anesthesia, (2) Before surgery under articular anesthesia and (3) 12 weeks after the surgical procedure. Results There was an increase in handgrip strength in all three pinches measurements after pain relief, both after joint anesthesia and after the consolidation of the arthrodesis (p < 0.05). In the comparisons between the subjective evaluations (DASH, PRWE and VAS), the patients had better scores in the postoperative evaluation after 12 weeks (p < 0.05). There was no statistical difference when comparing the mean strength values found after anesthesia and after 12 weeks of TWA. Conclusion the outcomes could propose an assessment protocol for patients with indication for TWA, in which patients with good response to intra-articular anesthetic infiltration would benefit from the effects of the surgical procedure.

Total Wrist Arthrodesis: A Preoperative Test to Predict Functional Outcomes / Artrodese total do punho: Um teste pré-operatório para prever resultados funcionais

Abstract Objective The study aims to demonstrate an evaluation method to predict the functional success of total wrist arthrodesis (TWA) and assist its indication. Methods A prospective study including ten patients submitted to (TWA) posttraumatic arthritis. Exclusion criteria were patients who lost postoperative follow-up or incomplete information in the medical record. The objective functional assessment (handgrip strength, three-point pinch, lateral pinch and pulp-pulp pinch) and the subjective functional assessment (DASH, PRWE, EVA) were evaluated in 3 different periods: (1) Before surgery without articular anesthesia, (2) Before surgery under articular anesthesia and (3) 12 weeks after the surgical procedure. Results There was an increase in handgrip strength in all three pinches measurements after pain relief, both after joint anesthesia and after the consolidation of the arthrodesis (p < 0.05). In the comparisons between the subjective evaluations (DASH, PRWE and VAS), the patients had better scores in the postoperative evaluation after 12 weeks (p < 0.05). There was no statistical difference when comparing the mean strength values found after anesthesia and after 12 weeks of TWA. Conclusion the outcomes could propose an assessment protocol for patients with indication for TWA, in which patients with good response to intra-articular anesthetic infiltration would benefit from the effects of the surgical procedure.

Resumo Objetivo O estudo tem como objetivo demonstrar um método de avaliação para predizer o sucesso funcional da artrodese total do punho (ATP) e auxiliar na sua indicação. Métodos Um estudo prospectivo incluindo dez pacientes submetidos a ATP por artrite pós-traumática. Os critérios de exclusão foram pacientes que perderam o acompanhamento pós-operatório ou informações incompletas no prontuário. A avaliação funcional objetiva (força de preensão manual, pinça de três pontos, pinça lateral e pinça polpa-a-polpa) e a avaliação funcional subjetiva (DASH, PRWE, EVA) foram avaliadas em 3 momentos diferentes: (1) Antes da cirurgia sem anestesia articular, (2) Antes da cirurgia sob anestesia articular e (3) 12 semanas após o procedimento cirúrgico. Resultados Houve aumento da força de preensão palmar nas três medidas de pinça após o alívio da dor, tanto após a anestesia articular quanto após a consolidação da artrodese (p < 0,05). Nas comparações entre as avaliações subjetivas (DASH, PRWE e VAS), os pacientes tiveram melhores escores na avaliação pós-operatória após 12 semanas (p < 0,05). Não houve diferença estatística ao comparar os valores médios de força encontrados após a anestesia e após 12 semanas de ATP.

Towards direct and eco-friendly analysis of plants using portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry: A methodological approach.

