Production of Inflammatory Mediators in Conditioned Medium of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (ATMSC)-Treated Fresh Frozen Plasma.

BACKGROUND Inflammation is the body's first response to an illness that causes irritation or infection. Inflammation is tightly correlated with aging, which is a progressive degenerative process. Conditioned medium (CM) from adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (CM-ATMSCs) has been shown to stimulate collagen synthesis and dermal fibroblast migration, as well as reduce wrinkles and improve wound healing. This study aimed to observe the production of inflammatory modulators - interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-6, IL-10, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kappaB) - in CM-ATMSCs treated with fresh frozen plasma (FFP) at passages 3 (P3), 7, 11, and 15. MATERIAL AND METHODS ATMSCs P3 were obtained from liposuction of female donors, and the CM from ATMSCs was collected. Measurement of these cytokines was performed with ELISA. RESULTS At many passages, IL-6, a proinflammatory modulator, was discovered to be the most powerful modulator among FFP- and non-FFP-treated cells. However, CM-ATMSCs treated with FFP and in the late passage have significant differences (P<0.05) compared to non-FFP treatments and in other passages in their effects on secretion of inflammatory modulators. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, CM-ATMSC has the potential to secrete proinflammatory modulators.

Conditioned medium of E17 rat brain cells induced differentiation of primary colony of mice blastocyst into neuron-like cells.

BACKGROUND: Conditioned medium is the medium obtained from certain cultured cells and contained secretome from the cells. The secretome, which can be in the form of growth factors, cytokines, exosomes, or other proteins secreted by the cells, can induce the differentiation of cells that still have pluripotent or multipotent properties. OBJECTIVES: This study examined the effects of conditioned medium derived from E17 rat brain cells on cells with pluripotent properties. METHODS: The conditioned medium used in this study originated from E17 rat brain cells. The CM was used to induce the differentiation of primary colonies of mice blastocysts. Primary colonies were stained with alkaline phosphatase to analyze the pluripotency. The morphological changes in the colonies were examined, and the colonies were stained with GFAP and Neu-N markers on days two and seven after adding the conditioned medium. RESULTS: The conditioned medium could differentiate the primary colony, beginning with the formation of embryoid-body-like structure; round GFAP positive cells were identified. Finally, neuron-like cells testing positive for Neu-N were observed on the seventh day after adding the conditioned medium. CONCLUSIONS: Conditioned medium from different species, in this case, E17 rat brain cells, induced and promoted the differentiation of the primary colony from mice blastocysts into neuron-like cells. The addition of CM mediated neurite growth in the differentiation process.

Proliferation, Characterization and Differentiation Potency of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (AT-MSCs) Cultured in Fresh Frozen and non-Fresh Frozen Plasma.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have unique properties, including high proliferation rates, self-renewal, and multilineage differentiation ability. Their characteristics are affected by increasing age and microenvironment. This research is aimed to determine the proliferation, characteristics and differentiation capacity of adipose tissue-derived (AT)-MSCs at many passages with different media. The cell proliferation capacity was assayed using trypan blue. MSCs characterization (CD90, CD44, CD105, CD73, CD11b, CD19, CD34, CD45, and HLA-DR) was performed by flow cytometry, and cell differentiation was determined by specific stainings. Population doubling time (PDT) of AT-MSCs treated with fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and non-FFP increased in the late passage (P) (P15 FFP was 22.67 ± 7.01 days and non-FFP was 19.65 ± 2.27 days). Cumulative cell number was significantly different between FFP and non-FFP at P5, 10, 15. AT-MSCs at P4-15 were positive for CD90, CD44, CD105, and CD73, and negative for CD11b, CD19, CD34, CD45, and HLA-DR surface markers. AT-MSCs at P5, 10, 15 had potential toward adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic differentiation. Therefore, PDT was affected by increased age but no difference was observed in morphology, surface markers and differentiation capacity among passages. Cumulative cell number in FFP was higher in comparison with non-FFP in P5, 10, 15. Our data suggest that FFP may replace FBS for culturing MSCs.

Heterogeneity of Cells Population and Secretome Profile of Differentiated Cells from E17 Rat Neural Progenitor Cells.

Conditioned medium has now gained increasing interest since the development of secretome-based therapy. Various types of cells have been studied as a source of the secretome. One of them is neural progenitor cells (NPCs). These are cells that capable of differentiating into neurons as well as glial cells. Indeed, the study on NPCs has risen in the last few decades, but the study on the differentiated cells has not clearly described. The most common procedures that widely used to get the conditioned medium is starvation. However, cell starvation may cause environmental stress and become an apoptotic trigger for the cells. In this study, we analyzed the effect of starvation on differentiated cells from E17 rat neural progenitor cells (NPCs) based on cells characteristics and secretome profile. We found that starvation decreased cells viability and affected the heterogeneity of the cell population. Astrocytes survived more under nutrient deprivation conditions, and the progenitor cells showed a higher tendency to differentiate to glial cells than neurons. Duration of starvation also influenced the secretome profile, alterations found in protein types and also their function in the biological process. During 24 hours of starvation, cells secreted proteins that were used to maintain cell growth, stimulate differentiation, and produce energy, but there were also proteins that identified and involved in autophagy activation. After 48 hours of starvation, astrocytes that became the dominant cells secreted proteins that try to keep protecting the remaining neurons.