Understanding Factors Contributing to Vaccine Hesitancy in a Large Metropolitan Area.

Vaccine hesitancy has become a major global concern, leading to a significant decrease in the vaccination rate, with the World Health Organization recognizing it as one of the top ten threats to public health. Moreover, the health cost generated is evaluated to be 27 billion dollars per year in the US alone. To investigate the association between demographic variables and knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours related to vaccination, a survey-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 1163 individuals. Three models were used to perform a multiple linear regression analysis. In Model I, knowledge about vaccinations was found to be associated with smoking habits, education, and marital status. In Model II, attitudes towards vaccinations were significantly associated with sex, smoking habits, education, marital status, and knowledge. In Model III, behaviours related to vaccination were associated with sex, smoking habits, having children, knowledge, and attitudes. One potential solution to improve behaviours related to vaccinations in the general population is to implement specific public health programs, which can be a cost-effective intervention. This study provides valuable insights into the determinants of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours related to vaccinations in the general population.

Study on Bacteria Isolates and Antimicrobial Resistance in Wildlife in Sicily, Southern Italy.

Wild environments and wildlife can be reservoirs of pathogens and antibiotic resistance. Various studies have reported the presence of zoonotic bacteria, resistant strains, and genetic elements that determine antibiotic resistance in wild animals, especially near urban centers or agricultural and zootechnical activities. The purpose of this study was the analysis, by cultural and molecular methods, of bacteria isolated from wild animals in Sicily, Italy, regarding their susceptibility profile to antibiotics and the presence of antibiotic resistance genes. Bacteriological analyses were conducted on 368 wild animals, leading to the isolation of 222 bacterial strains identified by biochemical tests and 16S rRNA sequencing. The most isolated species was Escherichia coli, followed by Clostridium perfringens and Citrobacter freundii. Antibiograms and the determination of resistance genes showed a reduced spread of bacteria carrying antibiotic resistance among wild animals in Sicily. However, since several wild animals are becoming increasingly close to residential areas, it is important to monitor their health status and to perform microbiological analyses following a One Health approach.

Minimizando as sequelas do tradicionamento ortodôntico de canino superior impactado na dentadura permanente: abordagem inicial com aparelho removível / Minimizing the sequelae of orthodontic traction of impacted maxillary canine in the permanent dentition: initial approach with a removable appliance

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de relatar um caso clínico detracionamento de canino superior esquerdo impactado por vestibular.O tratamento foi realizado inicialmente com uma placa removívelsuperior, a qual apresentava finalidade de evitar a movimentação daraiz do incisivo lateral superior em direção à coroa do canino incluso.O tracionamento foi realizado com grande eficiência e estabilidade,posicionando o canino em uma região de gengiva inserida, com mínimasequeia dos tecidos e dentes adjacentes.

Theaim of this study is to show a case report with tractionof the labially impacted left maxillary canine. The treatment began with amaxillary removable appliance for the purpose of to avoid the movementof the maxillary lateral incisor root toward the included canine. Thetraction was performed with maximum of efficiency and posttreatmentstability. The maxillary canine was positioned in a region of attachedgengiva in a short time and with minimal sequelae of adjacent tissues.