The assessment of the nutritional status of plants is traditionally performed by wet-digestion methods using oven-dried and ground samples. This process requires sampling, takes time, and it is non-environmentally friendly. Agricultural and environmental science have been greatly benefited by in-field, ecofriendly methods, and real-time element measurements. This work employed the portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (pXRF) to analyze intact and fresh leaves of crops aiming to assess the effect of water content and leaf surface (adaxial and abaxial) on pXRF results. Also, pXRF data were used to predict the real concentration of macro- and micronutrients. Eight crops (bean, castor plant, coffee, eucalyptus, guava tree, maize, mango, and soybean) with contrasting water contents were used. Intact leaf fragments (∼2 × 2 cm), fresh or oven-dried (60 °C) were obtained to be analyzed via pXRF on both adaxial and abaxial surface. Conventional wet-digestion method was also performed on powdered material to obtain the concentration of macro- and micronutrients via ICP-OES. The data were subjected to descriptive statistics, principal component analysis (PCA) and random forest (RF) algorithm regression. RF was used to predict the real concentration of macro- and micronutrients based on pXRF measurements obtained directly on intact leaves. Water content had a significant effect on pXRF results. However, a positive correlation between the concentration of macro- and micronutrients obtained via pXRF directly on intact leaves and conventional analysis performed on powdered samples was obtained. PCA analysis allowed a clear differentiation of crops based on elemental composition. The concentrations of macro- and micronutrients were very accurately predicted via RF. Even elements not detected by pXRF (N and B) were satisfactory predicted. From this pilot study, it is possible to concluded that pXRF is feasible for in-field assessment of nutritional status of plants. Further studies are needed to obtain specific and robust calibrations for each crop.

Detailed characterization of iron-rich tailings after the Fundão dam failure, Brazil, with inclusion of proximal sensors data, as a secure basis for environmental and agricultural restoration.

Following the Fundão dam failure in Brazil, 60 million m3 of iron-rich tailings were released impacting an extensive area. After this catastrophe, a detailed characterization and monitoring of iron-rich tailings is required for agronomic and environmental purposes. This can be facilitated by using proximal sensors which have been an efficient, fast, and cost-effective tool for eco-friendly analysis of soils and sediments. This work hypothesized that portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) spectrometry combined with a pocket-sized (Nix™ Pro) color sensor and benchtop magnetic susceptibilimeter can produce substantial data for fast and clean characterization of iron-rich tailings. The objectives were to differentiate impacted and non-impacted areas (soils and sediments) based on proximal sensors data, and to predict attributes of agronomic and environmental importance. A total of 148 composite samples were collected on totally impacted, partially impacted, and non-impacted areas (natural soils). The samples were analyzed via pXRF to obtain the total elemental composition; via Nix™ Pro color sensor to obtain the red (R), green (G), and blue (B) parameters; and assessed for magnetic susceptibility (MS). The same samples used for analyses via the aforementioned sensors were wet-digested (USEPA 3051a method) followed by ICP-OES quantification of potentially toxic elements. Principal component analysis was performed to differentiate impacted and non-impacted areas. The pXRF data alone or combined with other sensors were used to predict soil agronomic properties and semi-total concentration of potentially toxic elements via random forest regression. For that, samples were randomly separated into modeling (70%) and validation (30%) datasets. The pXRF proved to be an efficient method for rapid and eco-friendly characterization of iron-rich tailings, allowing a clear differentiation of impacted and non-impacted areas. Also, important soil agronomic properties (clay, cation exchange capacity, soil organic carbon, pH and macronutrients availability) and semi-total concentrations of Ba, Pb, Cr, V, Cu, Co, Ni, Mn, Ti, and Li were accurately predicted (based upon the lowest RMSE and highest R2 and RPD values). Sensor data fusion (pXRF + Nix Pro + MS) slightly improved the accuracy of predictions. This work highlights iron-rich tailings from the Fundão dam failure can be in detail characterized via pXRF ex situ, providing a secure basis for complementary studies in situ aiming at identify contaminated hot spots, digital mapping of soil and properties variability, and embasing pedological, agricultural and environmental purposes.

Characterization of the Epidermis and Cuticle of the Cashew Pseudofruit during Its Development and Maturation.

The epidermis and cuticle play an important role in reducing dehydration and protecting the cashew pseudofruit in both the production environment and the postharvest stage. This study analyzes the alterations on the epidermis and cuticle of CCP 76 cashew pseudofruits harvested in five developmental and maturation stages (S1, S2, S3, S4, and S5). The epidermis and cuticle of the samples were analyzed under light microscopy (LM) (quantitative analysis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The epidermal cells at S3 reached maximum outer periclinal wall thickness, which reduced during ripening (S4 and S5), while the cuticle increased in thickness during the same period. These changes coincided with the rapid initial growth of the cashew pseudofruit when the epidermis and cuticle need to accompany the expansion of internal tissues. At the ultrastructural level, lipid material is transported via vesicles through the cell wall to the cuticle, increasing its thickness. Epicuticular waxes, previously deposited as plates and globules, began to develop an amorphous shape during maturation. This process possibly occurs due to changes in wax composition that can be related to the development of greasiness on the fruit skin. These findings provide a better understanding of cashew pseudofruit skin, which will aid future studies and strategies to preserve quality during the postharvest stage.

The Influence of Different Training Load Magnitudes on Sleep Pattern, Perceived Recovery, and Stress Tolerance in Young Soccer Players.

ABSTRACT: Ferreira, ABdM, Ribeiro, BLL, Batista, EdS, Dantas, MP, and Mortatti, AL. The influence of different training load magnitudes on sleep pattern, perceived recovery, and stress tolerance in young soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 37(2): 351-357, 2023-The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of 3 weeks on sleep parameters, perceived recovery, and stress tolerance in young soccer players using different training load magnitudes. A total of 13 young male soccer athletes (15.9 ± 0.5 years; 68.7 ± 6.1 kg; 170 ± 7 cm) who performed 3 typical training weeks with different workloads were analyzed. The external training load (ETL) was verified by the PlayerLoad method, and the internal training load (ITL) was determined using the session rating of perceived exertion method. Sleep was monitored using a wrist-actigraphy monitor. Sleep variables, including total time in bed (TTB), total sleep time (TST), sleep latency (SL), wake after sleep onset (WASO), and sleep efficiency (SE), were evaluated across all nights of sleep. The recovery status was assessed with the perceived recovery status (PRS) scale, and the stress tolerance was monitored using the "daily analysis of life demands of athletes" questionnaire. There was an increase in sleep time during the week with the highest training load (week 2) (TTB: +35 minutes, TST: +46 minutes, SL: -5 minutes, SE: +3%). There was no difference in the PRS or in the stress tolerance during the evaluation weeks. A very large within-individual correlation was observed between ITL and ETL ( r = 0.78) and moderate within-individual correlation between ETL and TST ( r = 0.34), between ITL and TST ( r = 0.45), and between ITL and SE ( r = 0.359). These results showed that there was an increase in TST during a microcycle with intensified loads, without impairing bedtime and resulting in maintenance of the perceived recovery or stress tolerance values.

A ponta do iceberg: o teletrabalho durante a pandemia / The tip of the iceberg: telework during the pandemic

Resumo A pandemia do novo coronavírus levou o trabalho para a residência de milhares de trabalhadores no mundo, de maneira compulsória. Portanto, este ensaio objetiva evidenciar os fatores psicossociais de riscos à saúde e o panorama do teletrabalho no primeiro ano da pandemia de covid-19 e, neste contexto, analisar a política do teletrabalho no Brasil. Apresentamos os diferentes conceitos do teletrabalho e discutimos sobre como não é uma modalidade ausente de riscos. Fatores psicossociais, como o isolamento social e profissional, a intensificação do trabalho e sobreposição de atividades profissionais e familiares são alguns dos destacados na literatura. A partir de dados secundários obtidos da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios e análises do Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada durante a pandemia, revelou-se um panorama de desigualdade no perfil daqueles que tem acesso ao teletrabalho, além da acentuação das diferenças regionais. Por fim, identificamos um descompasso entre a regulamentação do teletrabalho e as necessidades dos trabalhadores, impactadas pela pandemia de covid-19. Assim, é necessária a elaboração, reformulação e implementação de políticas, visando garantir os direitos e saúde dos teletrabalhadores.

Abstract The new coronavirus pandemic compulsorily brought work into the homes of thousands of workers worldwide. Therefore, this essay aims to highlight the psychosocial factors of health risks and telework's panorama in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic and, in this context, to analyze the telework policy in Brazil. We presented the different concepts of telework and discuss how and why it is not a risk-free modality. The literature highlights psychosocial factors, such as social and professional isolation, work intensification and overlapping of professional and family activities. Secondary data obtained from the National Household Sample Survey and analyses by the Institute of Applied Economic Research during the pandemic revealed a panorama of inequality in the profile of those who have access to telework, in addition to the accentuation of regional differences. Finally, we identified a mismatch between the regulation of telework and the workers' needs, impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, it is necessary to elaborate, reformulate and implement policies, aiming to guarantee the rights and health of teleworkers.

Indicadores de provimento de serviços de saúde bucal no Brasil: análise longitudinal de 2016 a 2022 e comparação por porte populacional dos municípios / Indicators for the provision of oral health services in Brazil: longitudinal analysis from 2016 to 2022 and comparison by population size of municipalities

Os indicadores são medidas-síntese capazes de determinar a condição de saúde de uma população. Esse trabalho objetiva realizar uma análise longitudinal (2016-2022) do desempenho de indicadores de provimento dos serviços de saúde bucal. Trata-se de estudo ecológico que utilizou dados secundários do Sistema de Informação em Saúde para a Atenção Básica (SISAB) referente aos relatórios de saúde/produção do período. As unidades de análise foram os municípios brasileiros com resultados estratificados de acordo com porte populacional utilizando dados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Os desfechos são os indicadores: proporção de procedimentos odontológicos clínico-cirúrgicos, proporção de procedimentos odontológicos restauradores e proporção de procedimentos preventivos individuais em saúde bucal, elaborados a partir da Ficha de Atendimento Odontológico Individual do e-SUS APS e validados pela técnica de Delphi modificada. Foi realizada análise descritiva do desempenho dos indicadores, criada a variável evento para definir períodos pré e pós pandemia. Os resultados foram apresentados em gráficos de linhas, com os dados para o Brasil e para os portes populacionais dos municípios. A variação quadrimestral foi estimada por um modelo de regressão para dados longitudinais com obtenção de estimativas marginais e aplicação do Teste de Wald. Para a análise dos dados foi utilizado o software Stata® 18.0. Os resultados demonstram que os valores dos indicadores não sofreram muita variação até o Quadrimestre (QD) 1 2020, no período pré-pandêmico. Os indicadores alteraram a partir do QD2 2020, quando a proporção de procedimentos clínico-cirúrgicos aumentou significativamente e a proporção de procedimentos restauradores sofreu queda significativa. O indicador de procedimentos preventivos predominou no Brasil e em todos os portes populacionais, exceto nos municípios de menor porte, durante todo o período. Os indicadores sofreram variações em função da interação porte populacional/quadrimestre/evento. Nos municípios de porte até 9,9 mil habitantes, a redução de procedimentos restauradores foi significativa pós pandemia e o aumento dos procedimentos clínico cirúrgicos foi significativo para todos os portes populacionais após o evento. Conclui-se que há diferenças no desempenho dos indicadores entre os portes populacionais e no período pré e pós pandemia de COVID19. Concomitantemente ao estudo quantitativo, foram desenvolvidos três produtos técnicos: (i) o Dicionário de Indicadores para a Avaliação dos Serviços de Saúde Bucal na Atenção Primária à Saúde em formato e-book, no qual estão descritos detalhadamente os indicadores avaliados por esse estudo e os demais que compõem a matriz avaliativa; (ii) o Painel de Indicadores para o monitoramento dos Serviços de Saúde Bucal na Atenção Primária à Saúde, de acesso livre e gratuito por meio de URL, consistindo em estratégia de incorporação de tecnologia digital inédita para geração de informações por meio de indicadores de saúde bucal a partir dos registros no e-SUS APS, com resultados demonstrados por meio de gráficos, mapas e tabelas e (iii) a Calculadora de Indicadores de Saúde Bucal, disponibilizada por meio livre e online para gestores e Equipes de Saúde Bucal calcularem os indicadores com dados locais de produção das equipes.

Indicators are synthetic measures capable of determining the health condition of a population. This work aims to carry out a longitudinal analysis (2016-2022) of the performance of indicators for the provision of oral health services. This is an ecological study that used secondary data from the Health Information System for Primary Care (SISAB) regarding health/production reports for the period. The units of analysis were Brazilian municipalities with results stratified according to population size using data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The outcomes are the indicators: proportion of clinical-surgical dental procedures, proportion of restorative dental procedures and proportion of individual preventive procedures in oral health , prepared based on the e-SUS APS Individual Dental Care Form and validated by the modified Delphi technique . A descriptive analysis of the performance of the indicators was carried out, creating the event variable to define pre- and post-pandemic periods. The results were presented in line graphs, with data for Brazil and the population sizes of the municipalities. The four-monthly variation was estimated using a regression model for longitudinal data, obtaining marginal estimates and applying the Wald Test. For data analysis, Stata ® 18.0 software was used. The results demonstrate that the values of the indicators did not change much until Quadrimester (QD) 1 2020, in the pre -pandemic period. The indicators changed from QD2 2020, when the proportion of clinical-surgical procedures increased significantly and the proportion of restorative procedures suffered a significant drop. The indicator of preventive procedures predominated in Brazil and in all population sizes, except in smaller municipalities, throughout the period. The indicators varied depending on the population size/quarter/event interaction . In municipalities with a population of up to 9,900 inhabitants, the reduction in restorative procedures was significant after the pandemic and the increase in clinical surgical procedures was significant for all population sizes after the event. It is concluded that there are differences in the performance of the indicators between population sizes and in the pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic period. Concomitantly with the quantitative study, three technical products were developed: (i) the Dictionary of Indicators for the Assessment of Oral Health Services in Primary Health Care in e-book format, which describes in detail the indicators evaluated by this study and the others that make up the evaluation matrix; ( ii ) the Indicator Panel for monitoring Oral Health Services in Primary Health Care, freely accessible via URL, consisting of a strategy for incorporating unprecedented digital technology to generate information through health indicators oral health from records in e-SUS APS, with results demonstrated through graphs, maps and tables and ( iii ) the Oral Health Indicator Calculator, made available freely and online for managers and Oral Health Teams to calculate the indicators with local production data from the teams.

Do enhanced efficiency potassium sources increase maize yield in soil with high potassium content?

Enhanced efficiency potassium fertilizers can be a management tool that is crucial to crop sustainability in maize (Zea mays L.). However, there is a need for studies aimed at validating the use of these fertilizers in different production environments. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of maize under sources and rates of K through conventional and enhanced efficiency fertilizers in soil with high available K content. The experiment was carried out for two years in an Oxisol (605 g kg-1 of clay) with high K content (6.7 mmolc dm-3). Three sources were used, one conventional (KCl), one obtained by additives sprayed on the fertilizer surface (KCl-C), and one obtained by compacting KCl powder and adding additives (KCl-CC), associated with three K2O rates as top-dressing (50, 100, 150 kg ha-1) and a control without K2O. In all treatments, 48 kg ha-1 of K2O was applied in the sowing furrow. In the first year, maize yield increased linearly for both the KCl and KCl-C sources. The maximum yield (7,967 kg ha-1) for the KCl-CC was obtained at 88 kg ha-1. In the second year, the maximum yields for the KCl (7,553 kg ha-1) and KCl-C (8,166 kg ha-1) were obtained with 20 and 67 kg ha-1 K2O, respectively, while for the KCl-CC maize yield did not change. Enhanced efficiency K sources promote increases in maize yield ranging from 4.3 % to 7.1 %. Top-dressing K fertilization in high-fertility soils is a viable alternative for producers focused on increasing maize yield, mainly when enhanced efficiency sources are used.(AU)

Analysis of stress tolerance, competitive-anxiety, heart rate variability and salivary cortisol during successive matches in male futsal players.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to compare the stress tolerance, competitive anxiety, heart rate variability and salivary cortisol before and during successive futsal competitive matches (3 matches in 4 days) in young male futsal players. METHODS: 10 young male futsal players (16.9 ± 0.7 age; 71.0 ± 5.1 kg; 174.9 ± 4.3 cm) were monitored during one training session and across a competitive period with 3 successive matches. External load was determined by the PlayerLoad method, while session rating of perceived exertion was used to calculate the internal training and competitive load. The stress tolerance was examined using Daily Analysis of Life Demand in Athletes questionnaire and the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory was used to analyze the competitive anxiety. The Time and frequency monitoring parameters were used to analyze the vagal cardiac autonomic marker. sC was analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: A generalized estimating equation showed a significant difference for PlayerLoad from M1 to TS, M2 and M3, from M2 to M3 (p < 0.05), and for session rating of perceived exertion from M1 to Ts and M3 (p < 0.05). A difference for sources [χ2 (3) = 1.481, p = 0.68] or symptoms [χ2 (3) = 3.893, p = 0.27] was not found. There was no significant difference in any of the competitive anxiety [cognitive anxiety (F (1.644; 14.799) = 4.6, p = 0.73, ŋ2 p = 0.28), somatic anxiety (F (2,09; 18,85) = 26.07 p = 0.057; ŋ2p = 0.27) or self-confidence (F(2.07; 18.85) = 15.875 p = 0.152; ŋ2p = 0.18)] domains. The HRV parameters (time domain and frequency) and Salivary Cortisol (sC) (χ2 (3) = 4.320 p = 0.229) did not significantly change during the successive matches. CONCLUSION: The competitive scenario in which the players were evaluated did not significantly modify the stress tolerance, or the athletes' state of anxiety, which in turn was not able to promote changes in the cardiac vagal modulation or in the sC levels before the matches.

Epidemiological study on the lip and oral cavity cancer in Brazil: connecting science and clinical applicability.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe and discuss the epidemiological indicators of lip and oral cavity cancer in Brazil, in 2017, according to data from the Global Burden of Disease data. METHODS: This is a descriptive study reported according to STROBE guidelines. We identified epidemiological indicators using the Global Burden of Disease results tool. Mortality/incidence rates were described per 100,000 population. Global Burden of Disease 2017 reviews were completed using Python version 2.7, Stata version 13.1, and R version 3.3. RESULTS: In 2017, there were 5,237 deaths from the lip or oral cavity cancer in Brazil, most of them were males aged between 50 and 69 years (2,730 cases, which was equivalent to 52% of the universe of deaths resulting from this cause). Regarding the burden of lip and oral cavity cancer, per 100,000 Brazilians, we observed an incidence of 3.99, prevalence of 15.46, and mortality of 2.29 (with higher indicators in the South and Southeast regions of the country). CONCLUSIONS: Epidemiological indicators of lip and oral cavity cancer were higher in men, with higher mortality indicators in individuals aged 50-69 years, and higher rates (incidence, prevalence, and mortality) in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil. From 2002-2015, there was a reduction in mortality; however, in the period from 2015-2017, there was a resumption in the growth of this indicator.

Geochemistry signatures of mercury in soils of the Amazon rainforest biome.

Mercury (Hg) toxicity in soils depends on Hg species and other physical and chemical attributes, as selenium (Se) hotspots in soils, particularly relevant in Amazonian soils. The study of Hg species and their relations in representative locations of the Amazon rainforest biome is critical for assessing the potential risks of Hg in this environment. This work aimed to determine the concentration of total Hg and its species (Hg0, Hg22+ and Hg2+), and to correlate Hgtotal concentration with total elemental composition, magnetic susceptibility, and physicochemical attributes of Amazon soils. Nine sites in the Amazon rainforest biome, Brazil, were selected and analyzed for their chemical, physical, and mineralogical attributes. The clay fraction of the studied Amazon soils is dominated by kaolinite, goethite, hematite, gibbsite, and quartz. Mica was also found in soils from the States of Acre and Amazonas. Hgtotal ranged from 21.5 to 208 µg kg-1 (median = 104 µg kg-1), and the concentrations did not exceed the threshold value established for Brazilian soils (500 µg kg-1). The Hg2+ was notably the predominant species. Its occurrence and concentration were correlated with the landscape position and soil attributes. Hgtotal was moderately and positively correlated with TiO2, clay, and Se. The findings showed that geographic location, geological formation, and pedological differences influence the heterogeneity and distribution of Hgtotal in the studied soil classes. Thus, a detailed characterization and knowledgment of the soil classes is very important to clarify the complex behavior of this metal in the Amazon rainforest biome.